• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2021

The appointment of medical officials during the Joseon Dynasty was conducted through medical testing. To date, most of the research done on these tests has focused on the testing system and its formal qualities without any study of actual test cases. This paper considers the significance of the medical examination format and contents through a test paper contained in the book "Joseonuihaksageupjilbyeongsa (朝鮮醫學史及疾病史)" by MikiSakae (三木榮). The literature confirms that the medical exam paper is the same format as "Gangji (講紙)," and that the test format called "Gangseo (講書)" is a very high-level test. Therefore, analysis of the case suggests that the format of the medical examination reflects the demand for high-quality medical learning for applicants. This consideration is meaningful because existing medical test papers are very rare.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.13.1-13.7
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• 2015

Background: This study evaluated Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP), Quantitative sensory testing (QST), and thermography as diagnostic methods for nerve injury. Methods: From 2006 through 2011, 17 patients (mean age: 50.1 years) from ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Hospital who sought care for altered sensation after dental implant treatment were identified. The mean time of objective assessment was 15.2 months after onset. Results: SEP of Inferior alveolar nerve(IAN) was $15.87{\pm}0.87ms$ on the normal side and $16.18{\pm}0.73ms$ on the abnormal side. There was delayed N20 latency on the abnormal side, but the difference was not statistically significant. In QST, the abnormal side showed significantly higher scores of the current perception threshold at 2 KHz, 250 Hz, and 5 Hz. The absolute temperature difference was $0.55^{\circ}C$ without statistically significance. Conclusion: These results indicate that QST is valuable as an objective method for assessment of nerve injury.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.431-434
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• 2012

The paper reviews properties of hypothesis decision approaches using rejection region and significance probability. The study also presents the guidelines for quality practioners to implement most useful hypothesis testing techniques such as RR(Rejection Region) approach and P-Value approach.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.513-520
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• 2012

An Agresti-Coull type test is considered for the difference of binomial proportions in two doubly sampled data subject to false-positive error. The performance of the test is compared with the likelihood-based tests. It is shown that the Agresti-Coull test has many desirable properties in that it can approximate the nominal significance level with compatible power performance.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.34 no.E
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• pp.60-69
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• 1992

The research significance of the paper is to identify the major properties of synthetic lightweight concrete that are affected by ASR expansion and to determine the extent and magnitude of the loss in these properties. Emphasis is also given to the use of non-destructive testing techniques ; Such as dynamic modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity, to examine whether these methods could be used to identify the initiation of expansion and the internal structural damage caused by ASR.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.43-48
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• 2022

A prenatal chromosomal microarray (CMA) is generally recommended when a major anomaly is suspected on prenatal ultrasonography. As it can overcome the limitations of conventional karyotyping, it is expected that the number of prenatal CMA test requests will gradually increase. However, given the specificity of prenatal diagnosis, there are practical considerations compared to postnatal testing, such as the validation of prenatal specimens, maternal cell contamination, precautions when reporting variants of uncertain significance, and the need for comprehensive genetic counseling considering secondary findings. The purpose of this article is to provide necessary information to health care providers in consideration of these issues and to provide appropriate genetic counseling to patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.377-383
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• 2023

Objectives: Korea and Japan have managed the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using markedly different policies, referred to as the "3T" and "3C" strategies, respectively. This study examined these differences to assess the roles of active testing and contact tracing as non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We compared the proportion of unlinked cases (UCs) and test positivity rate (TPR) as indicators of tracing and testing capacities. Methods: We outlined the evolution of NPI policies and investigated temporal trends in their correlations with UCs, confirmed cases, and TPR prior to the Omicron peak. Spearman correlation coefficients were reported between the proportion of UCs, confirmed cases, and TPR. The Fisher r-to-z transformation was employed to examine the significance of differences between correlation coefficients. Results: The proportion of UCs was significantly correlated with confirmed cases (r=0.995, p<0.001) and TPR (r=0.659, p<0.001) in Korea and with confirmed cases (r=0.437, p<0.001) and TPR (r=0.429, p<0.001) in Japan. The Fisher r-to-z test revealed significant differences in correlation coefficients between the proportion of UCs and confirmed cases (z=16.07, p<0.001) and between the proportion of UCs and TPR (z=2.12, p=0.034) in Korea and Japan. Conclusions: Higher UCs were associated with increases in confirmed cases and TPR, indicating the importance of combining testing and contact tracing in controlling COVID-19. The implementation of stricter policies led to stronger correlations between these indicators. The proportion of UCs and TPR effectively indicated the effectiveness of NPIs. If the proportion of UCs shows an upward trend, more testing and contact tracing may be required.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-35
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• 2017

The method of weighted sum of evaluation using AHP is widely used in feasibility analysis and alternative selection. Final scores are given in forms of weighted sums and the alternative with largest score is selected. With two alternatives, as in feasibility analysis, the final score greater than 0.5 gives the selection but there remains a question that how large is large enough. KDI suggested a concept of 'grey area' where scores are between 0.45 and 0.55 in which decisions are to be made with caution, but it lacks theoretical background. Statistical testing was introduced to answer the question in some studies. It was assumed some kinds of probability distribution, but did not give the validity on them. We examine the various cases of weighted sum of evaluation score and show why the statistical testing has to be introduced. We suggest a non-parametric testing procedure which does not assume a specific distribution. A case study is conducted to analyze the validity of our suggested testing procedure. We conclude our study with remarks on the implication of analysis and the future way of research development.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.104-116
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• 2009

Objectives: This experimental study was designed to show the relationship between kidney qi deficiency and hypoadrenia. A comparative study between Sa-am and local area acupuncture stimulation was conducted. The test results help to show the relationship between kidney qi deficiency and hypoadrenia as well as the recuperation of the patient with the use of VAS, ROM, Sch ber test, ODI and salivary cortisol testing. Methods: 1. Twenty-four adults with chronic low back pain were recruited. Once selected the test population was divided into two different groups. One group was treated only with the use of local area acupuncture and the other with Sa-am acupuncture. 2. At the completion of each acupuncture treatment both groups underwent a VAS, ROM, ODI, $Sch{\ddot{o}}ber$ Test and salivary cortisol test. Results: 1. Both the Sa-am acupuncture group and the local area acupuncture group had statistical significance in VAS decrease and flection ROM increase. 2. Only the Sa-am acupuncture group had statistical significance in extension ROM increase. Only the local area acupuncture group had statistical significance in both lateral flection ROM increase and ODI test. 3. There was statistical significance of correlation between morning salivary cortisol test and adrenal fatigue questionnaire. Conclusions: Both local area acupuncture as well as Sa-am acupuncture treatments were effective for treating lower back pain caused by kidney qi deficiency. In addition, each patients recuperation level can be verified with the results seen from the salivary cortisol test results. The cortisol results suggest a similarity between kidney qi deficiency and hypoadrenia.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8145-8147
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• 2016

Background: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) feature a wide variety of cervical cells, including benign and malignant examples. The management of ASCUS is complicated. Guidelines for office gynecology in Japan recommend performing a high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) test as a rule. The guidelines also recommend repeat cervical cytology after 6 and 12 months, or immediate colposcopy. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of ASCUS. Materials and Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2014, a total of 162 patients underwent cervical conization for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3), carcinoma in situ, squamous cell carcinoma, microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma in situ at our hospital. The results of cervical cytology prior to conization, the pathology after conization, and high-risk HPV testing were obtained from clinical records and analyzed retrospectively. Results: Based on cervical cytology, 31 (19.1%) of 162 patients were primarily diagnosed with ASCUS. Among these, 25 (80.6%) were positive for high-risk HPV, and the test results of the remaining 6 patients (19.4%) were uncertain. In the final pathological diagnosis after conization, 27 (87.1%) and 4 patients (12.9%) were diagnosed with CIN3 and carcinoma in situ, respectively. Conclusions: Although ASCUS is known as a low-risk abnormal cervical cytology, approximately 20% of patients who underwent cervical conization had ASCUS. The relationship between the cervical cytology of ASCUS and the final pathological results for CIN3 or invasive carcinoma should be investigated statistically. In cases of ASCUS, we recommend HPV tests or colposcopic examination rather than cytological follow-up, because of the risk of missing CIN3 or more advanced disease.