• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2015

Purpose: This study examined the effect of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), positive airway pressure, and the posture of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) when conducting CPR. Methods: Twenty 119 EMTs performed 30:2 CPR on a manikin for 4 min. Imaging data were digitized with Kwon3D XP (version 4.0). Data were collected by analyzing the motion when starting in one cycle, such as pressing to the maximum and in the final position (relaxed), and were analyzed with SPSS 18.0. Results: The angle of the elbow joints was significantly reduced (p < .05). The trunk angle was statistically significantly (p < .01, p < .001) increased. The angular velocities of the shoulder joint and left elbow joint were reduced (p > .05). The angular velocity of the trunk was significantly reduced in the starting and maximum compression postures. The hand-escape time was increased. The average compression depth was increased but not significantly (p > .05). The positive airway pressure was reduced (p > .05). Conclusion: The angle of the elbow joints and the angular velocity of the trunk were reduced, and the angle of the trunk was increased. The success of CPR and positive airway pressure was reduced.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.491-500
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 MS Kinect v2 RGBD 카메라 기반의 Human-Skeleton Keypoints와 2-Stacked Bi-LSTM 모델을 이용하여 낙상 행위를 탐지하는 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 연구는 RGB 영상에서 OpenPose 등의 딥러닝 모델을 이용하여 골격 정보를 추출한 후 LSTM, GRU 등의 순환신경망 모델을 이용해 인식을 수행하였다. 제안한 방법은 카메라로부터 골격정보를 바로 전달 받아 가속도 및 거리의 2개의 시계열 특징을 추출한 후 2-Stacked Bi-LSTM 모델을 이용하여 낙상 행위를 인식하였다. 어깨, 척추, 골반 등 주요 골격을 대상으로 중심관절을 구하고 이 중심관절의 움직임 가속도와 바닥과의 거리를 특징으로 제안하였다. 추출된 특징은 Stacked LSTM, Bi-LSTM 등의 모델과 성능비교를 수행하였고 GRU, LSTM 등의 기존연구에 비해 향상된 검출 성능을 실험을 통해 증명하였다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.53.1-53.12
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• 2020

Background: The TightRope System is a device developed to provide extracapsular stabilization of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture in canine stifles. I was then also employed for the extra-articular treatment of shoulder instability and for the intra-articular treatment of hip luxation in dogs and cats. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of the Mini-TightRope (mTR) System for the intraarticular treatment of CCL rupture in small breed dogs. Methods: A cadaveric canine model was used to record the steps of the surgical procedure. Five client owned dogs weighing from 8 to 10 kg and from 2 to 12 years of age were enrolled in the prospective study in which the mTR device was implanted in the stifle joint to replace the ruptured CCL. The dogs were graded using the Bologna Healing Stifle Injury Index (BHSII) and radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) scores. Results: The outcomes obtained at the time of the surgery (T0) and for the following 12 months (T12) showed an improvement in the functional parameters (BHSII from a median of 74.3 [range, 58.1-82.4] at T0 to 95.6 [range, 94.1-99.3] at T12]). The OA did not change in 3 dogs and increased by only 1 point in 2 dogs. Conclusions: In this preliminary study, the mTR was a successful and repeatable intraarticular surgical procedure for all dogs. Additional studies related to the clinical application of the technique in medium-large dogs should be encouraged.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2021

Upper limb morbidity including shoulder pain, lymphedema, adhesive capsulitis, myofascial pain syndrome, and limited range of motions (LROMs) occurs frequently in breast cancer patients. Especially restricted upper limb motion aggravated by chronic lymphedema results in functional limitation and impaired activities of daily living (ADL). However, conventional rehabilitation therapy including complex decongestive therapy and stretching exercise is insufficient for managing advanced breast cancer patients with complex upper limb morbidity. Here, we report a case of breast cancer-related chronic lymphedema in a 62-years old female with severe LROM in all joints of the affected upper extremity that caused severe disability in ADL. Significant improvements in range of motion and upper extremity function were observed after serial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), combined with conventional rehabilitation therapy. Therefore, ESWT might be recommended for managing the extensive limited joint motion which causes functional decline in a patient of chronic lymphedema with trophic skin change.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 골다공증이 있는 회전근개 파열 환자에서 상완골 골두에 표준 크기 (5.0 mm) 보다 작은 송곳 (awl) (3.7 mm 나사못용)을 사용해서 5.0 mm 나사못을 삽입하는 것이 표준 크기의 송곳과 6.5 mm 나사못을 삽입하는 것에 비해 토크 (torque)나 뽑힘 강도(pullout strength)에서 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 방부 처리된 12명, 24개의 짝지은 사체 견관절을 A군와 B군, 두 군으로 나누어 관심 부위의 골밀도를 측정한 후에 A군에서는 5.0 mm 나사못 삽입을 위해 3.7 mm 송곳 (awl)을 이용하는 경우를 A1군, 5.0 mm 나사못 삽입을 위해 5.0 mm 송곳을 이용하는 경우를 A2군으로 하였다. B군에서는 5.0 mm 송곳을 이용하여 5.0 mm 나사못을 삽입하는 경우를 B1군, 6.5 mm 나사못을 삽입하는 경우를 B2군으로 하여 나사못 삽입 시의 토크와 뽑힘 강도를 측정하였다. 결과: 골밀도는 A군과 B군 간이나 군내에 차이가 없었다. 토크는 A1군이 A2군보다 각각 20.6 $cN{\cdot}m$와 13.2 $cN{\cdot}m$로 유의한 차이를 보였고 (p<0.001), B1군과 B2군에서도 각각 12.1 $cN{\cdot}m$와 20.8 $cN{\cdot}m$로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p<0.001). 그러나 증가된 정도의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. A1군과 A2군의 뽑힘 강도는 각각 204.2 N과 152.9 N으로 유의한 차이를 보였고 (p<0.001), B1군과 B2군에서도 149.5 N과 210.9 N으로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p<0.001). 그러나 증가된 정도의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 송곳 크기보다 큰 치수의 나사못을 사용하면, 같은 크기의 송곳과 나사못을 사용하는 경우 토크나 뽑힘 강도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 증가된 정도는 큰 송곳과 작은 송곳 간에 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 따라서 대결절의 footprint 내에 나사못과 나사못 사이의 거리가 충분하지 않은 경우에 5.0 mm 송곳을 이용하여 6.5 mm 나사못을 삽입하는 대신 3.7 mm 송곳을 이용하여 5.0 mm 나사못을 삽입해도 증가되는 뽑힘 강도는 차이가 없을 것으로 생각한다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제31호
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• pp.187-207
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• 2012

본 연구는 태권도의 기본동작인 주춤서기 자세에서의 주먹 지르기 동작을 3차원 입체영상분석을 통해 유형별로 운동학적 변인인 시간, 속도, 각도, 각속도, 각가속도 등을 분석하여 유형별 특성을 알아보고 올바른 주먹 지르기 동작의 지도방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대학교 경호무도 태권도 경호무도시범단 3인을 대상으로 실시하였고 다음과 같은 결론은 도출 하였다. 1. 지르기 동작 수행시간 : 각 유형(Type)별 주춤서기 자세에서 주먹 지르기 동작 수행시간은 1구간에서 $0.24{\pm}0.07s$와 $0.42{\pm}0.08s$로 유형(Type)1의 주먹 지르기 동작 수행시간이 빠르게 나타났지만 전체 수행시간에 대한 구간별 비율은 유형(Type)2의 테이크 백(take back)이 더 짧은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 선속도 및 선가속도 변인 : 각 유형(Type)의 국면별 선속도는 모두 다르지만 가장 높은 선속도는 각 유형(Type)의 임팩트 순간 이라 할 수 있으며, 유형(Type)2의 임팩트 순간인 3국면에서 가장 높은 선속도가 나타났다. 3. 관절각 변인 : 유형(Type)별 주먹 지르기 동작이 관절의 각은 임팩트 국면인 유형(Type)1의 주먹 지르기 동작과 유형(Type)2의 주먹 지르기 동작에서 외형적으로 큰 차이가 나지 않지만 유형 (Type)2의 주먹 지르기 동작이 관절각의 변화가 다양해 역동적인 자세를 취하고 있다. 4. 각속도 및 각가속도 변인 : 유형(Type)1의 주먹 지르기 동작이 임팩트 순간인 3국면의 고관절, 견관절, 손목관절 의 각속도는 각각 $0.79{\pm}0.02deg/s$, $0.91{\pm}0.04deg/s$, $5.24{\pm}0.09deg/s$ 로 나타났으며, 유형(Type)2의 주먹 지르기 동작이 임팩트 순간인 4국면의 고관절, 견관절, 손목관절의 각속도는 각각 $1.32{\pm}0.03deg/s$, $0.21{\pm}0.03deg/s$, $4.98{\pm}0.08deg/s$로 나타났다. 유형(Type)2의 임팩트 순간인 3국면의 오른쪽 손목관절의 각가속도의 변화를 보면 $176.24{\pm}1.11deg/s^2$로 유형(Type)1의 임팩트 순간의 각가속도 보다 더 큰 속도의 변화를 보였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-42
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurence properties of the complications in spinal cord injured patients. Clinical observation were for 116 cases in and out wards, were carried out during one year from july, 1990 to June, 1991 at 4 general hospitals in Taegu, Korea. The results of this study is summarized as follows : 1. Among the 116 cases, $67.7\%$ was male and $35.3\%$ was female. The largest groups were noted in $60.7\%$, of the forties by age, in $34.5\%$ of the middle school by educational career, in $27.6\%$ of the administer by professional division. 2. The number of complications in a patient in the largest group was two-type. The next groups were three-type, $23.3\%$ and five-type, $20.7\%$. Of each factors, the largest numbers of two-type recorded tuberculosis of spine$(71.4\%)$, thoracic cord injury$(63.4\%)$, incomplete paraplegia$(48.4\%)$, and inwards during 1-2 months $(47.4\%)$. 3. Total number of the complications were counted to 367 cases. The largest group of complications was pain, $24.8\%$. The next groups were pressure sores, $19.9\%$. spasticity, $12.5\%$, and urinary tract infection, $9.3\%$. 4. The number of the 4 major complications(pain, pressure sores, joint contracture, spasticity) was counted to 280 cases. The largest group of the major complications was pain, $32.5\%$. The next groups were pressure sores, $26.1\%$, joint contracture, $25.9\%$ and spasticity, $16.4\%$. Of each factors, the largest numbers of the pain recorded female$(40.5\%)$, thirties$(49.2\%)$, non-educate $(53.8\%)$, labor$(38.2\%)$, traffic accidents$(32.8\%)$, thoracic cord injury$(34.4\%)$, complete paraplegia$(58.1\%)$, and inwards during above 13 months$(37.5\%)$. 5. The largest group of the pain portion was shoulder. $49.4\%$. The non groups were lower extremity, $25.2\%$, hip, $11.0\%$, and all bodies, $4.3\%$. The largest numbers of the shoulder pain recorded thirties$(59.4\%)$, traffic accidents $(52.7\%)$, cervical cord injury$(67.2\%)$. complete quadriplegia$(81.8\%)$, and inwards during above 13 months$(100.0\%)$. 6. The largest group of the pressure sores sites was sacral portion, $83.6\%$. The next groups were hip, $6.8\%$, maleollus, $4.1\%$. The largest numbers of pressure sores formation in the sacral portion recorded below 19 and above $60(100.0\%)$, falling objects$(100.0\%)$, lumbar cord injury$(100.0\%)$, incomplete paraplegia$(100.0\%)$, and in wards during 3-4 months$(95.9\%)$. 7. The largest group of the joint contracture portion was lower extremity, $61.4\%$, follows was upper extremity, $38.6\%$. The largest numbers of the joint contrcture portions recorded thirties$(100.0\%)$, traffic accidents$(86.1\%)$, cervical cord injury$(80.4\%)$, complete quadriplegia$(86.7\%)$, and inwards during 3-4 months $(82.2\%)$ 8. The largest group of spasticity portion was lower extremity, $53.0\%$. The next groups were hip. 23.9, 23.9, ankle, $8.7\%$, and elbow, $4.3\%$. The largest numbers of the spasticity portions recorded above $60(100.0\%)$, falling $(100.0\%)$, cervical cord injury$(71.4\%)$, incomplete quadriplegia$(71.4\%)$, and inwards during 1-2 months $(100.0\%)$.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2009

목적: 관절경 하 회전근 개 봉합에서 일반적으로 건-봉합간 접촉면 (tenon-suture interface) 에 약한부위 (weak link)가 형성되어 있어 관절경 하 회전근 개 봉합은 개방적 봉합술보다 높은 재파열율을 가진다. 이 연구의 목적은 봉합사를 뼈에 고정할 때 관절경으로 사용할 수 있는 UU (Ulsan University) 봉합과 개방적 변형 MA (Mason-Allen) 봉합의 강도를 비교하는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 한 구의 사체 극상근 건을 채취하여 절반으로 나눈 후 다시 절반을 나누어 사체의 어깨 관절 한 구당 네 개의 건을 만들어 총 24개의 검체를 만들었다. 두 봉합 형태 (UU, MA)는 무작위로 선택하였으며 각각의 건에 시행하였다. 검체는 0.25 Hz에서 5~30N의 조절된 외력하에서 50회 주기 부하 (cyclic loading)를 받았다. 각 검체는 초당 1mm의 전이가 되는 상황하에서 파열이 발생할 때(ultimate tensile load)까지 부하를 받았다. 조건 이완 (condition elongation), peak-to-peak 전이(displacement), 기울기 (stiffness), 최대 인장력 (ultimate tensile load), 파열 양상 (mode of failure) 등을 기록하였다. 결과: 주기 부하 실험에서 두 봉합 형태 간 유의 있는 차이는 없었다. 최대 장력 실험에서 UU 봉합과 변형 MA (Mason-Allen) 봉합 간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다 (109.4 N, and 110.6 N). 양 봉합 형태에서 가장 흔한 파열 양상은 봉합의 빠짐 (suture pull-out)이었다. 결론: UU 봉합과 변형 MA 봉합은 유사한 생역학적 특성을 가진다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1374-1377
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to explore the principle that the joints of the limbs belong to Five Phases in Korean medicine. According to the principle of I-Ching, Ha-Do provides the logic which could attach everything to Five Phases. Ha-Do is composed of the numbers from one through ten, and in order to explain the logic of Universe formation, it furnishes the method of transforming 'immateriality' into 'materiality'. If we apply formation theory of Ha-Do to the joints of the limbs, however, it could be understood that the trunk of body develops the appendages, which means Ha-Do suggests a logic that 'materiality' generates 'materiality' in this case. Therefore, it is not the Water but the Earth that occurs first in the appendages development in this theory, and the shoulder joints belong to the Earth. Following development should occur in order of Five Phases formation of Ha-Do ; that is to say, the elbow joints belong to the Water, the wrist joints belong to the Fire, the finger joints belong to the Wood, and the ends of fingers belong to the Metal.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.468-481
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• 1993

The Purpose of this study was to analyze the stresses and displacements of various post and core. The Finite element models of central incisors were divided into seven types according to the various amount of remaining tooth structures. $10kgf/mm^2$ force was applied respectively as follows : 1) Horizontal on the labial surface 2) $26^{\circ}$ diagonal direction on the lingual surface. Material property, geometry, and load condition of each model were inputted to the two dimensional ANSYS 4.4A finite element program : stresses and displacements were analyzed. Results were follows : 1. In the case of $130^{\circ}$ shoulder post and core, Maximum tensile and shear stresses were observed in the crown margin. 2. Maximum shear stress was about 29% reduced by contrabevel. 3. In the case of 1mm axial tooth structure, Maximum tensile stress observed in the dentin. 4. In the case of but joint of cervix, Maximum stress concentration was observed in the dentin by the inclined and horizontal force. 5. Horizontal force produced the extraordinary high stresses in dentin and supporting structures. 6. The amount of remaining tooth structure affected the level of stress significantly and it determined the location of stress concentration.