• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 1996

This study has been peformed on the consumption tendency, and knowledge and cognition of credit cards among college students. A total of 327 subjects from the college students was surveyed in Pusan area. The major findings of this study were summerized as follows; First, the rate of credit card possession of the students was 19.6%. The card possession showed significantly different in age, personal expense, income. Second, the level of knowledge of the credit card was low(23.1 points). Also, the level of knowledge was significantly different in sex, age, major, personal expense, income and credit card ownership. Third, the cognition of credit cards was medium(51.3 points). The cognition of the credit cards was significantly different only in the card possession. Fourth, the behavior of credit card was not significantly different in the group. Fifth, there were significant relationships between the knowlege and cognition. This result implied that the group with higer levels of knowlege tended to show more favor of credit cards. For the rational consumption of the college students, the students need to be educated about advantage and disadvantages of the credit cards.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescents' maladjustment in terms of type and source of social support. The main results of this study were as follows; 1. In social support source the mean score of peer support was higher than family support. In social support type the mean score of expressive support was higher than other support type. 2. Social support source was found significantly different according to sex of the children educational level of the father and mother. Malajustment were found significantly different according to sex of the children educational level of the father and mother income and marital satisfaction of the mother. 3. In social support source it was significantly different according to all maladjustment subscale in family support and to over-anxiousness social withdrawal and hyperactivity in peer support. In social support type it was significantly different according to over-anxiousness and social withdrawal in expressive support to socia withdrawal over-anxiousness hyperactivity and delinquency in esteem support and to over-anxiounsness in informational support.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze kinematic variables according to ground slope angle during golf putting. Method: 26 collegiate golfers (age: 22.54±2.15 kg, height: 174.64±6.07 cm, weight: 71.35±9.27 kg, handicap: 5.11±4.50) were participated, and 8 motion capture cameras (250 Hz), Nexus, and Kwon3DXP software were used to collect data. It was performed repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni adjustment. Alpha set at .05. Results: Body alignments were not significantly different at address. Putter head trajectory and loft angle were significantly different, and AP direction of acceleration of putter head was significantly different. However, ML and SI direction of acceleration of putter head were not significantly different. Conclusion: Therefore, it was identified that ground slope angle was affected the kinematic variables during putting, and it will be performed that correlation analysis between putting success rate and kinematic variables according to ground slope angle during golf putting.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.59-75
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• 2002

Aerodynamic analysis study was performed on 14 normal subjects (2 males, 12 females) with nonsense syllables composed of Korean bilabial stops (/p, p', $p^{h}$) and their preceding and/or following vowels, /i, a, u/. That is, [pi, p'i, $p^{h}i$, pa, p'a, $p^{h}a$, pu, p'u, $p^{h}u$, ipi, apa, upu, $ip^{h}i$, $ap^{h}a$, $up^{h}u$, ip'i, ap'a, up'u]. All measures were taken and analysed using Aerophone II voice function analyzer and included peak air pressure, mean air pressure, maximum flow rate, volume, mean SPL and phonatory SPL. A t-test and one-way ANOVA were employed for analysis. A post-hoc analysis was performed with Scheffe and Bonferroni. The results were as follows: First, MSPL. and MAP of /p, p', $p^{h}$/ were significantly different in different positions (initial and medial position). In addition, different vowel environment also produced significantly different aerodynamic characteristics those consonants. Especially the lax consonant /p/ was significantly different /i, a, u/ vowel environments. The tense consonant /p'/ was significantly different only /i/ vowel environment.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2018

Differences in in vivo virulence and in sensitivity to drugs among different isolates of Miamiensis avidus were analyzed. The isolate III showed the highest resistance against the scuticocidal activity of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) serum, and induced the highest mortalities of olive flounder fingerlings. The isolate II showed significantly higher serum resistance than the isolate I, but in vivo virulence of isolate II was not significantly different from that of isolate I. The secreted proteinases activity of isolate III was significantly higher than that of isolate I and II, and the activity was significantly reduced by the addition of E-64, a cysteine proteinases inhibitor. There were no differences among isolates in the sensitivity to doxycycline, however, there were significant differences in sensitivities to mebendazole and bithionol. These results suggest that the different characteristics of different M. avidus isolates should be taken into consideration for the development of control measures against scuticociliatosis.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.169-184
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of breathing biofeedback training on the stress of nursing students in clinical practice. The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 39 nursing students from the College of Nursing of K University. The study was conducted from July 20 to September 3, 1998. The subjects were assigned to one of two groups : the experimental group (19 students), and the control group (20 students). The breathing biofeedback training was performed 12 times with the experimental group. The level of psychological stress was measured using the State Anxiety Inventory, Profile of Mood State, and Visual Analogue Stress Scale. The level of physiological stress was measured using pulse rate and blood pressure. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, t-test, and repeated measures of ANOVA. The results of study are as follows : 1) State anxiety scores were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training. 2) Profile of mood state scores were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training. 3) Visual Analogue Stress Scale scores were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training(F=11.68, p=0.002). 4) Pulse rates were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training. 5) Systolic blood pressures were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training(F=5.44, p=0.025). 6) Diastolic blood pressures were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training. On the basis of the above findings, the following recommendations for further study are made ; 1) Identification of the effects of breathing biofeedback training at times of high stress during clinical practice. 2) Identification fo the effects of stress reduction according to the frequency of the breathing biofeedback training.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.157-178
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• 1997

1. Only 6 libraries(23.1%) among 26 surveyed libraries have a person or part in charge of continuing education. It means that the method to select education program and education object is systemless. The 19 libraries (73.1%) encourage continuing education of librarian. 2. Compared with the group who didn't receive a formal education, the group who received have a high degree in the grade of confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for job in Internet education case. And the group that received a formal education have also a high degree in the grade of ability for job in OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction for job in the carreer is significantly different according to the formal education in Internet education case and OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for Sob in the scholarship are significantly different according to the formal education in internet and computer OA education case 3. Compared with the group that didn't receive periodical education the group that received periodical education have a high degree in the grade of confidence, self-satisfaction for Job in internet education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for job in the carreer are significantly different according to the periodical education in OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for businessin in the scholarship are significantly different according to the periodical education in internet and OA education case. 4. Compared with the group that didn't receive self-education the group that received self-education have a high degree in the grade of confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for job in internet and OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for Job in the carreer are significantly different according to the self education in internet and OA education case. Confidence, self-satisfaction and ability for Job in the scholarship are significantly different according to the self-education in internet and OA education case.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different objects and target location of dominant hand on the non-dominant hand movement kinematics in a bimanual reaching task. Fifteen right-handed volunteers were asked to reach from same starting point to the different target point of right and left hand with grasping the objects of different size. Independent variables were 1) three different object types (small mug cup, name pen, and PET bottle), and 2) three different target locations (shorter distance, same distance, and longer distance than the non-dominant hand) of the dominant hand. Dependent variables were movement time (MT), movement distance (MD), movement mean velocity ($MV_{mean}$), and movement peak velocity ($MV_{peak}$) of the non-dominant hand. Repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in the non-dominant hand movement kinematics during bimanual reaching. The results of this study were as follows: 1) MT of the non-dominant hand was increased significantly when traveling with grasping the mug cup and reaching the far target location, and was decreased significantly when traveling with grasping the PET bottle and reaching the near target location of the dominant hand. 2) MD of the non-dominant hand was significantly increased during reaching the far target location, and significantly decreased during reaching the near target location with dominant hand. 3) $MV_{mean}$ of the non-dominant hand was increased significantly when traveling with grasping the PET bottle, and was decreased significantly when traveling with grasping the mug cup of the dominant hand. Therefore, it can be concluded that the changes of the ipsilateral hand movement have influence on coupling of the contralateral hand movement in bimanual reaching.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of between modified mulligan technique and modified mulligan technique with taping on the active range of motion & passive range of motion, scapula index into the stroke patients. Methods: The subjects with stroke were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=9) was conducted modified mulligan technique and Group 2 (n=9) was conducted modified mulligan technique with taping week three times for 4weeks. Active range of motion (AROM), passive range of motion (PROM) and scapula index (SI) were measured by goniometer and tape measure. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare differences before and after intervention. Mann-Whitney U-test were conducted to compare before to after intervention in the two groups. Results: AROM was significantly different both groups (p<.05) and between groups were not significantly different into pre and post intervention (p>.05). PROM was significantly different both groups (p<.05) however, between groups were not significantly different into pre and post intervention (p>.05). SI was significantly different only group 2 and between groups were not significantly different (p>.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated effective bo-th modified mulligan technique and modified mulligan technique with taping on the active range of motion and passive range of motion. Because only modified mulligan technique with taping are effective on the scapula index we recommend modified mulligan technique with taping than modified mulligan technique.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.498-510
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum occlusal force implant prostheses to natural teeth. Material and Method: Fifty nine patients treated either with $Br{\aa}anemark$ implants and ITI implants during the recent ten years were involved in this study. The maximum occlusal force were measured with unilateral bite force recorder and dental prescale system. Results: 1. The maximum occlusal forces of the implant prostheses and natural teeth were not significantly different where measured with unilateral bite force recorder and dental prescale system. 2. The maximum occlusal forces were not significantly different between $Br{\aa}nemark$ implant and ITI implant prostheses. 3. The maximum occlusal forces of the implant prostheses had lower when compared with natural teeth during 1-6 months functional periods when measured with the unilareral bite force recorder(P<0.05) and 1-12 months functional periods when measured with the dental prescale system(P<0.05). After these periods there was not statistical significant difference between the implant prostheses and natural teeth. 4. The maximum occlusal forces of the wide diameter implant prostheses were higher than the maximum occlusal forces of the regular diameter implant prostheses when measured with dental prescale system(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the wide diameter and the regular diameter implant prostheses when measured with unilateral bite force recorder. 5. The maximum occlusal forces of the single implant prostheses were not significantly different with the splinting implants prostheses. 6. The maximum occlusal forces of the implant prostheses were not significantly different by age and sex. 7. There was significantly different between maximum occlusal forces measured with unilateral bite force recorder and dental prescale system(P<0.0001) but there was positive correlation(r=0.52. P<0.05). Conclusion: The maximum occlusal forces of the implant prostheses were not significantly different to natural teeth during clenching and unilateral maximum biting.