• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1591-1596
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• 2006

Acaricidal effects of materials derived from Caesalpinia sappan heartwoods against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus were assessed and compared with those evidenced by commercial benzyl benzoate and DEET. The observed responses varied according to dosage and mite species. The $LD_{50}$ values of the methanol extracts derived from C. sappan heartwoods were 6.13 and $5.44{\mu}g/cm^3$ against D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus, respectively. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction derived from the methanol extract was approximately 8.71 more toxic than DEET against D. farinae, and 4.73 times more toxic against D. pteronyssinus. The biologically active constituent from the ethyl acetate fraction of C. sappan heartwood extract was purified via silica gel chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The structure of the acaricidal component was analyzed by $GC-MS,\;^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR,\;^1H-^{13}C\;COSY-NMR$, and DEPT-NMR spectroscopy, and identified as juglone (5-hydroxy-l,4-naphthoquinone). Based on the $LD_{50}$ values of juglone and its derivatives, the most toxic compound against D. farinae was juglone ($0.076{\mu}g/cm^3$), followed by benzyl benzoate ($9.143{\mu}g/cm^3$) and 2methyl-l,4-naphthoquinone ($40.0{\mu}g/cm^3$). These results indicate that the acaricidal activity of C. sappan heartwoods is likely to be the result of the effects of juglone. Additionally, juglone treatment was shown to effect a change in the color of the cuticles of house dust mites, from colorless-transparent to dark brownish-black. Accordingly, as a naturally occurring acaricidal agent, C. sappan heartwood-derived juglone should prove to be quite 'useful as a potential control agent, lead compound, and house dust mite indicator.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.329-336
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• 1995

For the development of new antitumor antibiotics produced by microorganisms, Streptomyces sp. YBE-316 was isolated from soil. The productivity of the antitumor antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. YBE-316 gradually increased after 60 hours, and was maximum after 100 hours after inoculation in growth medium (2.0% sucrose, 1.0% soybean meal, 0.1% K$_{2}$HPO$_{4}$, pH 7.0) at 30$\circ$C, 150 rpm, 5 NL/min by 30 l jar fermentor. This antitumor antibiotic was present only in mycelium, and stable in pH 5.0-10.0 for 20 minutes at 100$\circ$C. Antitumor and antibiotic activities were maintained at neutral pH, and heat stability was low. This antitumor antibiotic was soluble in methanol and ethanol, and insoluble in water, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane. This antitumor antibiotic was sequentially purified by acetone extraction from mycelium, butanol extraction, and silica gel column chromatography. Antitumor activity was low against most tested cell lines, but antibiotic activity was high and low against yeasts and bacteria, respectivelv. The visualization test showed that this antitumor antibiotic had higher hydroxyl, ketone, amino, carboxyl groups, and sugar(s) in its structure. Instrumental analyses showed that this antitumor antibiotic was a pentaene in polyene class antibiotics. In pentaene class antibiotics, this was considered as an eurocidin or capacidin type antibiotics. The molecular weight of this antitumor antibiotic was higher than 683.0 daltons, and this antitumor antibiotic might be glycosylated by other sugar(s), instead of mycosamine or perosamine, an amino sugar.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.798-803
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• 1999

Prolyl endopeptidase [PEP; EC 3.4.21.26], a serine protease which is known to cleave peptide bonds on the carboxy side of a proline residue, plays an important role in the degradation of proline-containing neuropeptides that have been suggested to participate in learning and memory processes. An abnormal increase in the level of PEP, which can lead to generation of $A{\beta}$, is also suggested to be involved in Alzheimer's type senile dementia. In the course of screening PEP inhibitors from Basidiomycetes, the mushroom Polyozellus multiplex exhibited a high inhibitory activity against PEP. Two active compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction by consecutive purification, using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and Lobar RP-18 chromatography. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified as thelephoric acid and 12-acety1-2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-[12H]-12-hydroxymethylbenzobis[I.2b,3.4b'] benzofuran-11-one (kynapcin-9) by spectral data including UV, IR, MS, HR-MS, $^1H-,{\;}^{13}C-$, and 2D-NMR. The $IC_{50}$ values of the thelephoric acid and kynapcin-9 were 0.157 ppm (446nM) and 0.087 ppm (212nM) and their inhibitor constants ($K_i$) were 0.73ppm ($2.09{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$) and 0.060 ppm (146 nM), respectively. Furthermore, they were non-competitive with a substrate in Dixon plots.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1359-1366
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• 2012

A strain of Streptomyces cavourensis subsp. cavourensis (coded as SY224) antagonistic to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infecting pepper plants was isolated. SY224 produced lytic enzymes such as chitinase, ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase, lipase, and protease in respective assays. To examine for antifungal activity, the treatments amended with the nonsterilized supernatant resulted in the highest growth inhibition rate of about 92.9% and 87.4% at concentrations of 30% and 10%, respectively. However, the sterilized treatments (autoclaved or chloroform treated) gave a lowered but significant inhibitory effect of about 63.4% and 62.6% for the 10% supernatant concentration, and 75.2% and 74.8% for the of 30% supernatant concentration in the PDA agar medium, respectively, indicative of the role of a non-protein, heat stable compound on the overall effect. This antifungal compound, which inhibited spore germination and altered hyphal morphology, was extracted by EtOAc and purified by ODS, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column, and HPLC, where an active fraction was confirmed to be 2-furancarboxaldehyde by GS-CI MS techniques. These results suggested that SY224 had a high potential in the biocontrol of anthracnose in pepper, mainly due to a combined effect of lytic enzymes and a non-protein, heat-stable antifungal compound, 2-furancarboxaldehyde.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1559-1565
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• 2017

Naturally occurring ginsenoside F1 (20-O-${\beta}$-$\text\tiny{D}$-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol) is rare. Here, we produced gram-scale quantities of ginsenoside F1 from a crude protopanaxatriol saponin mixture comprised mainly of Re and Rg1 through enzyme-mediated biotransformation using recombinant ${\beta}$-glucosidase (BgpA) cloned from a soil bacterium, Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans Gsoil $3082^T$. In a systematic step-by-step process, the concentrations of substrate, enzyme, and NaCl were determined for maximal production of F1. At an optimized NaCl concentration of 200 mM, the protopanaxatriol saponin mixture (25 mg/ml) was incubated with recombinant BgpA (20 mg/ml) for 3 days in a 2.4 L reaction. Following octadecylsilyl silica gel column chromatography, 9.6 g of F1 was obtained from 60 g of substrate mixture at 95% purity, as assessed by chromatography. These results represent the first report of gram-scale F1 production via recombinant enzyme-mediated biotransformation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.389-397
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• 1996

The volatile concentrate obtained from the edible Korean dureup plant (Aralia elata Seem.) by a distillation-extraction system was separated into hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing fractions, and the latter was further separated into nine subfractions by silica gel column chromatography. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were utilized to identify 167 volatile compounds in the fractions. The volatile compounds included 72 hydrocarbons, 31 alcohols, 23 aldehydes, 16 esters, 10 acids, 6 ketons, 3 furans, 2 phenols, 1 indole, 1 oxide, 1 sulfide, and 1 lactone. ${\beta}-Caryopyllene$, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, was the most abundant volatile compound identified in Korean dureup (19.53%). Dureup oil was found to possess a woody or herbaceous aroma following sensory evaluation of each fraction and individual volatile component using a GC-sniff apparatus.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.155-158
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• 2016

The fruits of Prunus davidiana were extracted with 80 % aqueous methanol at room temperature. The concentrated extract was partitioned as ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butyl alcohol, and water fractions. From the EtOAc fraction, three triterpenoids were isolated through the repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$) and octadecyl $SiO_2$ column chromatographies. Based on physico-chemical and spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and infrared, the compounds were identified to be ursolic acid (1), corosolic acid (2), and ${\alpha}-amyrin$ (3).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2014

The stems of Viburnum erosum were extracted with 80% MeOH. The concentrated extract was partitioned with EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$. From the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, four compounds were isolated through the repeated $SiO_2$, octadecyl silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Based on NMR, MS, and IR spectroscopic data, the chemical structures were determined as betulinic aldehyde (1), koaburside (2), (6R,7E,9R)-9-hydroxymegastigma-4,7-dien-3-one-9-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (3), and byzantionoside B (4). All the compounds were isolated for the first time from the stems of Viburnum erosum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.02a
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• pp.14-28
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• 2001

As basic study for purpose bioremedation in oil-contaminated environment, Primarily, we isolated biosurfactant producer- strains utilized of oil-agar plate, and measured surface tension and emulsifying activity. We investigated in oil-contaminated soil and sea water. In this laboratory, Pseudomonas sp. EL-012S strain isolated from oil-contaminated soil was able to product novel biosurfactant under the optimal culture condition. Its condition was n-hexadecane 2.0%, NH$_4$NO$_3$0.4%, Na$_2$HPO$_4$0.6%, KH$_2$PO$_4$0.4%, MgSO$_4$.7$H_2O$ 0.02%, CaCl$_2$.2$H_2O$ 0.001%, FeSO.7$H_2O$ 0.001%, initial pH 7.0 and aeration at 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. This biosurfactant was produced in both late-exponential and early-stationary phase. The biosurfactant from Pseudomonas sp. EL-012S was composed of carbohydrate, lipid and protein. The purified-biosurfactant was examined two (biosurfactant type I, II) with the silica gel G60 column chromatography and the purified biosurfactant confirmed thin layer chromatography, high performed liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. The biosurfactant type I involved in carbohydrate-lipid-protein characteristics lowered surface tension of water to 27dyne/cm and interfacial tension 4.5dyne/cm aginst to n-hexadecane and the biosurfactant type B involved in carbohydrate lipid characteristics lowered surface tension of water to 30dyne/cm and interfacial tension 8dyne/cm against to n-hexadecane. Specially type I had the properties such as strong emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, pH-stability, thermo-stability, high cleaning activity and forming ability.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.209-213
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• 2014

The anti-melanogenic substance was isolated from the root of Angelica gigas Nakai by silica gel column chromatography, preparative HPLC and TLC. As a result of the structure analysis by mass, $^1H$-NMR, and $^{13}C$-NMR spectrometry, the compound was identified as demethylsuberosin. Demethylsuberosin reduced melanin contents of B16F1 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner and decreased to about 74% at a concentration $5{\mu}g/ml$. Demethylsuberosin inhibited the expression in microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) in melanocytes. These results suggest that the whitening activity of demethylsuberosin may be due to the inhibition of the melanin synthesis by down-regulation of MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 expression. Thus, our results provide evidence that demethylsuberosin might be useful as a potential skin-whitening agent.