• 천문학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2015

We use a volume-limited sample of quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7 quasar catalog to identify quasar groups and address their statistical significance. This quasar sample has a uniform selection function on the sky and nearly a maximum possible contiguous volume that can be drawn from the DR7 catalog. Quasar groups are identified by using the Friend-of-Friend algorithm with a set of fixed comoving linking lengths. We find that the richness distribution of the richest 100 quasar groups or the size distribution of the largest 100 groups are statistically equivalent with those of randomly-distributed points with the same number density and sky coverage when groups are identified with the linking length of $70h^{-1}Mpc$. It is shown that the large-scale structures like the huge Large Quasar Group (U1.27) reported by Clowes et al. (2013) can be found with high probability even if quasars have no physical clustering, and does not challenge the initially homogeneous cosmological models. Our results are statistically more reliable than those of Nadathur (2013), where the test was made only for the largest quasar group. It is shown that the linking length should be smaller than $50h^{-1}Mpc$ in order for the quasar groups identified in the DR7 catalog not to be dominated by associations of quasars grouped by chance. We present 20 richest quasar groups identified with the linking length of $70h^{-1}Mpc$ for further analyses.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this clinical research was to analyze the correlation between disease severity and disease specific quality of life adjusted by general quality of life measure in adult patients with atopic dermatitis attending Wonkwang Univ. Sanbon Oriental Medical Center. Methods : A total of 35 patients participated in atopic dermatitis clinical trial from June 1st, 2010 to June 30th, 2011 were included in this study. SCORing Atopic Dermatitis(SCORAD) index, Dermatologic Life Quality Index(DLQI), Health Utility Index III(HUI-III) and EuroQoL 5-Dimension(EQ-5D) have been estimatied. Baseline statistical analysis and normality test were done by using Student t-test, Shapiro-Wilk test and ladder test. Pearson analysis and Spearman analysis were conducted to examined the correlation of each variables. Hierachial regression analysis was performed using related variables. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5%. Results : There were statistically significance between DLQI and SCORAD index, and also between DLQI and EQ-5D. However there was no significant between DLQI and HUI-III. In the hierachial regression analysis, after adjusting for demographic variables (gender, age) and general quality of life (EQ-5D), SCORAD index significantly predict the intensity of disease specific quality of life (DLQI). Conclusions : We confirmed the correlation between SCORAD index and DLQI, and developed the inference for regression equation of DLQI using SCORAD index, EQ-5D and demographic variables.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.615-620
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• 2008

공업실험에서는 주효과의 검정력을 높일 목적으로 교호작용효과에 대한 예비검정의 결과가 유의하지 않은 경우에, 이 효과를 오차항으로 풀링한 후에 주효과의 유의성을 검정하는 때때로 풀링 (Sometimes pooling)의 분석 방법을 사용한다. 이 소고에서는 때때로 풀링의 규칙에 관한 참고문헌의 내용을 정리하고, 블록효과가 오차항으로 풀링되었다는 사실이 알려 졌을 때에 독립표본에 의한 모평균의 차이에 대한 95% 신뢰구간의 길이가 쌍체비교에 의한 신뢰구간의 길이보다 짧을 확률을 다양한 예비검정의 유의수준 ${\alpha}_1$값과 충분한 검정력이 보장되지 않은 블록의 크기인 $2{\leq}n{\leq}13$ 범위에서 살펴보았는데, 그 결과는 풀링한 경우에 주효과에 대한 검정력이 높아진다는 사실을 뒷받침하고 있다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.403-414
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• 2009

Objectives : This research aimed at investigating middle school students' knowledge and behavior of oral hygiene according to the knowledge level of parents on this ground, provide basic data for establishing a more effective school and home oral hygiene education program for students. Methods : Students were selected from four secondary schools in J city by convenience sampling, which is non probability sampling; then, the final analysis was performed on 272 self-administered questionnaires. For statistical analysis, SPSS 10.0 for Windows was used to carry out frequency analysis and chi-square test at the 0.05 significance level in determining statistical significance. Results : 1. 50.0% had periodontal disease caused by 'weak periodontal', in the case of the father of academic ability was middle school graduated. 2. Showed lowly what is behavior prevention as regularly oral examination for the oral health, in the case of the parents's academic ability was low(in the case of the mother's academic ability was middle school graduated, 34.5% received regular oral examination every three months). 3. In the case of, the father and mother of academic ability was middle school graduated showed 50%, 44.8% about the teeth never important in the life. 4. In the case of, the father and mother of academic ability was middle school graduated showed 37.5%, 31.0% about time for the tooth brushing is under 1 minute per one time. Conclusions : It's very important for middle school student's oral health that the oral health education and oral hygiene attitude in their home. especially middle school student's attitude was controlled by parents' knowledge level. This like basic data will be useful in establishing program of school oral health and individual oral hygiene attitude in their home.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 1997

Objectives: Calcification of the thyroid nodule has been reported to have a close relationship with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, however there are limited studies on the relationship between the calcified thyroid nodule and thyroid malignancy. The authors studied the clinical significance of calcification within the thyroid nodule. Materials and Methods: There were total of 60 patients who underwent surgery for calcified thyroid nodules which were identified from plain neck X-ray, ultrasound and computed tomography during the period January 1991 to June 1996 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of Korea University Hospital. Six patients were not included because of recurrence and previous thyroid surgery. Histopathologic and radiologic analysis was done on the remaining 54 patients. Results: Results showed that 25 of 54 cases(46%) to be malignant histopathologically. Of the 25 malignant cases, papillary carcinoma was the most common with 22 cases followed by 2 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma and I case of medullary carcinoma. Statistically high incidence of malignancy was observed when the consistency of calcified thyroid nodule was solid, shape of calcification was irregular and inhomogenous, and adhesion of calcified thyroid nodule to the regional structure was present. Conclusion: The probability that a thyroid nodule is malignant has been reported to be 3­20%. However, about half of the thyroid nodules with calcification found to be malignant on this study, calcification of the thyroid nodule can be used as a guideline for detecting thyroid malignancy.

• 논리연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-67
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• 2017

이 글에서 필자는, 선언 인과(disjunctive cause)를 위한 사토리오(Satorio 2006)의 논증을 비판적으로 검토하고 평가한 후, 사토리오가 선언 인과로 의도한 바를 우리의 직관에 더 잘 부합하는 인과 구조로 보여주고자 한다. 우선, 선언 원인을 주장하는 사토리오의 논증을 소개한다. 다음으로, 이 논증에 가능한 반론들에 대한 사토리오의 응답과 그 논증에서 필자가 새롭게 주목하는 문제를 논의한다. 마지막으로, 사토리오가 선언 원인의 근거로 제시한 인과 구조를, 조절 효과 변수와 인과 상호작용 그리고 확률 궤적으로 해명한다. 결과 사건과 관련하여 원인 사건과 조절 효과의 인과 상호작용, 그리고 결과 사건의 비결정성이 갖는 의미와 역할을 본다. 이들 논의를 통해 선언 원인 사건에 대한 사토리오의 해명보다 필자의 해명이 우리의 직관에 더 부합하며, 또한 인과적 책임을 행위자에게 할당하는 데에 더 설득적임을 보여준다. 이 글에서 필자의 핵심 주장은 다음과 같다. 선언 인과 구조는 사토리오가 주장하는 것과 다르게 해명해야 한다. 선언 원인 사건이 아니라, 사건들이 결과 사건에 연결될 성향들이 있는 데 이들 성향의 선언 관계가 있다. 인과적 책임을 행위자에게 부여하려면, 인과 사건의 비결정성에 주목해야 한다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 우리나라의 치수경제성 분석에 있어 계량화되지 않은 토지이용고도화 편익 효과를 치수안전도와 더불어 분석하고자 하였다. 토지이용고도화는 치수사업시행으로 해당지역의 치수안전도 향상에 따른 토지가치의 상승을 말하는데, 특정지역의 토지가치를 가장 객관적으로 표현할 수 있는 공시지가를 근거로 분석을 수행하였다. 치수사업시행에 의한 편익의 효과와 하천 특성에 따른 지가변동률이 통계적으로 유의성이 있는지 분산분석을 통해 검증하였으며, 토지이용가치의 상승을 순연평균지가변동률로 나타내었다. 치수안전도는 홍수피해 잠재성과 홍수방어능력으로 구분하였는데 홍수피해 잠재성은 도시화율에 따라 구분하였고, 홍수방어능력은 홍수량의 빈도해석과 불확실성을 고려하여 조건부 비초과확률로 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 소도시 지역을 대상으로 200년 빈도의 홍수사상에 대해 10년, 50년 설계빈도로 건설된 제방의 조건부 비초과확률을 산정하여 지가변동률의 추이를 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 소도시 지역에서는 조건부 비초과확률이 10%정도 상승했을 때 순연평균지가변동률이 5배정도 상승함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 기존의 현지조사 및 항공영상을 통하여 해안선 측량의 인력낭비와 경제적 손실이 발생하게 되고 이를 최소화하기 위하여 약최고고조면의 표준 해안선으로부터 추출한 포인트와 다양한 국내외 위성영상(다목적실용위성 3호, SPOT-5, Landsat-8, Quickbird-2)에서 얻어진 각 영상별 디지타이징 포인트를 활용하여 광범위의 효율적인 해안선을 추출하기 위한 디지타이징을 실시하여 정확도 비교 분석을 실행한다. 약최고고조면의 표준 해안선의 포인트들과 각 위성별 해안선의 차이 값은 다목적실용위성 3호, Quickbird-2, SPOT-5, Landsat-8의 순서로 작게 나타났다. 다목적실용위성 3호와 Quickbird-2 간의 유의성 검증을 통하여 유의확률(양쪽)(significant probability (2-tailed))이 유의수준 1%에서 통계적으로 의미가 있는 값으로 나타났다. 그러므로 효율적인 해안선 추출을 위해서는 고해상도의 위성영상이 필요하고 영상 획득이 용이하면서 가격이 저렴한 다목적실용위성 3호를 사용한다면 국가의 자력으로 가장 효율적인 해안선 추출이 가능하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2013

Background: Significance of HPV infection and genic mutation of APC and K-ras in rectal cancer has been investigated but not clarified. The objective of our study was to investigate these parameters in patients with rectal cancer to analyze correlations with biological behaviour, to determine relationships among the three, and also to demonstrate survival prognosis effects. Methods: From December 2007 to September 2008, 75 rectal cancer cases confirmed by histopathology in the Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled. The control group consisted of normal rectal mucous membrane taken simultaneously, a least 10 cm distant from the carcinoma fringe. HPV DNA, the MCR of APC and exon-1 of K-ras were detected by PCR and PCR-SSCP. All results were analyzed in relation to clinical pathological material, using chi-square and correlation analysis via SPSS.13 and Fisher's Exact Probability via STATA. 9.0. All 75 patients were followed up for survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank tests. Results: 55 out of 75 cases demonstrated gene HPV L1 while it was notdetected in normal rectal mucosa tissue. HPV infection was correlated with age and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05) but not other characteristics, such as ethnicity, tumor size, histological type, tumor type, Duke's stage and infiltration depth. Some 43 cases exhibited APC genic mutation (57.3%) and 34 K-ras genic mutation (45.3%). APC genic mutation was correlated with gender(P<0.05), but not age, histological type, infiltration depth, lymphatic metastasis and Duke's stage. In 55 cases of rectal cancer with HPV infection, there were 31 cases with genic mutation of APC (56.4%) and 24 with genic mutation of K-ras (43.6%). For the 20 cases of rectal cancer with non-HPV infection, the figures were 12 cases (60%) and 10 (50.0%), respectively, with no significant relation. Survival analysis showed no statistical significance for K-ras genic mutation, APC genic mutation or HPV infection (P>0.05). However, the survival time of the patients with HPV infection was a little shorter than in cases without HPV infection. Conclusions: Our results suggest that HPV infection might be an important factor to bring about malignant phenotype of rectal cancer and influence prognosis. Genic mutation of APC and K-ras might be common early molecular events of rectal cancer, but without prognostic effects on medium-term or early stage patients with rectal cancer.

• 한국정보관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보관리학회 2002년도 추계학술발표논집
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• pp.23-65
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• 2002

This study is to consider varying factors of internal/external informational and operational environments in libraries, and develop a new evaluation indicators for university libraries in digital environments. In order to do this research, the previous works have been investigated, and the Delphi study and our own analysis have been performed. The main research results are as follows. First, the results through the Delphi method that was to adopted to verify evaluation items and indicators determined by the literature review show that the repressed values for each evaluation category is greater than 3.00. overall average is 4.02. and standard deviation is ranged from 0.40 to 0.62 for each category. This means that the evaluation indicators are valid. Second, the factor analysis was performed to verify the construct validity of evaluation indicators. As a result. the cumulative variance of evaluation indicators consisting of 11 dimensions per factor is 72.733%. In turn, this result shows that the validity of these indicators is very reliable. Third, t-test and one way ANOVA are performed within significance probability 0.05 in order to verify differences in each librarians point of views for the degree of importance in evaluation indicators. The results show that these evaluation indicators are verified to be appropriate since there is no significant difference. Based on the Delphi study and our own analysis. we developed a new evaluation indicators that consists of 7 evaluation categories, 35 evaluation items, and 92 evaluation indicators.