• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to find fitness of brassiere by means of body measuring value, its variation volume, the evaluation of perceptive image, and the evaluation of the sense of wearing. The results were as follows; 1) According to comparison for body measuring value before and after wearing brassiere, bust point (B.P.) height, lower bust height, upper chest circumference, chest circumference, and bust depth are increased, and lower chest circumference, bust point breadth, shoulder middle point - B.P., B.P. -under bust, and cup horizontal girth are decreased. 2) The difference of variation volume by material is not accepted. The part above $20\%$ at variation rate is under the region of the armpit, that is, the region connected arm from the back. 3) The subjects replied that they wore the brassiere in order to compensate the breast and needed to wear it regardless of thiness and obesity. They wore the brassiere in order to dress themselves in good shape, and felt that it put pressure upon the body, while it had nothing to do with adjusting bodily temperature and gave the sense of security. 4) The estimate of the sense of wearing by material is recognized as the difference of the attention at attentive level $1\%$. The multiple factor analysis of each item in the sense of wearing showed that the items which are explained over $90\%$ by common factors are '1. Unpreasant in touch', '2. The part of edge is haggard', '15. Not to be fit'.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.45-59
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• 2016

This research is a study to develop basic block patterns for adult males. The subjects were 20 men in their 20s, and we tested 6 basic bodice blocks that are used in academia and industry. First, a comparative analysis of the patterns of the bodice blocks was conducted and the test garments were made, and then their appearances were evaluated during wearing tests. Based on the test results, we intended to select a bodice block that is a good fit when it is put on and to use it as basic data in order to design a man's bodice block for the future. The research results are as follows: First, a comparison of the 6 bodice block drafts showed that they used differently calculated ease allowances at chest circumference and width, waist circumference, shoulder length, etc. for which the upper chest circumference is used as a reference. Second, when the appearances of the test garments were tested, the average scores were high in the order of B> H> P> K> M> L. Pattern B was superior in the areas of the neck circumference and shape, ease allowance at the back of the neck, circumference of the front of the neck, location of side width, ease allowance at sides, armhole width and depth. But in the other test items, there were cases where other patterns were superior.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.45-59
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• 1999

The objectives of this study were to identify fashion trend in the late 1990's by using content analysis of the design elements of wedding dresses in wedding magazine photographs. The data were selected among the wedding dress photographs in 1997 issues of two wedding's magazines, 'My wedding'and 'She's Bride'. The identified 455 photographs were classified into 15 major-categories of silhouettes, necklines, sleeves, materials, and trimmings, etc. 15 major-categories were consisted of 232 sub-categories. In the late 1990's, fashion trends of wedding dresses have mixed mainly dome silhouettes(56.0%), bell silhouettes, and tubular silhouettes. One-piece forms(90.8%) were familar more than two-piece forms. Necklines were used mainly such as square neckline(14.0%), high necklines(13.0) blended with other off-shoulder necklines, heart-shape necklines, and sweet-heart necklines, etc. Also camisole and strapless were added in neckline. Long-tight sleeves dominated at the late 1990's because that were used most (21.1%) among 22 sleeves sub-categories. And short sleeve, ruffled below-elbow length sleeves, and french sleeves were also used with the other sleeves. Long length in skirts(98.4%) were common but mini length were used rarely. Satin, lace, and solid cloth were the main materials in wedding dresses, however, spandex and velvet were also used. Various trimmings such as flowers(corsages), ribbons blended with embroidery, small flowers, buttons, frills, strings, and fur trimming are used. Especially, flowers used most(11.8%) among 61 trimmings sub-categories. But simplicity was shown in trimmings because there were dresses not having any decorations(14.3%). The wedding dress of the late 1990's has become more varied in design due to the reflection of changes in society and fashion of everyday garments while the traditional design of the wedding dress has been preserved.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.7
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• pp.11-24
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• 2006

Plate armour is an important cultural property that reflects the ancient weaponry and the manufacturing technology of ironware as they are. Among the kinds of iron armour, horizontal plate armour has been very rarely excavated, and there are a few artifacts in their unimpaired shape like the plate armour excavated from Mangisanseong. This report reviews the manufacturing technology of ancient plate armour through its radiograph using appliable nondestructive irradiation and scientific conservation treatment. The seven-tiered plate armour excavated from Mangisanseong has ring hinge to open and shut the right side neck guard. The readout result of radiograph proved iron safety guard of Godaepan (a plate that links neck plate and horizontal plate) and leather safety guard of the right armpit with plate overlap and perforation interval; perforations that seem to have linked shoulder strap on wearing the armour are also observed. In particular, it is identified that the perforation and riveting technique avoided the connection of more than three plates with a rivet. This is an important material to illustrate the best use of function of plate armour overcoming its limit.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.65-73
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• 2012

The traditional text-based password is vulnerable guessing, dictionary attacks, keyloggers, social engineering, stole view, etc. these vulnerability effect more serious problem in a mobile environment. In this study, By using the pattern number to enter the password of an existing four-digit numeric password, User easily use to new password system. The technology on pattern based numerical password authorization proposed in this paper would intensify the security of password which holds existing 10 numbers of cases by authorizing a user and would not invade convenience of use by providing high security and making users memorize only four numbers like old method. Making users not have inconvenience and raising complexity, it would have a strength to an shoulder surfing attack of an attacker. So I study password system that represents the shape-based of number. I propose the new password system to prevent peeking attacks and Brute-force attack, and this proposal is to review the security and usability.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.25-38
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop a dress form for elderly women according to their somatotype to be used for improving the fit of garments and patterns. Analyzing each somatotype, there was a significant difference among the 4 somatotypes in most of measure items. Bend-forward Group had shorter front length items. Abdomen-fat Group had lower upper-body values than Average Group and similar lower-body values to Fat Group. In most items except height, Fat Group had the biggest values. Analyzing the mean cross-section according to the section measurement parts, no difference existed in shoulder part and under bust part. However, in upper bust, bust, waist, abdomen, high hip, and hip parts, a significant difference existed. Also, according to the results of the mean cross-section as well as the average cross overlap section for each somatotype, there was a significant difference among the four somatotypes. Thus, Abdomen-fat Group and Fat Group were similar, while Bend-forward Group and Average Group were alike. According to the increase of age, lower body tended to have more conspicuous changes. Analyzing the profile of somatotypes, there existed a obvious significant difference among the 4 somatotypes, implying that the characteristics of somatotype need to be reflected when to develop dress forms for elderly women. Therefore, these differences must be an essential factor in pattern design. Comparing the current dress form with the dress form developed with simulation, we could find that a dress form developed for elderly women which reflects the characteristics of body shape is much better than a dress form developed by simple size variation such as small, medium and large size divisions to improve the fit of garments and pattern designs.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-42
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the body size and body characteristics of short-statured females in their 20s and 30s using direct measurement data from the 7th size Korea, and to analyze the differences in body dimensions and proportions between the regular and tall groups of short groups. The goal is to identify the dimension areas that need attention when designing and grading patterns for this short groups. As a result, it was found that the short group was shorter in height than the regular group, and the circumferential dimension was similar to the regular group. When designing patterns the tops, the grading of the Bust point-bust point is not necessary for the height, and it is not necessary to grade the Neck point to breast point in the short and regular group. These groups showed a difference in the front silhouette but not in the side silhouette. Based on these findings, the body types were classified into the following three types: 'most bulky and heavy', 'long lower body and small shoulder', and 'small and thin'. The type 1 population was the least distributed, and the relatively small and slim type was the most common. It is expected that the results of this study can be used as a reference when setting pattern designs, grading values, and production ratios by size for short women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.573-581
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• 2002

This study was done to classify children's somatotypes and to provide the fundamental data or their clothing sizing system for the purpose of designing patterns fur children's wear and standardizing sizes of ready-made clothes. The sampling was done for 7-8 years-old-girl living in Pusan and Kyungsangnam-do. Data from each girl comprises 33 anthropometic measurments and 7 photogrphic measurments, based on the somatometric characteristics of girls which I had obtained. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis were performed for statistical analysis of the data. Seven factors which explain 76.49% of the whole variances were extracted. The thirst and second factors which explain more than 70% of the whole variances represent 'horizontal size 'and 'vortical size', which characterize most aspects of the body shape of the subjects. On the basis of the cluster analysis, three different upper body types were categorized. Type 1 has quite long surface length of the upper body and rising shoulders and are close to the averages of this age group. Type 2 has highest stature, biggest frame, dropped shoulders and surface length of the upper body similar to the type 1. Type 3 has shortest stature, smallest frame and sloping shoulders. According to the analysis to discriminate somatotypes of the upper body by this age group, the discriminative items in discriminant function are follows. As this group, waist circumference of discriminant function 1 and front length and length between both shoulder points of discriminant function 2 have large coefficient values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.937-954
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• 2010

This study analyzes the body characteristics of Korean obese women using 2004 Size Korea data. For selecting the obesity sample, 7 obesity judgment indices were chosen from previous clothing-related studies. A total of 636 females defined as "obese" by 5 out of 7 indices were selected as subjects for this study. 54 body measurements and obesity judgment indices were used. First, the subjects had a BMI 27.11, R$\ddot{o}$hrer index 1.76, Vervaeck index 104.77, Relative weight 133.00, and WHR 0.90. In the case of the distribution by age groups, the twenties were 6.4% of the entire subjects, the thirties were 18.2%, the forties were 16.4%, the fifties were 37.4%, and the sixties were 21.5%. The result of the ANOVAs (divided into 5 age groups) showed significant differences in 41 measurement items except for bust circumference, waist length front, and all of obesity judgment indices. Second, according to the ANOVAs among stature groups divided by 5cm pitches there are significant differences in all measurements except for bust circumference. The results of the ANOVAs among bust circumference groups divided by 5cm pitches show that significant differences were observed in all measurements except four measurement items (including body rise). According to the ANOVAs among the waist circumference groups divided by 5cm pitches, there are no significant differences in all height measurements and shoulder length, waist to hip length, and crotch length. It is confirmed that stature and bust circumference have a deep relationship with measurements other than waist circumference. Third, as the factor analysis were conducted using 39 measurement items to extract the body characteristics of obese women Factor 1 is "circumference measurements & obesity judgment indices," Factor 2 is "heights & arm-related lengths," and Factor 3 is "size and ratio of waist circumference & hip circumference." Factor 4 was "lengths in upper body," Factor 5 was "back width in upper body," Factor 6 was "side neck point to bust & bust circumference," Factor 7 was "length in lower body & arm circumferences," and Factor 8 was "neck base circumference & front widths in upper body." These 8 factors explained 76.54% of the total variance.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.31-53
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• 2008

This study is to suggest a brassiere pattern suitable to the Chinese woman by recognizing the differences among the brassiere patterns of Europe, America and Italy by comparison. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 12.0. 1. If seeing the length of the ordinary brassiere's wing in Korea, the mean is 31.02cm to be shorter than these 3 patterns. The length of a wing should be adjusted according to the degree of fabric's elasticity. 2. The ESMOD type shows a high angle of $60^{\circ}$ as the position of a shoulder strip is placed outward a lot compared with other patterns. 3. For the FIT and Marangoni types, the lengths of the inside and the external diameters show similarly to each other but the ESMOD type shows that its inside diameter is 7.5cm and external one is 9.6cm to have the difference of 2.1cm so that it is considered to put the bust together stronger than the others. 4. The cup circumference of the FIT pattern shows to be the biggest and that of the FIT pattern is the smallest. As the FIT pattern has the shape to wrap the side of the bust, it has large circumference but as it has a narrow angle of a dart, it seems to be fit to the woman with a small and flat bust. 5. For 1/2 of the nipple distance of the brassiere for the Korean adult women, it shows to be 6.12cm, much narrower than the patterns studied, and it is noticed that the ESMOD pattern is very similar to the brassier in the Korean market. 6. As the mean keeper height is 6.5cm, it is noticed that it is very similar to the brassier for the Korean adult women if comparing that the brassiere for the Korean adult has the keeper height of 6.5-8.6cm. The Marangoni pattern tends to have a little low and the ESMOD and FIT patterns have a ordinary measure.