• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.337-343
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• 1981

Growth duration and grain and silage yields of corn was studied at eight planting dates. Yield of com was similar among planting dates upto April 25 for grain and May 10 for silage, but it decreased as planting date was delayed after the critical planting date. The number of days from planting to silking varied from 108 to 52 days according to planting dates, but growing degree days (GDD) from planting to silking was similar regardless planting dates. Both the number of days and GDD from silking to physiological maturity was similar among the planting dates when corn was planted before the above critical planting dates. However, when corn was planted later than the critical planting dates, the number of days from silking to maturity was extended as planting was delayed although GDD was similar among the planting dates.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 1999

The objective of this research was to find a useful genetic information for yield characteristics of tillering maize hybrids. Fls were planted under three plant densities at the experimental field of Agricultural College of Chungnam National University. The fresh yield of P1213749//FR805/IK3, FR805/IK3//Waesungri and IK/LE/FR805/IK3 was 7,862kg/10a, 8,290kg/10a and 7,746kg/10a, respectively. The fresh yield of tillering maize hybrids was higher than that of P3394 hybrids. The dry matter yield of P3394 hybrid was 1,430kg/10a with low plant density(4,800p1an1s) and that of PI213749//FR805/IK3 was 1,834kg/10a, the dry weight of FR805/IK3//Waesungri was 1,836kg/10a and that of IK/LE/FR805/IK3 was 1,810kg/10a. Grain yields per 10a of IK/LE//FR805/IK3(783kg) was the highest in 4,800plants/10a, and that of check hybrid was higher than the tillering maize hybrids in 3,600plants/10a, but grain yield per 10a of IK/LE/FR805/IK3 was 752kg, and that of P1213749/Dangjin//IK/LE(699kg) was higher than P3394 hybrid(680kg) with 2,400plants/10a.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.310-313
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• 2009

A single cross, Pyeonganok, is an yellow flint-like maize hybrid (Zea mays L.) developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2008. This hybrid, which has a high yield of dry matter was produced by crossing two inbred lines, KS140 and KS94. KS140 is the seed parent and KS94 is the pollen parent of Pyeonganok. Silking date of Pyeonganok is 3 days later than that of check hybrid, Kwangpyeongok. Stay-green of Pyeonganok is not greatly different with that of Kwangpyeongok. It has resistance to lodging. It has moderately resistance to Bipolaris maydis (southern corn leaf blight), Exserohilum turcicum (northern corn leaf blight), and corn borer but sensitivity to black streaked dwarf virus (BSDV). Pyeonganok was evaluated for the yields of dry matter at four locations from 2006 to 2008. The yields of Pyeonganok in dry matter was 20.84 ton/ha. Seed production of Pyeonganok has gone well due to a good match during crossing between the seed parent, KS140 and the pollen parent, KS94 in Yeongwol.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1166-1173
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• 2010

Sixteen Mediterranean pluriparous buffaloes were subdivided into two uniform groups of eight animals. The average weight of the two groups at the start of the trial was 671.2 and 656.7 kg. The number of days from calving were 33.4 and 33.3, and the average milk production was 12.73 and 12.33 kg/d. The trial lasted for 114 days, and was divided into two sub-periods of 58 and 56 days. The two diets, administered ad libitum, had the same forage/concentrate ratio (53/47) but in their formulation the percentage of the two forages varied. Diet 1: alfalfa hay = 10%, maize silage = 43%, concentrate 1 = 47% (6.63 MJ/kg DM of net energy; 179.5 g/kg DM of crude protein). Diet 2: alfalfa hay = 20%, maize silage = 33%, concentrate 2 = 47%, (5.99 MJ/kg DM of net energy; 155.4 g/kg DM of crude protein). For the overall trial period (33-146 days in milk), the intake of dry matter was 17.23 kg/d for Group 1 and 17.29 kg/d for Group 2 and corresponded to 2.50 and 2.58% (p<0.01) of live weight. There was no significant difference between the average weight (689.7 and 669.4 kg) and the body condition score (6.49 and 6.42) of the two groups of buffaloes. Group 1 produced a greater quantity of milk (11.89 vs. 10.90 kg/d, p<0.10) of better quality both for its higher fat content (82.32 vs. 77.29 g/kg, p<0.10) and its protein content (47.36 and 46.38 g/kg). The milk produced by the buffaloes receiving Diet 1 had a better clotting ability, lower values of r (15.98 and 16.42 min) and K20 (1.66 and 1.75 min) and a higher value of A30 (54.45 and 52.73 mm). Taking into consideration the two sub-periods, milk production was significantly different only in the first sub-period (33-90 DIM), in favour of Group 1 (13.08 vs. 11.56 kg/d, p<0.05), while the positive effect of Diet 1 was cancelled out (10.71 and 10.24 kg/d) in the second part of the trial (91-146 DIM).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.95-95
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• 2022

Maize is one of the world's three largest crops and has a long cultivation history, and is an important crop used for various purposes such as food, feed, and industrial raw materials. Recently, the agricultural environment is changing, in which the limit of cultivation of crops is shifted to the north due to the rise in temperature due to climate change. This study was conducted in experimental field of Suwon in 2022 by setting a seeding period earlier than the sowing time to establish the North Korean agricultural climatic zone and meteorological conditions. The test cultivars were silage cultivars, Kwangpyeongok and Dacheongok. As a priming test method, it was used to directly plant seeds in the field through immersion using 4mM zinc (Zn) and 2.5mM manganese (Mn), which are trace elements for seeds. The planting season was early on March 15th, April 1st, and April 15th. The number of days from sowing to silk stage of the two cultivars sown on March 15, April 1, and April 15 was 107, 93, and 85 days for Kwangpyeongok and 109, 95, and 87 days for Dacheongok, respectively. The seed priming test did not show any difference from the control group in the growth survey up to the middle stage of growth. In another test, low-temperature recovery was confirmed through nitrogen (2-5%) foliar fertilization after 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days in refrigeration (0 degrees), a selective low temperature treatment for com in the third leaf stage. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the low-temperature damaged com treated at 0℃ showed the same growth as that of the untreated com through nitrogen foliar fertilization. These results suggest that urea foliar fertilization for low-temperature damage reduction of corn for silage in high-latitude climates will be helpful. In addition, through the results of the study, additional studies are needed on the recovery mechanism and field application through urea foliar fertilization.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2002

“DK 537”has been selected by forage crop breeding team at the National Livestock Research Institute(NLRI), RDA and has been determined by the Deliberative Council of the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation(NACF) in 2002, as a new recommended hybrid which is early maturing, good quality and hi호 yield of corn for silage. The characteristics of this hybrid are as follows ; 1. The seed coat is yellow and the mean of tasseling date is 5th of July, included in early maturing hybrid which is one day delayed than check cultivar, DK 501. The culm length is 246cm. It is resistant to lodging because of its low height from surface to ear. 2. DK 537 shows resistance to H. maydis and Maize Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus(MBSDV). It also shows strength to corn borer as much as DK 501 does. 3. Fresh yield. dry matter yield. and TDN per a ha are 50 tons, 16.9 tons, and 11.4 tons respectively. which are almost same yielding level of DK 501. Its percent ear to total dry matter is 50.8% at the same time. Through all these tests, we could make sure at DK 537 hybrid will be recommended as good forage crop.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.502-510
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to assess the use of peach pomace in total mixed ration (TMR) silages and clarify the differences in aerobic stability between TMR and TMR silages caused by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The TMR were prepared using peach pomace, alfalfa hay or Leymus chinensis hay, maize meal, soybean meal, cotton meal, limestone, a vitamin-mineral supplement, and salt in a ratio of 6.0:34.0:44.4:7.0:5.0:2.5:1.0:0.1 on a dry matter (DM) basis. Fermentation quality, microbial composition, and the predominant LAB were examined during ensiling and aerobic deterioration. The results indicated that the TMR silages with peach pomace were well fermented, with low pH and high lactic acid concentrations. The aerobic stability of TMR silages were significantly higher than that of TMR. Compared with TMR silages with alfalfa hay, TMR silage with Leymus chinensis hay was much more prone to deterioration. Although the dominant LAB were not identical in TMR, the same dominant species, Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus acidilactici, were found in both types of TMR silages after 56 d of ensiling, and they may play an important role in the aerobic stability of TMR silages.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.762-771
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• 2010

Two experiments were conducted to determine i) the fermentation characteristics of catfish by-product (C) ensiled with rice bran (RB) or sugarcane molasses (M) in different ratios, and ii) the digestibility of the silages in growing pigs. In the ensiling experiment, there were three ratios of C, ensiled with RB or M, of 8:2, 7:3 and 6:4 (wet basis for C and air-dry basis for RB and M). The six treatments were CRB8:2, CRB7:3, CRB6:4, CM8:2, CM7:3 and CM6:4, with 3 replications per treatment and seven sampling times. The pH of CRB7:3 and CRB6:4 decreased (p<0.05) from the first week and stayed stable until 8 weeks of ensiling, but the pH did not decrease in CRB8:2. The pH of CM8:2, CM7:3 and CM6:4 decreased rapidly from the first week until week 8. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) contents were slightly lower when catfish by-product was ensiled with RB than with M. Ammonia content in all treatments increased (p<0.05) during ensiling. Lactic acid content in silages with molasses increased from the first week, with the highest value at week 4. However, the lactic acid content in CRB8:2 did not increase with time and had the lowest value of all treatments. Acetic acid proportions of total volatile fatty acids were low at day 0, with the highest value at day 7, decreasing slowly until 8 weeks. The butyric acid proportion was highest at day 0 and decreased up to week 8. The proportion of propionic acid increased during ensiling. The digestibility experiment had a 4${\times}$4 Latin-square design and included 4 castrated crossbreed (Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace) male pigs fed four diets. The basal diet (BD) included rice bran, broken rice and maize meal, and the other three diets included fish meal (FMD) or catfish by-product ensiled with rice bran (CRBD) or sugarcane molasses (CMD). The silages chosen were those which gave the best results in the ensiling experiment for each additive. The coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of DM and organic matter (OM) was not significantly different among treatments. The CTTAD of CP was not different among the silage diets, but was lower in BD (p<0.01). The CTTAD of ether extract (EE) was higher in the catfish by-product silage diets than in FMD and BD. There was no significant difference in the digestibility of DM, OM, CP and EE between the fish meal and the by-product silages. In conclusion, catfish by-product can be successfully preserved by ensiling. Moreover, the total tract apparent digestibility of OM, CP and EE in ensiled catfish by-product was comparable with that of fish meal.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.489-494
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• 1993

The amount of maize being imported from other countries to meet the national demand are increasing every year. Regardless of the usage whether it is for silage or for human consumption, amount of seeds for farmers are ever being increased. In order to solve the problems arising from the seed import, a program for developing waxy hybrids with high quality was set up at the College of Agr., Chungnam National University. The main breeding targets for high quality waxy hybrids are focused on the pericarp thickness. In order to obtain basic information needed for developing hybrids with thin pericarp, six inbred lines all derived from open pollinated Korean waxy lines were diallel crossed. Results obtained indicate that waxy hybrids with thin pericarp can be developed by choosing proper parental lines. Of the six inbreds, Jewon inbred had utmost thin pericarp compared with other lines. Hybrids crossed with Jewon showed also thinner pericarp than other hybrids. However, Danyang which has thick pericarp showed thicker pericarp in hybrid combinations. Variance due to general combining abilities was greater than the variance due to the specific combining abilities, indicating that additive gene effects are more important. The pericarp thickness of waxy hybrid endosperm varied with the parts of pericarp. The germinal side of the pericarp is comparatively thinner than the abgerminal side. The upper part (crown) has thicker pericaip than lower part (tip) of the kernel.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.583-590
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• 1989

Increasing levels of ammonia-N in the rumen fluid used for in vitro incubation were achieved by supplementation of the ration of the donor cows with urea and by addition of urea either with or without glucose to the rumen fluid after collection. The ration of the donor animals consisted of wheat straw (80%) and maize silage (20%). During the second half of the experiment the basal ration was supplemented with a mineral mixture. Wheat straw, Guinea grass and two rice straw varieties were incubated with the various kinds of rumen fluid. Parameters studied were: solubility, apparent organic matter disappearance after 48 hours of incubation ($OMD_{48}$), rate of organic matter degradation from 0 to 24 hours of incubation ($k_1$) and from 24 to 95 hours ($k_2$). The concentration of ammonia-N in the rumen fluid at which 95% of the maximal $OMD_{48}$ and k1 were reached (88.2 and 100.0 mg/l) were independent of the feed. With regard to the $k_2$ the required ammonia-N concentration to reach 95% of the maximal $k_2$ differed per feed. Mineral supplementation increased the OMD48 and $k_1$, but not the solubility and $k_2$. Glucose addition in combination with urea had no beneficial effect compared to urea supplementation alone.