• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.134-144
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• 2003

Objective : This study designed to find out the effects of deep acupuncture in cerebrovascular hemiplegia. Methods : This study was performed on 30 patients with cerebrovascular hemiplegia to observe difference in temperature of skin surface between general acupuncture and deep acupuncture at Hapkok using digital infrared thermographic imaging(D.I.T.I.) Results : 1. Temperature of paralytic side is sigficantly higer $0.39{\pm}0.78^{\circ}C$ than that of contralateral side. 2. Thermal difference(${\Delta}T$) of paralytic side-contralateral side decreased $0.08{\pm}0.53^{\circ}C$ after general acupuncture, but there is no significant. $0.20{\pm}0.50^{\circ}C$ after deep acupuncture decreased significantly. So deep acupuncture is more effective than general acupuncture. 3. Thermal difference of paralytic side-paralytic side and contralateral side-contralateral side decreased significantly after acupuncture, and thermal difference of deep acupuncture on paralytic side-paralytic side decreased $0.42{\pm}1.07^{\circ}C$ more than that of general acupuncture. So deep acupuncture is more effective than general acupuncture. Conclusions: This study showed that deep acupuncture is more effective than general acupuncture In cerebrovascular hemiplegia, and further study is needed on clinical trials.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.295-307
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the reproductibility of eccentric mandibular movements according to preferred chewing side, range of mouth opening, type of lateral guidance and involvement of temporomandibular disorders. 50 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 65 dental students without any signs and symptoms were randomly selected for this study as the patients group and the control group, respectively. For recording and observation of eccentric mandibular movement trajectory, BioEGN$^\textregistered$ of Biopak$^\textregistered$ system (Bioresearch Inc., USA) was used. Each eccentric movement to anterior, right and left side was performed three times similar to the movement pattern for Pantronic Reproducibility Index. mandibular path was analyzed by three dimensional positional change and the three paths from one direction were compared with one another. From this, reproducibility index of one-directional lateral movement could be calculated, and total reproducibility index, named BioEGN reproducibility index(BERI), was also computed from three-directional eccentric movement likewise. BioEGN reproducibility Index could have four value of score by small or large scale, and by outgoing or incoming movement. The data were analyzed by SAS/stat program and the results obtained were as follows: 1. Right side chewing subjects showed more consistent pattern In reproducibility index in comparison between patients group and control group than left chewing subjects have done, and reproducibility was low in patients group. However, there was no difference between the two stoups in bilateral chewing subjects. 2. There were no difference in reproducibility index between preferred chewing side and contralateral side in unilateral chewing subjects whereas reproducibility index in left side on outgoing movement were higher than in right side in bilateral chewing subjects. 3. Difference in total reproducibility index(BERI) between canine guidance group and non-canine guidance group were not observed though difference in reproducibility index on lateral movement were observed in part. 4. There were no difference in reproducibility index between affected side and contralateral side in unilaterally affected patients, and between unilaterally affected patients and bilaterally affected patients in patients group. 5. Highly significant positive correlationship were shown among the four 쇼pes of total reproducibility index(BERI) in total subjects, and range of clinical mouth opening was negatively correlated with BEBI on outgoing movements and with index on outgoing movement to preferred side.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.645-651
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• 2016

Effects of pressure-side winglet width on the tip leakage flow and aerodynamic loss downstream of a turbine blade with a pressure-side squealer rim have been investigated for the tip gap-to-span ratio of h/s = 1.36%. The pressure-side squealer has a fixed height-to-span ratio of $h_p/s=3.75%$ and the pressure-side winglet, which is installed at an elevation of tip surface, has width-to-pitch ratios of w/p = 2.64%, 5.28%, 7.92% and 10.55%. The results show that with increasing w/p, aerodynamic loss in the passage vortex region decreases, whereas that in the leakage flow region increases. As a result, the mass-averaged loss coefficient all over the measurement plane tends to decrease minutely with the increment of w/p. It is concluded that the pressure-side winglet for the pressure-side squealer tip can hardly contribute to the tip-leakge loss reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.127-137
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the effects of side-lying hip abduction exercise with and without vibration on pain, disability, strength and balance in individuals with low back pain. METHODS: 30 participants enrolled in this study were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG, n=15) for side-lying hip abduction with vibration and a control group (CG, n=15) for side-lying hip abduction without vibration. Both groups were treated 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Pain (Numeric Rating Scale), disability (Korean Oswestry Disability Index), hip abductor muscle strength, and static balance were measured in both groups before and after the program. Results were analyzed using paired t-test for comparing the difference within the group and independent t-test for comparing the difference between two groups. RESULTS: Compared to the CG, the EG showed significantly greater reductions in pain and disability (p<.05). There was a significant difference in all balance categories of both the painful and non-painful sides within the EG (p<.05). Balance showed a significant decrease except the envelope area (ENV) on the non-painful side within the CG (p<.05). There was a significant increase in all balance categories except ENV of non-painful side between the two groups (p<.05). Balance increased on both the painful and non-painful sides in the EG. Balance improved on the painful side in the CG, but significantly decreased on the non-painful side (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Side-lying hip abduction exercise with vibration is considered an effective treatment for pain, disability and balance in individuals with low back pain.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.175-185
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the biceps muscles activity at the different angle and direction of the base of support on sitting position in hemiplegic patients. The biceps muscles activity was measured at the $0^{\circ},\;10^{\circ}$ of posterior tilt, $10^{\circ}$ of anterior tilt, $10^{\circ}$ of affected side tilt and $10^{\circ}$ of sound side tilt of the base of support by EMG biofeedback (MYOMED 432. ENLAF NONIUS CO.) In this study, 24 out-patients were evaluated who were treated at Yonsei University Medical College Rhabilitation Hospital. This study was carried out from December 5. 1993 to March 30. 1994. In order to determine the statistical significance of result, the ANOVA, and t-test were applied at the 0.05 level of significance. The results were as follows : 1. The biceps muscles activity of the sound side was no significantly difference at the different angle and direction of the base of support on sitting position(p>0.05). 2. The biceps muscles activity of the affected side was significantly increased at the 100 of sound side tilt and $10^{\circ}$ of posterior tilt of the base of support on sitting position(p<0.05). 3. There was no significantly difference in the change of the biceps muscles activity of the affected side between the affected group and the intact group of propriocetive sense(p>0.05). 4. The change of the biceps muscles activity of the affected side was significantly higer in the group of G 2 spasticity compared to that of G 1, G 1+ spasticity(p<0.05). These results showed that the biceps muscles activity of affected side was significantly increased when the base of support was tilted toward the sounde side and posterior direction on sitting position. In order to prevent the increment of biceps muscle activity, the patients must avoid to sit toward sound side and posterior tilt.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify influence that eye movement have an effect on postural control and balance performance by plegia side of the impaired patients of central nervous system. Subjects are patients with the impairment of central nervous system and experimental and control groups are forty people and thirty people seperatively, Total subjects were selected to seventy persons, but twelve persons of experimental group quit during the experimental periods and eight persons of control group did not measure after exercise. Therefore, twenty eight persons of experimental group and twenty two persons of control group were selected in this study and experimental group peformed eye movement for eight weeks according to the exercise program of this study. The measurement of dependent variable is right static balance, left static balance, bilateral static balance, and bilateral dynamic balance before exercise and after eighth week of exercise, examiner again measured and analyzed the results. The results were as follows: 1. As the result of comparing balance performance ability after test of the experimental and control group with right hemiplegia and control group, all of static balance performance ability of right side (p < 0.01), static balance performance ability of left side (p < 0.01), static balance performance ability of bilateral side(p < 0.01), dynamic balance performance ability of bilateral side(p < 0.05) of experimental group were statistically greater improved than those of the control group. 2. As the result of comparing balance performance ability after test of the experimental and control group with left hemiplegia and control group, all of static balance performance ability of right side (p < 0.01), static balance performance ability of left side (p < 0.01), static balance performance ability of bilateral side(p < 0.05), dynamic balance performance ability of bilateral side(p < 0.05) of experimental group were statistically greater improved than those of the control group.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.175-186
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• 2010

When a rigid post is exposed to traffic, it is hazardous not only to head-on impacts but also to side impacts. Clip-type slip base is an effective measure to reduce the severity of head-on impacts and side impacts as well because of its multi-directional release mechanism. Side impact tests were conducted and the results were analysed to demonstrate the hazardousness of a rigid post to a side impact and the crash worthiness of a post having clip-type slip base. For that, side impact test standard was made adapting the NCHRP Report 350, and 820kg-50km/h side impact tests were made for posts of D101.6mm(t=4.2mm) with and without slip base. Additionally, 35km/h side impact to the same post with slip base was conducted to check whether the clip-type slip base release mechanism works properly to the low impact speed. The tests revealed that the rigidly connected post was very hazardous to side impact while the post with the clip-type slip base reduced the impact severity tremendously.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cycle ergometer exercise inducing movement of the affected side on knee joint function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: The primary experiment was conducted on 19 members of the cycle ergometer exercise group to measure the muscle activity of the rectus femoris, hamstring, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles during cycle ergometer exercise that induced the affected side's movement. In the second experiment, after receiving physiotherapeutic intervention for 30 min, the general bicycle exercise group and cycle ergometer exercise group performed the corresponding exercise for 15 min, 5 times per week, for 2 weeks. The ROM, muscle strength, pain, and balance were then measured and compared between the two groups. Results: In the results of the primary experiment, cycle ergometer exercise inducing movement of the affected side showed a significantly larger increase in the activity of leg muscles (rectusfemoris, hamstring, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) on the affected side than the general bicycle exercise (p <0.05). In the second experiment, the cycle ergometer exercise group showed a significantly larger increase in range of movement of affected side knee flexion and muscle strength of affected side knee flexion, knee extension, and plantarflexion than the general bicycle exercise (p <0.05). No significant between-group difference was observed in pain and balance before or after the intervention (p >0.05). Conclusion: Cycle ergometer exercise inducing movement of the affected side increases use of the muscles around the affected side knee joint after TKA more than general bicycle exercise and produces better effects for enhancing muscle strength. The application of cycle ergometer exercise inducing movement of the affected side is expected to reduce the patients' unbalanced use during the early postoperative period and help them to quickly return to normal daily life through rapid muscle strength recovery.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.697-706
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• 2022

In order to explore the stable anchoring conditions of coal side under the mining disturbance of soft section coal pillar in Wangcun Coal Mine of Chenghe Mining Area, the distribution model of the anchoring support pressure at the coal pillar side was established, using the strain-softening characteristics of the coal to study the distribution law of anchoring coal side support pressure. The analytical solution for the reinforcement anchorage stress in the coal pillar side was derived with the inelastic state mechanical model. The results show that the deformation angle of the roadway side and roof increases with the roof subsidence due to the mining influence at the adjacent working face, the plastic deformation zone extends to the depth of the coal side, and the increase of anchorage stress can effectively control the roof subsidence and further deterioration of plastic zone. The roadway height and the peak support pressure have a certain influence on the anchorage stress, the required anchorage stress of the coal side rises with the roadway height and the peak support pressure. The required anchorage stress of the coal pillar side decreases as the cohesion between the coal seam and the roof and floor and the anchor length increases. Then, applied the research result to Wangcun coal mine in Chenghe mining area, the design of anchor cable reinforcement support was proposed for the section of coal pillars side that has been anchored and deformed, which achieved great results and effectively controlled the convergence and deformation of the side, providing a safety guarantee for the roadway excavation and mining.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2016

Purpose : When a radiation treatment, there is an attenuation by Carbon Fiber Couch. In this study, we tried to evaluate the usability of the Varian Standard Couch(VSC) by modeling with Treatment Planning System (TPS) Materials and Methods : VSC was scanned by CBCT(Cone Beam Computed Tomography) of the Linac(Clinac IX, VARIAN, USA), following the three conditions of VSC, Side Rail OutGrid(SROG), Side Rail InGrid(SRIG), Side Rail In OutSpine Down Bar(SRIOS). After scan, the data was transferred to TPS and modeled by contouring Side Rail, Side Bar Upper, Side Bar Lower, Spine Down Bar automatically. We scanned the Cheese Phantom(Middelton, USA) using Computed Tomography(Light Speed RT 16, GE, USA) and transfer the data to TPS, and apply VSC modeled previously with TPS to it. Dose was measured at the isocenter of Ion Chamber(A1SL, Standard imaging, USA) in Cheese Phantom using 4 and 10 MV radiation for every $5^{\circ}$ gantry angle in a different filed size($3{\times}3cm^2$, $10{\times}10cm^2$) without any change of MU(=100), and then we compared the calculated dose and measured dose. Also we included dose at the $127^{\circ}$ in SRIG to compare the attenuation by Side Bar Upper. Results : The density of VSC by CBCT in TPS was $0.9g/cm^3$, and in the case of Spine Down Bar, it was $0.7g/cm^3$. The radiation was attenuated by 17.49%, 16.49%, 8.54%, and 7.59% at the Side Rail, Side Bar Upper, Side Bar Lower, and Spine Down Bar. For the accuracy of modeling, calculated dose and measured dose were compared. The average error was 1.13% and the maximum error was 1.98% at the $170^{\circ}beam$ crossing the Spine Down Bar. Conclusion : To evaluate the usability for the VSC modeled by TPS, the maximum error was 1.98% as a result of compassion between calculated dose and measured dose. We found out that VSC modeling helped expect the dose, so we think that it will be helpful for the more accurate treatment.