• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.372-389
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• 1995

The frequency with which administration of chemotherapy for gynecological cancer treatment is used has increased along with the use of surgery and radiotherapy Among the various side effects of chemotherapy, stomatitis causes a problem of function and sensation in the oral cavity. This oral discomfort can be categorized into two components ; perceived oral symptoms and observed oral symptoms. If the oral problem continues, it may cause infection, bleeding and nutritional deficiencies. As a result of this condition, compliance with the treatment process can be affected as well as the prognosis for the cancer patients. But as the oral discorrfort usually appears after chemotherapy, it is often not reported to the health care personnel as a patient problem. Without problem identification of the oral discomfort and ability to assess the problem, effective intervention cannot be planned. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the pattern and the degree of oral discomfort due to cancer chemotherapy and thus to provide data for identification of the patient problem and for nursing assessment. The design of this study was a longitudinal de-scriptive study The subjects were in - patients who received chemotherapy under the diagnosis of gynecological cancer between Mar. 15, 1994 and May 15, 1994 at a general hospital in Seoul, Korea. The number of subjects was 64 and they were divided into two groups, one of 41 (A : 5FU & Neoplatin), the other of 23(B : Neoplatin, Cytoxan, Adriamycin), according to the treatment regimen. The data were collected for 24 days using self-re-port instruments. The instruments were the 「Perceived Oral Symptom Assessment Tool」 and 「Observed Oral Symptom Assessment Tool」 developed by this researcher. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-PC program, ANOVA, t-test, paired t-test and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient were applied. The results of this study are as follows : 1. In A regimen the peak time for perceived oral symptom scores was the fifth day after chemotherapy, and the tenth day for observed oral symptom scores. Both of the problems started on first day of chemotherapy and were not resolved completely until the 24th day after treatment. 2. In B regimen, the peak time for perceived oral symptom scores was on the seventh day after chemotherapy, and the eighth day for observed oral symptom scores. It was noted that perceived oral symptom scores were higher than observed oral symptom scores consistently for 24 days. Both also started on first day of chemotherapy, and were not resolved completely until the 24th day after chemotherapy. 3. There were no differences statistically in perceived oral symptom scores between A and B regimen. The loss of appetite and xerostomia caused the most severe discomfort in both of these two groups. 4. The were no differences statistically in observed oral symptom scores between the A and B regi moil. In the A regimen, the highest observed symptom scores were the lips, gingiva, tongue and buccal membrane in that order. But in the B regimen, the highest observed symptom scores were tongue, lips, buccal membrane and gingiva in that order. 5. In A regimen, the patients who had gingival edema and dentures had significantly higher perceived oral symptom scores. And those who had gingival edema and bleeding, foul odor and aphthous stomatitis had significantly higher observed oral symptom scores. 6. In B regimen, the patients who had the experience of stomatitis in the last course of chemotherapy had significantly higher perceived oral symptom scores. Those who had gingival edema had significantly higher observed oral symptom scores. 7. In the A regimen there was no correlation between lab values for lymphocytes and albumin with perceived oral symptom scores and observed oral symptom scores. In the B regimen, there was a significant negative correlation between lymphocytes and albumin with the observed oral symptom scores, but not between perceived oral symptom scores and lymphocytes and albumin values. In conclusion, the nurse should expect that the patient undergoing chemotherapy will complain severely about subjective discomfort and before objective physical change is observed. Also the patients who have chronic oral problems such as dentures, gingival edema and bleeding, foul odor, aphthous stomatitis will complain of severe oral discomfort due to chemotherapy.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

Objectives: Oncological hyperthermia is a treatment to selectively kill cancer cells by directly applying heat to cancer cells or indirectly demage cancer cells. One of the most side effects of treatment is burn that can appear on the skin. In areas with irregularities such as the umbilicus, the patient feels a sense of hot and treatment may be discontinued. Therefore, in order to eliminate the irregularities of these areas, compensators are manufactured and measured to decrease in temperature. Materials and Methods: The temperature of the four sites (umbilicus, near the umbilicus, 5 cm below the umbilicus, back) was measured five times around the umbilicus in patients who were treated at oncological hyperthermia treatment device(EHY-2000, Oncotherm Kft, Hungary). The temperature sensor (TM-100, Oncotherm Kft, Hungary) was attached to four sites and the changes were observed at 5, 15, 25, 35, and 50 minutes after treatment. Compensators of three materials were used(Vaseline, Bolus, Dental resin). The data measured five times were compared for each compensator. Results: The temperature change when the compensator was not used increase from 34.65 degrees to 42.9 degrees on average. The near umbilicus was changed from 32.20 degrees to 37.00 degrees, and the 5 cm below the umbilicus was changed from 31.90 to 34.41 degrees. When the compensator material was inserted into the umbilicus, the temperature change was measured as 5.42 degrees for bolus, 6.55 degrees for vaseline, and 6.83 degrees for resin. Conclusion: Using the compensator in the region where the irregularities such as the umbilicus, the heat sensation could be reduced. the use of a resin that can be customized not only lowers the temperature but also significantly reduces the feeling of the patient. It will be possible to reduce the heat sensation in the treatment and to treat it in a more comfortable condition.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 1970

This is a study of 21 tuberculosis patients receiving medical treatment at the Public Health Center in Kyongi Do, Pu Chun Gun and at the General Hospital. The results cover the findings of the period from May, 1969 to November 1970. The information obtained is based on personal interviews with the patients, and symptomatic diagnosis made from observations. The following statistics when not equalling 100% contain only the responses of the two extremes in each case. The findings of the research are as follows: 1. 52.3% of the patients in the study are males and 47.7% are females. 28.6% of the subjects are between 20 and 29 years of age and an equal percent are between 30 and 39 years. 2. 47.5% of the subjects had graduated from primary school, while only 4.8% had graduated from high school. 3. 57.1% of the patients said they had no religions beliefs, while 4.8% professed to being Buddhists or believing in superstition. 4. 47.3% of the people said they were unemployed, while 4.8% classified themselves as labourers. 5. In response to how tuberculosis was first detected in their respective cases, 52.6% became aware of their disease through X-ray results, while 4.8% were discovered to have tuberculosis when being treated for other diseases at the hospital. 6. When asked how many of the patients knew anything about their disease when treated, 57.1% knew nothing about tuberculosis when they received treatment, while 42.9% had some knowledge of the disease. 7. Of those who knew something about tuberculosis, 61.9% learned about from doctors and nurses, while 4.8% learned from other people. 8. 57.1% of the patients knew that tuberculosis is a communicable disease, while 42.9% did not know. 9. 52.4% of the patients did not know the cause of tuberculosis while 4.9% believed the disease was caused by a curse. 10. When asked about the extent of treatment, 52.4% responded that they had undergone continuous treatment, while 4.8% had not received treatment. 11.The reasons given for not continuing treatment were the following: economic factors 55.6%; side reactions to the treatment, lack of knowledge of how to get treatment, of the need for treatment, or of the positive effects of treatment 11.1%. 12. 61.9% of the subjects usually took the medical treatment at home, 9.5% took it in the mountains or at the beach. 13. 42.9% of the patients received drugs for treatment at the local public health center, while 4.8% received them at the hospital 14. 33.3% of the patients received P.A.S＋I.N.H.＋S.M. for treatment of tuberculosis, while 4.8% received P.A.S.＋S.M.. and some secondary drug. 15. Of the patients who took some extra medicine for tuberculosis, 38.1% took a Chinese drug, while 9.5% took herb medicine. 16. 38.1% of the patients had continued treatment for three years, 4.8% had interrupted the treatment. 17. When asked about the development of the disease after treatment, the patients gave the following information: after one month, 90.5% thought the treatment helped, while 9.5% weren't sure; after one year, 55.6% thought it was good, while 5.5% thought it was not; after three years, 63.6% had a very bad condition. while 4.8% didn't know. 18. 61.9% of the patients were unconcerned about covering their mouths when they coughed, while 38.1% covered their mouths. 19. 57.2% were unconcerned they spit, while 23.8% spit into a waste basket. 20. 66.7% were unconcerned about sterilizing tableware, while 9.5% handled it separately. 21. 66.7% were unconcerned about ventilating their room, while 9.5% ventilated the room twice a week.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 1972

Varietal difference in root distribution and other root characteristics were investigated under fold and water culture condition. The results were as follows: 1. IR667 showed funnel type of root distribution in soil profit while Jinheung had barrel type, and each type appearance was more distinguishable with fertilizer application. 2. Root weight per tiller was smaller in IR667 than in Jinheung and IR667 had more root in 0 to 5cm of soil depth but Jinheung had more in 5 to l0cm depth. 3. Horizontal distribution of root was dencer near to stem base without fertilizer than with fertilizer in both IR667 and Jinheung indicating structural construction for intensive nutrient uptake. Between varieties this 'dence to stem base' trend accompaning 'dence to wide spacing side' was greater in IR667 without fertilizer and these were quite true with fertilizer in Jinheung. 4. The decreasing rates of root and ear weight by fertilizer application were greater in IR667 than in Jinheung. This and other characteristics indicated that the root of IR667 is likely to be panicle-number type comparing with Jinheung. 5. The root of IR667 had lower oxidizing power of ${\alpha}-naphthylamine$ than that of Jinheung indicating weaker resistance to reductive soil but cation exchange capacity of water-cultured root was higher in IR667 suggesting stronger nutrient uptake. 6. The content of phosphorus and especially potassium in root were higher with fertilizer but lower without fertilizer in IR667 than in Jinheung indicating that IR667 is more sensitive to root environment. 7. The contents of N, K and CEC were increasing toward root tip while P content was decreasing. The root from surface soil had higher N and K content than that from subsoil. The contents of N,P,K, and CEC of root at harvesting stage were about 1.0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 15me/100g at dry weight base, respectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 1993

One of the important initial events required for periodontal regeneration is the attachment and subsequent spreading of periodontal ligament cells on the root surface. The purposes of this study is to investigate the attachment and spreading pattern of human periodontal ligament cell on the surface of glass slides. After establishment of a cell line of the primary cell culture from the periodontal ligament of 1st premolar teeth which were extracted for the purpose of orthodontic treatment, author dispersed the cells at $5{\times}10^3\;cells/ml$ into the each 35mm culture petri-dish containing 2 glass slides. To observe the morphological changes of the cells which attached to the surfaces of glasses at every designed time schedule, author used the inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. During the whole experiment culture condition was at $37^{\circ}C$, 100% Humidity, 5% $CO_2$ gas incubator. The following results were obtained. Periodontal ligament cells showed spherical outline and started to attach to glass surface by basal sytoplasmic extension after 10min in culture. After 30min in culture, periodontal ligament cells were attached to glass surface by well - developed filopodia which protruded from the lamellipodia. The cell surface is covered with bubble-like structures and occasional microvillus can be seen with diffculty among these structures. After 1.5hr in culture, peridontal ligament cells shhowed radially well-spread cytoplasm and the nucleus was centered on its cytoplasm. Unspread central region of the cell was covered with numerous microvilli. The change of cell attachment and spreading pattern was manifest at 6hr in culture. At this time, periodontal ligament cell showed elongated outline and an oval-shaped nucleus. After 12hr in culture, periodontal ligament cells showed more stretched fibroblast-like appearance with polarity. Two long lamellipodia can be seen around the both terminal ends of cells. After 24hr in culture, periodontal ligament cells showed spindle shapes and an oval-shaped nucleus was slanted toward one side of the cell.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1381-1391
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• 2009

Dietary life style of the elderly living in rural areas of Gyeongbuk Andong during the busy farming season was surveyed and a monthly meal plan for the elderly was developed using eco-friendly native crops and considering the characteristics of a busy farming season and their preferences. A week meal plan was selected and applied to those fields. The meal plan was developed for an elder's house in Gyeongbuk Andong during the busy farming season. Especially, to increase the intake of calcium and dietary fiber, bamboo sprouts, pepper leaves, dried slices of whitebait, and fried anchovies were used. Considering the busy farming season, the ginseng chicken soup and the soybean noodle soup were served to provide high quality of protein and to improve health condition. A cold soup of cucumber and brown seaweed was used to supplement liquid, vitamins, and minerals. The results are as follows: the highest score of the preference on a staple was 8.77 for the boiled barley of menu 5; the favorite soup was the ginseng chicken soup (8.73) in menu 4; for side dishes, those in menu 5 were most popular (8.69); the favorite meal was the ginseng chicken soup of menu 4 (8.69). Regarding the amount of leftover foods, the lightest was 30.14 g in Gyeongbuk Andong menu 3 which significantly indicates high preference (p<0.05). The current study was a planned meal service menu using local crops and seasonal foods, which was actually applied to the field resulting in high preference and satisfaction levels.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.137-154
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• 2008

The increase of the supply of medical service and the increase of hospitals have intensified the competition of hospitals, and the advancement towards internationalization in the opening of medical industry has triggered the infinite competition of medical profession. In addition, the high expectation of customers and quality improvement in the medical care in accordance with the improvement of overall income, and the change of active role of medical consumers according to the popularization and the improvement of rights awareness reflect the customer needs and choice in the medical service. Customers wanted to receive the kind and pleasant service under the up-to-date medical service. Therefore, as a solution, hospital coordinators were emerged for the purpose of smooth treatment and customer satisfaction by generalizing all service of hospital. Accordingly, this thesis attempted to investigate the effect of hospital coordinator education curriculum on the education satisfaction and the quality of medical service. In order to solve the purpose of this study, I, author reviewed the existing literatures, established hypothesis, and verified hypothesis by using the variety of statistics techniques such as reliability, validity, frequency analysis, and regression analysis. The verification of hypothesis is as followings: First, among education training factors of hospital coordinators, the quality of instructor significantly affects the satisfaction of hospital coordinator education training. Second, among training factors of hospital coordinator, the attitude of trainee significantly affects the training satisfaction of hospital coordinator. Third, among education training factors of hospital coordinator, education course significantly affects the training satisfaction of hospital coordinator education. As the qualities of instructor are better equipped, the satisfaction of education becomes higher. It indicates that the education method of instructors is important as an index to represent the qualities of instructor such as the appropriateness of education method, preparation, passion, visual materials, the adequacy of education procession, and specialized knowledge, and it has important effect on the satisfaction of education. In order to enhance the satisfaction of hospital coordinator education, the creation of education environment, making trainee concentrate on the education, is required by appropriately allocating programs, arousing interest in education, based on the attitude of trainee, discussion, and preliminary programs, preparation, ahead of enforcement of education. Fourth, the satisfaction of hospital coordinator education training significantly affects the reliability among the qualities of medical service. Fifth, satisfaction of hospital coordinator education training significantly affects hospitality I kindness among the qualities of medical service. If the education satisfaction of trainee is high, it is effective in the practical application such as dealing with complaints, the duty performance for the patients, and so on in offering the medical service, related to reliability and furthermore, we can find the positive change in the attitude change of medical professions related to the reliability of hospital coordinator. In addition, in the process of offering medical services such as the kind explanation on the duty, rapid response to the customers inquiry, and tidy uniform, practical effect was verified. Sixth, the education training factor of hospital coordinator significantly affects the reliability among the quality of medical service. Seventh, the education training factors of hospital coordinator significantly affect hospitality/kindness. In the education of hospital coordinator, the methods to attract the interest of trainee by emphasizing reliability should be sought and for gaining the practical effect of hospital coordinator education, the sufficient preparation and investigation on the education curriculum should be prerequisite and under this condition, intensified discussion on the instructor and education course is needed. In the design of education course, more education hours and subjects should be allocated in the part of hospitality in order to improve the practical application of hospitality. Therefore, it is meaningful in a sense that this study newly approached the components of hospital coordinator education and the need to modify the quality components of medical service in accordance with the study subjects was raised. This study also finds its meaning in that it provides basic materials for the study of future hospital coordinator education by suggesting the system development model of hospital coordinator education through preliminary study of education training. In addition, this study is meaningful in the aspect that it suggested the direction of education training by showing how the hospital coordinator education training would applied to the hospital coordinator course of the Continuing Education Center at Pusan and Kyungnam National University to some extent. Since all investigation of this study was approached from the side of hospital coordinator, the thoughts of patients who are beneficiaries of medical service, and care givers cannot be identified. Therefore, the satisfaction of patients and care givers through the experience of medical service, which is the essential prerequisite of medical service, should be importantly considered and investigated. Accordingly, The study of comparing and analyzing the views of both patients and care givers should be carried out in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.184-197
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• 1995

After 45 patients examined as to the result of medical treatment among the ones who came to Dept. of Pain Clinic, Oriental Medical Hospital, Chunju Woosuk University complaining low back pain chiefly from Dec/19/1994 to Feb/7/1995 for 50 days or so were observed clinically, the results were obtained as follows: 1. In duration of the case history, acute stage(37.8%) was the most predominant, and subacute stage(35.6%) and chronic stage(26.7%) were revealed in turn. 2. In opinions of radiation, Spondylosis(26.7%) was the most predominant, Scoliosis(15.6%) and HIVD(11.1%) were revealed in order, and 3 cases were revealed to be negative. 3. In the radiating pain of the lower limb, the radiating pains of the left lower limb were the most predominant and those of the right lower limb and those of both lower limbs were revealed in turn. By the way, 31.1% of patients didn't suffer from the radiating pain of the lower limb. 4. In the grade of the seriousness of subsective symptom, Grade 2(66.7%) was the most predominant, and Grade 3, Grade 4, and Grade 1 followed it in order. 5. In the period of the treatments of medi-acupuncture, 2-5 day treatments(31.1%) were major and 6-10 day treatments(26.7%), 16-20 day treatments(11.1%), 26-30 day treatments(11.1%), over 31 day treatments(11.1%), 11-15 day treatments(4.4%), and 21-25 day treatments(4.4%) followed it by turns. Thus 2-10 day treatments are 57.8% and under 30 day treatments are 57.8% of all. 6. In the frequency of use of each medi-acupuncture, V was most frequency used in 41 cases(91.1%), and 11 cases of HN(24.4%), 8 cases of MOK(17.8%), 4 cases of OK(8.9%), 2 cases of B(4.4%), and a case of I(2.2%) were revealed in turn. 7. In the effect of treatments, 10 cases(22.2%) were excellent, 25 cases(55.6%) were good, 5 cases(11.1%) were fair, and 5 cases(11.1%) were poor. As the result, 88.9% of all changed for the better and all of these were improved within the third trial. 8. The effect of the treatments per durations was 100% in acute stage, 93.8% in subacute stage, and 66.7% in chronic stage. According to that, it was reavealed that the rate of treatments decreased as it came near to the chronic stage. 9. The effect of treatments per radiating pains was 87.5% in the radiating pains of the left lower limb, 81.8% in those of the right lower limb, 100% in those of both lower limbs, and 92.9% in case that patients have no radiating pains. So in the rate of treatments on radiating pains of the lower limbs, the case of both sides or no radiating pains was higher than that of one side. 10. In the effect of treatments per the condition of patients, Grade 4 showed 100% of improvement, Grade 3 showed 90.9% of improvement, Grade 2 showed 86.7% of improvement, and Grade 1 showed 100% of improvement. 11. In the effect of treatments per contents of treatments, the group treated with medi-acupuncture therapy, herb medication therapy, acupuncture therapy, and physiothrapy at the same time(Group 1) showed 100% of improvement, the group treated with medi-acupuncture therapy, acupuncture therapy, and physiotherapy simultaneously(Group 2) showed 73.7% of improvement, and the group treated with medi-acupuncture therapy and acupuncture therapy at the same time(Group 3) showed 100% of improvement. 12. 2-5 day treatments showed 78.6% of improvement, 6-10 day treatments showed 91.7% of improvement, and over 31 day treatments showed 100% of improvement. As the result, genarally the longer the period of treatment was, the better the effect of treatment was. 13. When only V was used, the rate of treatment was 96.2%. When only HN was used, the rate of treatment was 100%. When only MOK was used, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V and HN were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 33.3%. When V and MOK were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V and OK were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, HN, and MOK were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, OK, and MOK were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, MOK, and B were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, HN, OK, and I were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%. When V, HN, and B were used at the same time, the rate of treatment was 100%.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.531-548
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical, histologic findings of distracted regenerate and TMJ response in modified distraction osteogenesis (DO) technique combined with compression force as biomechanical stimulation method which has been suggested in 2002, and developed thereafter by authors. This study was performed with two experiments. First experiment was designed to explore the optimal ratio of compression force versus distraction force for the new DO technique. Second experiment was planned to evaluate the reaction of TMJ tissue, especially condyle, disc after application of the DO technique with compression force. Total 52 New Zealand adult male-rabbits with 3.0kg body weight were used for the study. For the first study, 30 adult male-rabbits underwent osteotomy at one side of mandibular body and a external distraction device was applied on each rabbit with same manner. In the control group of 10 rabbits, final 8 mm of distraction with 1 mm rate per day was done with conventional DO technique after 5 latency days. For the experimental group of 20 rabbits, a compression force with 1 mm rate per day was added to the distracted mandible on 3-latency day after over-distraction (over-lengthening). As the amount of the rate of compression versus distraction, experimental subgroup I (10 rabbits) was set up as 2 mm compression versus 10 mm distraction (1/5) and experimental subgroup II (10 rabbits) was set up as 3 mm compression versus 11 mm distraction (about 1/3). All 30 rabbits were set up to obtain final 8 mm distraction and sacrificed on postoperative 55 day to analysis on biomechanical, and histologic findings of the bone regenerates. For second study, 22 adult male-rabbits were used to evaluate TMJ response after the DO method application with compression force. In the control group, 10 rabbits was used to be performed with conventional DO method, on the other hand, in a experimental group of 10 rabbits, 10 mm distraction with 2 mm compression (1/5 ratio) was done. The remaining 2 rabbits served as the normal control group. Histomorphologic examinations on both condyle, histological studies on condyle, disc were done at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 weeks after distraction force application. The results were as follows: 1. On the bone density findings, the experimental group II (force ratio - 1/3) showed higher bone density than the other experimental group (force ratio - 1/5) and control group (control group - $0,2906\;g/cm^2$, experimental group I - $0.2961\;g/cm^2$, experimental group II - $0.3328\;g/cm^2$). 2. In the histologic findings, more rapid bone maturation like as wide lamellar bone site, more trabeculae formation was observed in two experimental groups compared to the conventional DO control group. 3. In morphologic findings of condyle, there were no differences of size and architecture in the condyle in the control and experimental groups. 4. In histologic findings of condyles, there were thicker fiberous and proliferative layers in experimental group than those of control group until 2 weeks after distraction with compression force. But, no differences were seen between two groups on 3, 4, 7 weeks after compression. 5. In histologic findings of disc, more collagen contents in extracellular matrix, more regular fiber bundles, and less elastin fibers were seen in experimental group than control group until 2 weeks after distraction with compression. But, no differences were seen between two groups on 3, 4, 7 weeks after distraction with compression. From this study, we could identify that the new distraction osteogenesis technique with compression stimulation might improve the quality of bone regeneration. The no remarkable differences on TMJ response between control and experimental groups were seen and TMJ tissues were recovered similarly to normal TMJ condition after 3 weeks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2013

There is an Ankle Oblique(Broden' low) as an examination for the patient whose ankle was encased in orthopedic plaster. Some types of Ankle Joint coalition - Calcaneonavicular coalition, Talocalcaneal coalition and Naviculocuneiform coalition. This study is focused on the relation between Ankle Joints and the structural change of soft tissues, also finding the most proper angle to obtain good images of Ankle Joint from the patient who wore a plaster on his ankle, when we x-ray with Harris-Beath View($30^{\circ}{\sim}55^{\circ}$) - for observing Subtalar joint, Calcaneus Fracture, Subtentaculum, Tali Fracture and Talocalcaneal coalition. We intend to get the angle which makes us achieve the good image that shows Calcaneus Fracture, Subtentaculum, and Tali Fracture by changing internal angles of the patient's ankle. We evaluated the images obtained from 51 patients with PACS monitor. The result of the evaluation, subtalar joint was not seperated but opened, and Subtentaculum Tali Fracture was seen overlaid. at the angle 30, we could observe Calcaneus Fracture, Subtentaculum Tali Frature and the front part of behind side of subtalar joint well. And Calcaneo Navicularcoalition, Talocal Canealcoalition, Naviculo Cuneiform coalition condition were clearly seen at that angle. At the angle 35, we could achieve the clear images of subtalar comminuted fracture, talus, the behind joint of heel bone and get the high definition image on the degree of talocalcaneal joint separation. In addition to, We could obtain the good wide image of Sinus Tarsi. At the area of 45, We can distinguish the soft tissues from gyps separation. The outer-talus and density of the bone were definitely seen and Calcaneus is more separated than that of at the angle of 35, but this image is distorted. Calcaneus, Subtentaculum Tali show $1.20{\pm}0.414$ at the angle 25, $2.47{\pm}0.516$ at the angle 30, $2.27{\pm}0.458$ at the angle 45. This difference is statistically meaningful. (p<0.05). Including the degree of distortion, The distortion appears less at the area of $30^{\circ}$ but at the area of 40, there is heavy distortion. So, We could get the best image for making a diagnosis. At the $30{\sim}35^{\circ}$ degree for X-raying ankle. and at the $30{\sim}40^{\circ}$ for Calcaneus Fracture, Subtentaculum Tali Fracture.