• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.395-406
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• 1996

This article aims, by analyzing structurally the codification of dress sign in Korean society, the signifying system of the codes and their message communicated, to make clear a signifying structure that would be codified through the relationship between abstract concepts and real condition of dress. I used the semiotic theory of Ferdinand de Saussure′s conception on structuralismly the codification, cultural semiology of Roland Barthes and Myung-Sook Han′s formula of dress structure as tools analyse may objective of wedding dress of folks in Choson Dynasty, which has been successive our traditional Korean wedding dress. My results of the study are : The procedure of wedding ceremony in Choson Dynasty was presented in texts like Juga-garye, Sarye-peonram and Kukjo-orye, its dress system has been more emphasized on language, and aspect of social system, than parole, one of individual realization. In addition, the meanings of marrage such as "Oneness of bride and bridegroom", "Mixture of two sexes", "Blessing of good luck", were included in the signified like the style, pattern and color of the wedding dress, and specially, pattern and color, the articulated morphemes, was emphasized, When we combinated terms of dress in Choson Dynasty with syntagmatic, regarding their list as paradigmatic, it will signify a wedding dress, and according to combinating ways, it amy be divided as sign of dresses of bride and bridgeroom by sex or king, gentry and common people by class. Wedding Dress in Choson Dynasty = [{ODx(U/Dxu/d)}+AC·H·FW].

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 2004

Chromium compounds are known human and animal carcinogens. In this study, the effects of sodium chromate on apoptosis and cell cycle were investigated in order to unveil the elements of early cellular responses to the metal. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells(CHO-K1-BH4), we found taht chromium (VI) treatment induced apoptosis in these cells, as signified by nuclear fragmentation, DNA laddering on agarose gel electrophoresis, and an increased proportionof cells with hypodiploid DNA. Preceding these changes, chromium (VI) treatment increased caspase 3 pritease activity and also increased expression of p53 protein, while the level of bcl2 protein was not changed. Coincubation with caspase inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, inhibited chromium-induced apoptosis. In the flow cytometric analysis using propidium iodide fluorescence, an increase of cell population in G2/M phase was shown in cells exposed to at least 160 $\mu\textrm{m}$ of sodium chromate for 72h, form 9.8% for 0$\mu\textrm{m}$ chromium (VI) to 26.4% for 320$\mu\textrm{m}$ chromium(VI). Taken together, these findings suggest that chromium(VI)-induced apoptosis is accompanied by G2/M cell cycle arrest, and that p53-mediated pathway may be involved in positive regulation of G2/M arrest and a concurred apoptosis in CHO cells.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2003

The reason why rhetoric is important to a moving image is that a moving image communicates through non-verbal communication language. At first, rhetoric in a moving image functions to be persuasive in the story of a moving image. Second, rhetoric works to enhance an aesthetic value for a moving image. Thus we feel good when we are watching a moving image with well embeded rhetoric. On the other hand, we see extened rhetoric to enhance an imaginary because of a hollywood movie with visual effect and a digital movie. Visual images now formed using more signigier compared to signified for signification. Also we see that every signifier structured metaphorically to function as a sign. In this paper, 1 am going to explain the principles of rhetoric applied to a moving image so that we can better understand a signification on visual image.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.9 no.4 s.29
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• pp.44-49
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• 2005

In this study, a process safety evaluation is implemented, in which the process hazards are investigated systematically about hydrogen production plants. Be used qualitative Safety management method such as HAZOP and FMEA. Were analysed potential hazards (human errors or operating failures of every processing steps) about parameters that flow, pressure, temperature of hydrogen production plants through HAZOP that making deviations applied signified guide words. Analysed to using FMEA mainly about bad components or troubles that equipments breakdown and malfunction in facilities and then propose its influences, and counterproposal.

• Architectural research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2006

Maximizing profit is the most significant object of commercial places. Especially for some places where its atmosphere is main concern of customers like $Caf{\acute{e}}s$, interior design is crucial. Thus it needs to evaluate human emotion and preference. Human Sensibility Ergonomics which is recently signified in various fields is an attempt to quantitatively analyze factors of human sensibility and apply it to design operation. This study attempted to infuse human sensibility ergonomics into $Caf{\acute{e}}$ interior design and analyzed preferable $Caf{\acute{e}}$ interior design factors. Because most $Caf{\acute{e}}s$ have their own target customers, so we assumed four different target customer groups divided by their age and gender groups in each age group. As a result, the difference of each group could be examined. Middle-aged group and males have main interest in the intensity of luminance, i.e. the brightness, whereas youths and females attach importance to both quality of light and color. In addition, there is a tendency for middle-aged group and males to see $Caf{\acute{e}}$ as a public place while young people and females recognize $Caf{\acute{e}}$ as a place for entertainment. Taking the result of this study into consideration can lead to successful $Caf{\acute{e}}$ interior design for specific target customers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.383-390
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• 2010

A newly isolated active producer of raw-starch-digesting amyloytic enzymes, Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis CICIM-CU F0088, was screened and identified by morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses. This fungus was isolated from the soil of Chinese glue pudding mill, and produced high levels of amylolytic activity under solid-state fermentation with supplementation of starch and wheat bran. Results of thin-layer chromatography showed there are two kinds of amyloytic enzymes formed by this strain, including one $\alpha$-amylase and two glucoamylases. It was found in the electron microscope experiments that the two glucoamylases can digest raw corn starch and have an optimal temperature of $70^{\circ}C$. These results signified that amyloytic enzymes secreted by strain Rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis CICIM-CU F0088 were types of thermostable amyloytic enzymes and able to digest raw corn starch.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.8
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• pp.11-38
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• 2006

Laotzu's view of language is well expressed at the beginning stanza of "道可道 非常道" of Tao De Ching, the interpretation of which is pivotal for the proper interpretation of the entire text. Two lines of interpretation of this stanza have been proposed; The first view regards the letter "道" in "非常道" as representing that which is signified by a sign. The other takes the posture that the letter "道" is itself the signifier of the sign. I argue in this article that the second posture should be taken to interpret Tao De Ching properly, contrary to the traditional interpretation of this stanza, by pointing out the verses which inevitably contradict each other when interpreted according to the first view. The second view leads to the conclusion that everyday language is not sufficient enough to describe the supernatural beings, including Tao, accurately, and seeks a way to augment ordinary language for appropriate description of such supernatural beings. The strategy Laotzu adopts in Tao De Ching is to expand the expressive power of ordinary language by extensive use of metaphors. This paper discerns 4 conceptual metaphors in the sense of Johnson and Lakoff(1980) which underlie the metaphors used in Tao De Ching: (1) Tao is Void; (2) Tao is Mother; (3) Tao is Valley; and (4) Tao is Untrimmed Log.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6105-6108
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• 2012

Background: The aim of this study was to examine knowledge about cancer and early diagnosis of cancer among nurses. Materials and Method: This descriptive study was carried out at a University Faculty of Medicine Hospital in Turkey. Study between April and June, 2011, with 325 volunteer nurses. The collection tool consisted of two survey forms. The first was designed for sociodemographic information and the second consisted of 16 questions, prepared in accordance with the literature as open and close-ended, for interviews conducted by researchers. Results: Out of the individuals (n=325), included in the study, 90.8% were female, 63.1% high school-university graduates and 55.1% married, with an average years of service of $6.34{\pm}5.33$ and an average age of $28.1{\pm}5.10$. The mean cancer knowledge point was $70.1{\pm}19.5$. Some 79.1% of nurses had not received cancer related continuing education by specialists. A signified relation was found between the nurse knowledge on cancer and educational level (p<0.05). Conclusions: The nurse, a member of the health staff, is in constant contact with individuals at hospitals, schools, polyclinics, workplaces, and homes. When educating society about cancer, nurses need to have a high level of knowledge regarding early diagnosis and cancer prevention.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2002

The diffusion characteristics of an ocean dumping material in the south-eastern East/Japan Sea related to regulate the physical characteristics with the observation and the hydraulic experiment are investigated. The main results are as follows; (1) Spying CTD observation result of the area of Jung in the East/Japan Sea, the ocean dumping area had influenced the Tsushima Warm Current of high temperature and salinity. Horizontal turbulent diffusivity is 1.913$\times$10$^{7}$ by drogue tracking. (2) From the experiment of settling, the initial settling velocity of each material is 1.0~2.7 cm/sec according to the specific gravity and initial concentration. In the pycnocline, particles didn't settle under the pycnocline any more and accumulated. It is signified that calculation of the sedimentation rate of the ocean dumping material including of vertical diffusion must be regard the pynocline in the ocean area have well-developed pycnocline. (3) Vertical turbulent diffusivity were 2.219$\times$10$^{-8}$ ~8.874$\times$10$^{-4}$ cm$^2$/sec from the experiment of settling. And, the pycnocline influenced the vertical turbulent diffusivity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Costume Conference
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• 2001.08a
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• pp.59-61
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• 2001

Along with the development of culture, dress of the Chinese people has also evolved over the last several thousand years, transcending its original functions of covering and protecting the body. As a result it has risen to become a complicated system of symbols full of intricate meanings. According to de Saussure's theory of "signs," signs are represented by the elements signified (meaning) (referent) and signifiant (sound) (exponent). "Phoenix crowns" were the headpieces most highly esteemed by women in ancient China. Actually, the name "phoenix crown" points to the fact that the headpiece is adorned with a phoenix design. The history and symbolism of the phoenix crown's use as a headpiece in Chinese weddings spans 1200 years in all, originating in the Qin Dynasty (241-210 BC) as a phoenix hairpin, evolving into the phoenix crown during the Song Dynasty (960-1276 AD), and continuing through the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911 AD), and the modem republic. It is not simply an ornamental headpiece, but instead represents the thousands of years or rich inner meaning the Chinese attribute to "dragons" and "phoenixes." This paper depicts the glorious past of phoenix crowns, using the metaphor and metonymy theories of semiology and semantics, and through the cross-verification of literature research archeological findings and reports, and old Chinese wedding photographs, in order to examine the inherent meanings of the phoenix crown in the Chinese culture.nings of the phoenix crown in the Chinese culture.