• 대한수학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.853-868
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• 2015

Let G be a complex semisimple simply connected linear algebraic group. The main result of this note is to give several equivalent criteria for the untwistedness of the twisted cubes introduced by Grossberg and Karshon. In certain cases arising from representation theory, Grossberg and Karshon obtained a Demazure-type character formula for irreducible G-representations as a sum over lattice points (counted with sign according to a density function) of these twisted cubes. A twisted cube is untwisted when it is a "true" (i.e., closed, convex) polytope; in this case, Grossberg and Karshon's character formula becomes a purely positive formula with no multiplicities, i.e., each lattice point appears precisely once in the formula, with coefficient +1. One of our equivalent conditions for untwistedness is that a certain divisor on the special fiber of a toric degeneration of a Bott-Samelson variety, as constructed by Pasquier, is basepoint-free. We also show that the strict positivity of some of the defining constants for the twisted cube, together with convexity (of its support), is enough to guarantee untwistedness. Finally, in the special case when the twisted cube arises from the representation-theoretic data of $\lambda$ an integral weight and $\underline{w}$ a choice of word decomposition of a Weyl group element, we give two simple necessary conditions for untwistedness which is stated in terms of $\lambda$ and $\underline{w}$.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.231-246
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• 1994

A major problem for information retrieval research in the past three decades has been methodology, even though some progress has been made in obtaining useful results from methodologically sound experiments. Within a methodology, potential problems include artificial data generated by the researcher, small sample size interpretation of findings. Critics have pointed out that some room exists for improving methodology of information retrieval research; using existing data, having big enough sample size, including large numbers of search queries, introducing more control in relation to variables, utilizing more appropriate performance measures, conducting rests carefully and evaluating findings properly. Relevance judgments depend entirely on the perception of the user and on the situation of the moment. In an experiment, the best judge of relevance is a user with a well defined information need. Normally more than two categories for relevance judgments are desirable becase there are degrees of relevance. In experimental design, careful control of variables is meeded for internal validity. When no single database exists for comparison, existing operational databases should be used cautiously, Careful control for the variations of search queries, inter-searcher sonsistency, intra-searcher consistency and search strategies is necessary. Parametric statistics requiring rigid assumptions are not appropriate in information retrieval research and non-parametric statistics requiring few assumptions are necessary. Particularly, the sign test and the Wilcoxon test are good alternatives.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2003

Objectives : This study researched into clinical statistics for patients recieved oriental medicine treatments In the Um-sung Gun Dae-so Myun health care center during eight months from May 1 2002 to December 31 2002. The number of object was 246 cases of 234 persons. Results & Conclusions : Analyzing these 234 persons, the rate of males to females was 1 to 2.1. As for the distribution of age, the age of 61 to 70 occupied 44.02 % and the age of 61 to 90 occupied 76.5 % ih the Whole patients. Therefore female was very highly more than male and patients were for the most part, old ages (61 years old and over) Musculoskeletal disease of 202 cases occupied 82.13 %, were the highest rate. At the duration of disease 1 year to 5 years occupied 26.92 %, was the highest. The Grade II was the most of the sign of patients at first visit, it occupied 47.86 %, The Fair(+) and over effect of treatments occupied 96.84 %, the failure(-) Of effect treatments occupied 3.16 %. As for the duration of treatment, the case of 2 times to 5 times visit occupied 38.03 %, was the highest. By medication of treatment, O-juk-san(五積山) occupied 35.10 %, was the highest rate. The average 8.67 persons treated with oriental medicine a day, the average 1.36 person received the first medical examination a day.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.305-308
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• 2007

본 논문은 교통표지판을 자동으로 인식하는 방법에 관한 연구로 기존의 교통표지판 인식시스템에서는 인식하는데 걸리는 시간이 길고 잡음환경에서 인식률이 저하되며 변경된 교통표지판은 인식하지 못하는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하기위해 컬러정보를 이용하여 교통표지판 영역을 추출하고 추출된 이미지를 인식하는데 다층퍼셉트론 신경망 알고리즘을 적용하여 교통표지판 인식시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 교통표지판의 컬러를 분석하여 영상에서 교통표지판 영역을 추출한다. 영역을 추출하는 방법은 RGB 컬러 공간으로부터 YUV, YIQ, CMYK 컬러 공간이 가지는 특성을 이용한다. 형태처리는 교통표지판의 기하학적 특성을 이용하여 군집화한다. 교통표지판 인식은 학습이 가능한 다층퍼셉트론의 오류역전파알고리즘을 적용하여 인식한다. 다층퍼셉트론 신경망 알고리즘은 패턴인식 분야에서 우수한 성능이 입증 되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.407-420
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• 1998

This paper is concerned with selecting covariates to be included in building linear random effects models designed to analyze clustered response normal data. It is based on a Bayesian approach, intended to propose and develop a procedure that uses probabilistic considerations for selecting premising subsets of covariates. The approach reformulates the linear random effects model in a hierarchical normal and point mass mixture model by introducing a set of latent variables that will be used to identify subset choices. The hierarchical model is flexible to easily accommodate sign constraints in the number of regression coefficients. Utilizing Gibbs sampler, the appropriate posterior probability of each subset of covariates is obtained. Thus, In this procedure, the most promising subset of covariates can be identified as that with highest posterior probability. The procedure is illustrated through a simulation study.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(역학)
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• pp.142-149
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• 1994

Substitution of graphic representation for extensive lists of numerical statistical data is highly desirable by both editors and readers of medical journals, faced with an exploding abundance of contemporary medical literature. A novel graphic tool. the 'double-ring diagram', is described herein which permits visual representation of information regarding certain statistical variables used to describe the performance of a test or physical sign in the diagnosis of a disease. The diagram is relatively easy to construct on the basis of a number of primary data such as the prevalence and the true positive, true negative. false positive and false negative test results. These values are reflected in the diagram along with the values of other statistical variables derived from them. such as the sensitivity. specificity, predictive values for positive and negative test result. and accuracy. This diagram may be useful in visualizing a test's performance and facilitating visual comparison of performance of two or more tests.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

Efforts were made to improve the efficiency of college education through the use of information technology. This paper investigates student perceptions of a lecture club provided on a social networking website. For the empirical study, the instructor ran a lecture club for two consecutive semesters on Cyworld (www.cyworld.co.kr), a popular website among Korean youth. The research subjects were students enrolled in a Popular Culture & Fashion class. A questionnaire was distributed on the last day of the lectures. After excluding students with perfunctory responses and those who did not sign up for the community website, a total number of 297 questionnaires were used for analysis. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA analysis, Duncan test, and t-test were carried out, with the SPSS for Windows 12.0 being used for statistical analysis. The findings show that most students subscribed to the website and responded with a favorable attitude that the lecture club was helpful.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.182-191
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify necessary emergency treatment and nursing activities for severe trauma patients according to elapsed time and vital signs. Methods: A survey was conducted with 121 patients over 15 points ISS on EMR from June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2012. Collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, applying McNemar's test using SPSS 12.0. Results: Almost all of the subjects were men and the mean age was 46.9. Run-time for primary diagnosis, treatment decision, and leaving for the hospital room was 0.19, 4.36, and 4.21 hours, respectively, and stayover time was 9 hours. Regardless of vital signs, emergency treatments involving ambu-bagging, intubation, ventilator, and central vein catheterization insertion were offered within an hour. Central venous pressure, Foley catheter/Levin tube preparation and maintenance were performed in cases of unstable vital sign patients within an hour. Unrelated to vital signs, nursing activities for consciousness assessment, skin assesment and wound care, bed sore/fall down assesment and care, intravenous injection insertion and maintenance were conducted for all severe trauma patients within an hour. Foley catheter/Levin tube drainage care was performed for patients who had unstable vital signs within an hour. Conclusion: Emergency treatment and nursing activities for severe trauma patients were specific according to elapsed time and vital signs.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2021

본 논문은 시분산 채널에서 발생되는 비선형 찌그러짐에 의한 부호간 간섭을 줄일 수 있는 QE-MMA 적응 등화알고리즘에서 양자화 비트수와 stepsize에 의한 성능 평가에 관한 것이다. QE-MMA는 송신 신호 고차 통계치와 오차신호 부호만을 이용하는 SE-MMA에서 오차 신호의 크기를 power-of-two 연산을 적용하여 탭 계수 갱신 시 필요한 승산과 가산을 천이와 가산만으로 대체하여 H/W 응용을 용이하도록 제안되었다. 그러나 QE-MMA에서 오차의 부호를 얻기 위한 오차 신호의 발생 시 stepsize와 양자화기 비트수에 의해 적응 등화 성능이 상이하게 되며, 이를 시뮬레이션으로 확인하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 QE-MMA 적응 알고리즘의 성능에서 정상 상태에 도달하기 위한 수렴 속도는 stepsize에 의해 결정되며 정상 상태 이후의 잔여량은 양자화 비트수에 의해 결정됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2006

Background : To examine the difference between ICD-10 and The Korean standard classification of disease(oriental medicine), and to aim at improve the practical use as statistical data. It is one of the reason of disease classification. On that account we convert the many to many correspondence presenting classification of oriental medicine into many to one correspondence. Method : The study tracked out 155 patients discharged from the university hospital which is located in Gyeonggi Province and managing hospital and oriental medicine hospital from July to October this year. The period of this study was from August 1 to November 18. We compared correspondence between the two services' diagnosis(hospital services and oriental medicine hospital services) at the same time and attempted many to one correspondence classification. That is for production of statistical data. Result : We investigated the group which have had medical treatment experience of two kinds of services at the same time. The result of this investigation was that the same oriental medicine diagnosis used differently in western medicine diagnosis. 44.5% was accorded with western medicine diagnosis. Correspondence of the western medicine diagnose with the top of the Korean standard classification of disease(oriental medicine) list's western medicine diagnosis was 13.5%. For many to one correspondence classification for statistics, one western medicine diagnosis was selected for one oriental medicine diagnosis. In case of the main diagnosis(I sign) was not enough to explain oriental medicine diagnosis' characteristic, we chose multiple other diagnosis, so other diagnosis(II sign) about patient's cause of disease could be selected for supplement after we examined the patient's records. The statistics was possible with this many to one correspondence. Conclusion : The result of this study about correspondence between western medicine diagnoses and those of oriental medicine confirms that The Korean standard classification of disease(oriental medicine) is hard to be standardized with western medicine diagnosis. Therefore, according to this study, we use new many to one correspondence classification, multiple oriental medicine diagnoses with one ICD-10, which can be used by statistical data.