• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2000

In this study, polyester DTY faille(yoryu) and N/NP microfiber fabrics were pretreated (desizing, scouring and shrinking) by Continuous Scouring and Shringking Equipment with rota-drum and conveyor type in which types were different with retaining method. The results were as follows. The shrinkage ratio of wp/wf direction of DTY fabrics scoured by conveyor type was 1.5/23% higher than those by rota-drum type at $97^\circ{C}$ with 10min. treatment. In this case, The shrinkage ratio of wp/wf direction by those types was about 15/27%, respectively. The shrinkage ratio of wp/wf direction of N/NP microfiber fabrics scoured by conveyor type was 1.5/23% higher than that by rota-drum type at $97^\circ{C}$ with 10min. treatment. The size add-on of DTY fabrics scoured at $97^\circ{C}$ with 10min. treatment by conveyor type and by rota-drum type were 0.15% and 0.42%, respectively. The size add-on of DTY fabric treated by rota-drum type decreased until 9min. of treated time, but increased after 9min. The size add-on of N/NP microfiber fabrics treated by conveyor type was decreased by increasing temperature and treated time, while the size add-on of that treated by rota-drum type was decreased until 6min. treated time and increased after 6min. The size add-on of N/NP microfiber fabrics treated by conveyor type at $97^\circ{C}$ for 10min. was 0.3% lower than that by rota-drum type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2010

Various coals from many countries around the world have been used for pulverized coal boiler in power plants in Korea. In this study, the gasification reactivities of various coal chars with $CO_2$ were investigated. Carbon conversion was measured using a real time gas analyzer with NDIR CO/$CO_2$ sensor. In a lab scale furnace, each coal sample was devolatilized at $950^{\circ}C$ in nitrogen atmosphere and became coal char and then further heated up to reach to a desired temperature. Each char was then gasified with $CO_2$ under isothermal conditions. The reactivities of coal chars were investigated at different temperatures. The shrinking core model (SCM) and volume reaction model(VRM) were used to interpret the experiment data. It was found that the SCM and VRM could describe well the experimental results within the carbon conversion of 0-0.98. The gasification rates for various coals were very different. The gasification rate for any coal increased as the volatile matter content increased.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

The regulation for industrial accident rate level assessment of construction companies was introduced to the construction industry in the Republic of Korea since 1993 and has brought positive outcome on industrial accidents reduction at construction work sites. There were considerable decrease of industrial accident ratio and enforcing of contrators' safety organizations from the beginning of the regulation for industrial accident rate level assessment. In spite of these positive outcomes, there were some negative effects such as contractors' shrinking accident reports to keep good accident ratios since these figures had a great impact on pre-qualification stage of bidding when general contractors were competing for new construction projects. In addition, Comprehensive evaluation bid system, which replaces the lowest price bid system is applied to government-ordered construction projects since 2016. Comprehensive evaluation bid system includes construction company's accident rate as one of the evaluation items and carries out with the industrial accident rate level assessment of construction companies at the same time. The regulations of two systems have been called for improvement to unify these different procedures and standards which have led business stakeholders to confusion for several years. This study aims to devote on lessening shrinking accident reports and to reduce the waste of business stakeholders through changing the regulation for industrial accident rate level assessment.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.124-133
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• 2002

Waste PBT powder was depolymerized by saponification under the mild temperature conditions($80{\sim}110^{\circ}C$) and atmospheric pressure. In depolymerization of PBT, sodium hydroxide was more effective than potassium hydroxide. The depolymerization increased with increasing reaction temperature and decreasing particle size. The reaction kinetics of depolymerization could be expressed by the shrinking unreacted core model without product layer, in which the surface reaction was a rate determining step. The activation energy was 98.1 KJ/mol. The recovery ratio of the TPA obtained from the depolymerized PBT particles of 85.1 and $105{\mu}m$ for 6 hours was about 95%.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.56-61
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• 2011

In the present study, glucose-sensitive hydrogels using phenylboronic acid (PBA) without glucose oxidase and catalase were prepared. The swelling-shrinking behavior of the hydrogel according to the variation of pH and glucose and ionic concentrations was investigated. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel containing PBA increased with increasing the glucose concentration and the volume was very sensitively varied with the pH. However, the ionic concentration did not change significantly the relative swelling ratio on the hydrogel, indicating that the hydrogel was dimensionally stable.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1324-1335
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• 1991

In this paper, a phoneme separation and an establishment of discriminative pattern of Korean phonemes are studied on experiment. The separation uses parameters such as pitch extraction, glottal peak pulse width of each pitch. speech duration. envelope and amplitude bias. The first pitch is extracted by deviations of glottal peak and width. energy and normalization on a bias on the top of vowel envelope. And then, it traces adjacent pitch to vowel in whole. On vewel, amethod to be reduced gliding pattern and the possible of vowel distinction to be used just second formant are proposed, and shrinking pitch waveform has nothing to do with pitch length is estimated. A pattern of envelope, spectrum, shrinking waveform, and a method of analysis by mutual relation among phonemes and manners of articulation on consonant are detected. As experimental results, 90% on vowel phoneme, 80% and 60% on initial and final consonant are discriminated.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between conflict coping behavior and the health of the family of origin in both male and female subjects currently in the dating population. The subjects consisted of 250 single male and female who had been dating for more than three months. A survey was used to collect the data and results of survey were analyzed by the SPSS PC 12.0 program. The study results are as follows; First, a conflict coping behavior with variable that is related to a socio-demographic was associated with significant differences in the manner of receiving assistance from external resource in terms of gender, education level, religion and age. The rational coping behavior showed significant changes in gender, and shrinking coping behavior was associated with also gender and sibling. Second, rational coping skills and shrinking coping skills, which are date-associated variables in comflict coping behavior, were influencing factors in the individuals' consideration of a future-relationship with their partner. Third, the health of the family of origin was associated with the manner in which the individual acquired external assistance and rational coping behavior.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.5-22
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• 2018

While the competitiveness of small and medium sized cities has become important for balanced development at the national scale, they have experienced continuous decline in population and employment, particularly those in non-capital regions. In addition, some of small and medium sized cities have been classified into shrinking cities that have declined due to their long-term structural reasons. To address these issues, a regional approach, by which a hub city and its surrounding small and medium sized cities can collaborate has been suggested. Given this background, the purpose of this study is to identify and delineate hub cities and their impact areas by using travel data as a functional network index. This study uses a centrality index to identify the hub cities of small and medium sized cities and Markov-chain model and cluster analysis to delineate regional boundaries. The mean first passage time (MFPT) generated from the Markov-chain model can be interpreted as functional distance of each region. The study suggests a methodological approach delineating the boundaries of regions incorporating functional relationships of hub cities and their impact areas, and provides 59 hub cities and their impact areas. The results also provide policy implications for regional spatial planning that addresses appropriate planning boundaries of regions for enhancing the economic competitiveness of small and medium sized cities and ensuring services for shrinking cities.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1175-1184
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• 2022

The pore structure of uranium-bearing sandstone is one of the critical factors that affect the uranium leaching performance. In this article, uranium-bearing sandstone from the Yili Basin, Xinjiang, China, was taken as the research object. The fractal characteristics of the pore structure of the uranium-bearing sandstone were studied using mercury intrusion experiments and fractal theory, and the fractal dimension of the uranium-bearing sandstone was calculated. In addition, the effect of the fractal characteristics of the pore structure of the uranium-bearing sandstone on the uranium leaching kinetics was studied. Then, the kinetics was analyzed using a shrinking nuclear model, and it was determined that the rate of uranium leaching is mainly controlled by the diffusion reaction, and the dissolution rate constant (K) is linearly related to the pore specific surface fractal dimension (D_S) and the pore volume fractal dimension (D_V). Eventually, fractal kinetic models for predicting the in-situ leaching kinetics were established using the unreacted shrinking core model, and the linear relationship between the fractal dimension of the sample's pore structure and the dissolution rate during the leaching was fitted.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1743-1758
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• 2023

Automatic modulation classification is a critical algorithm for non-cooperative communication systems. This paper addresses the challenging problem of closed-set and open-set signal modulation classification in complex channels. We propose a novel approach that incorporates a self-learning filter and center-loss in Deep Residual Shrinking Networks (DRSN) for closed-set modulation classification, and the Opendistance method for open-set modulation classification. Our approach achieves better performance than existing methods in both closed-set and open-set recognition. In closed-set recognition, the self-learning filter and center-loss combination improves recognition performance, with a maximum accuracy of over 92.18%. In open-set recognition, the use of a self-learning filter and center-loss provide an effective feature vector for open-set recognition, and the Opendistance method outperforms SoftMax and OpenMax in F1 scores and mean average accuracy under high openness. Overall, our proposed approach demonstrates promising results for automatic modulation classification, providing better performance in non-cooperative communication systems.