• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

The aerodynamic drag of high-speed train has been calculated and the effect of bogie side fairing on the aerodynamic drag has been investigated. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation based on steady-state 3 dimensional Navier-Stokes equation has been conducted employing FLUENT 12 and the aerodynamic model of HEMU-430x, the Korean next generation high-speed train under development has been built using GAMBIT 2.4.6. Three types of bogie side fairing configuration, the proto-type without fairing, half-covered fairing to avoid the interference with the bogie frame and full-covered fairing have been adopted to the train model to compare the drag reduction effects of the bogie side fairing configurations and the numerical results yields that the bogie side fairing can reduce the aerodynamic drag of the 6-car trainset up to 7.8%. The aerodynamic drag coefficient of each vehicle as well as the flow structures around the bogie system have also been examined to analyze the reason and mechanism of the drag reduction by bogie side fairing.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to compared of scapular position between operation side and non-operation side to the rotator cuff surgery. Methods: This study was carried out with a total 34 patients: male (n=14), female (n=20). Shoulder range of motion (ROM), the quadruple visual analogue scale (QVAS), the shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), and the scapular index (SI) were used to assess shoulder posture and function. SI was the resting position of the scapular was determined by measuring the distance from the mid-point of the sternal notch (SN) to the medial aspect of the coracoid process (CP) and the horizontal distance from the posterolateral angle of the acromion (PLA) to the thoracic spine (TS) with a soft tape measure. The SI was calculated using the equation: [(SN to CP/PLA to TS) ${\times}$ 100]. Results: There were no significant difference in ROM, QVAS to rotator repair patients according to SI (p>.05). There were significant differences in SI between the operation side and the non-operation side (p<.01). Conclusions: Scapular position was operation side more internal rotation, protraction, abduction than non-operation side. Therefore, health professionals managing for rotator cuff tear repair patients should consider scapular position.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.424-427
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• 2010

Objective : Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) are more common on the left hemisphere than on the right. We verified this left predilection of CSDH and tried to explain the reason for this discrepancy. Methods : We investigated the laterality of CSDH in 182 patients who were treated from January 2005 to December 2009. We examined the symmetry of the cranium and the location of the lesion. Results : CSDH was more common on the left-side. The cranium was symmetric in 63 patients, asymmetric in 119 patients. The asymmetric crania were flat on the right-side in 77 patients, on the left-side in 42 patients. The density of the CSDHs was hypodense in 29 patients, isodense 132 patients, and the others in 21 patients. Bilateral hematomas were more common in the hypodense group. In the right flat crania, the hematoma was more commonly located on the opposite side of the flat side. While in the left flat crania, the hematoma was more common on the same side. Conclusion : CSDHs occurred more frequently on the left side. The anatomical asymmetry of the cranium influences the left predilection of CSDH.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2009년도 IWAIT
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• pp.351-354
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• 2009

Distributed video coding (DVC) is a new coding paradigm that enables to exploit the statistics among sources only in decoder and to achieve extremely low complex video encoding without any loss of coding efficiency. Wyner-Ziv coding, a particular implementation of DVC, reconstructs video by correcting noise on side information using channel code. Since a good quality of side information brings less noise to be removed by the channel code, generation of good side information is very important for the overall coding efficiency. However, if there are complex motions among frames, it is very hard to generate a good quality of side information without any information of original frame. In this paper, we propose a method to enhance the quality of the side information using small amount of additional information of original frame in the form of hash. By decoder's informing encoder where the hash has to be transmitted, side information can be improved enormously with only small amount of hash data. Therefore, the proposed method gains considerable coding efficiency. Results of our experiment have verified average PSNR gain up to 1 dB, when compared to the well-known DVC codec, known as DISCOVER codec.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 1998

항정신병약물에 의한 부작용의 치료전략은 예방이 최우선이며, 그 다음이 조기발견 및 이에 대한 적절한 치료이다. 항정신병약물의 부작용을 강조하는 이유는, 약물에 대한 부정적 인상을 강화시키려는 데 있지 않고, 약물의 치료적 효과를 극대화시키려는 데 있다. 이를 위해서는 약물의 속성과 환자의 특징을 고려한 약물의 선택과 사용뿐만 아니라, 부작용에 대한 면밀한 이해와 이에 대한 치료전략을 숙지해야 한다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 주어진 채널이 변형될 때, 아미노산들의 유효한 사이드 체인 배치(side chain conformation)를 찾는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 아미노산의 유연성에 근거하여 사이드 체인 유연성을 가진 단백질 분자를 구현하고, 채널 변화에 영향을 주는 인접 아미노산(adjacent amino acid)을 추출한다. 인접 아미노산과 이웃(neighbor) 아미노산의 충돌 검사를 수행하여 유효하지 않은 사이드 체인 배치를 제거한 후, 회전각 조합 트리(rotation angle combination Tree)를 구성하여 사이드 체인 배치 중 유효한 것들만을 추출한다.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to research the necessity of sacral base X-ray that Barge insisted. Methods : I have done a comparative analysis in side of short leg and side of sacral inferior with sacral base X-ray and pelvis A-P Xray pictures of 42 patients with lower back pain from December 1, 2010 to March 31, 2011. Results : Even though most of the subjects in study were male, 36 people had plateau of sacral base and 29 people had symmetry in sacral base X-ray. There was no statistical significance in the side of short leg and side of sacral base inferior in Sacral base X-ray, but there was a statistical significance in pelvis A-P x-ray. 22 people had same side of short leg and side of sacral base inferior in sacral base X-ray and pelvis A-P X-ray and 14 people didn't. 29 people had same side of sacral base inferior in sacral base X-ray and pelvis A-P X-ray and 13 people didn't. Conclusions : According to the result of the study, sacral base X-ray is necessary for correct sacral base inferior analysis.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

This study was conducted to develop the mathmatical model for predicting the side thrust which is generated by the shearing action on the vertical surfaces of the sides of the track. Experiments were conducted with the three different shear plates with grouser length of 1, 3 and 5 cm for two different soil condition using soil bin system. The measured side thrust were compared with the values predicted by the new model developed in this study and by Bekker's model respectively. The values of side thrust predicted by the new model were more close to the measured values than those of the side thrust predicted by Bekker's model . The total thrust measured were also compared with the values predicted by the conventional model which considers only bottom thrust effect and by the new model which contains not only bottom thurst but side thrust effect. The values of the thrust predicted by conventional modelwere lower than measured values for both of the soil conditions and the three levels of grouser length. The maximum errors of conventional model were increased with the increase of grouser length. but the values of the total thrust predicted by the model developed in this study were well matched to the measured ones for both of the soil conditions and the three levels of grouser lengths.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to compare the nursing behavior and support between mother as a housewife who has the first infant under 24 months in age and grandmother, and to analyze what mother's nursing behavior was affected by that of grandmother. The subjects were 60 pairs of mother and grandmother on mother's side or father's side and the inquiry paper method and interview were used for this study. The results of analyses for this study are as follows: The first, the nursing behaviors in the past and at the present from mother's perception were considerably different between two groups in the affection and concern aspects. The second, the perceived nursing behaviors by mother and mother-side grandmother's were considerably different in the educational aspect between two groups and mother-side grandmother's educational behavior was higher than that of mother. The third, mother's nursing support were given by husband at 1st and mother-side-grandmother in 2nd, but that of grandmother by husband at 1st and both mother-side- and father-side-grandmother in 2nd. The fourth, nursing support were not considerably different in all the aspects between two groups.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2005

This paper presents hybrid control of displacement and force in a Medical Tele-Analyzer by disturbance observer-based controller which is robust to internal and external disturbances; model uncertainty, load, and friction for instances. The developed Medical Tele-Analyzer consists of 2 subsystems; doctor-side subsystem and patient-side subsystem. In the doctor side subsystem, an array of displacement sensor is equipped to detect movement of doctor's hand and fingers. The detected information is transmitted to the patient side to be used in medical analysis. On the other hand, the patient-side subsystem consists of an array of displacement actuators, which is used to follow displacement of doctor's hand and fingers. An array of force sensors is used to detect forces between patient and the equipment. Since displacement control in patient side is coupled with force control in doctor side and vice-versa, design of the controller has to take into account this coupling. Not only using in medical tele-analysis, the proposed system can also be used in any tele-displacement-force controls of industrial processes.