• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2019

This study is designed to reduce worker fatigue, improve efficiency and provide a functional working environment based on previous studies that pain occurs in the shoulder area, especially the upper trapezius muscle, when the keyboard height is not appropriate. In this study, the height of the keyboard is four, the height of the elbow and desk is the same height, the height of the desk is 3cm lower than the elbow, the height of the desk is 6cm high, and the height is 9cm high. When working on the keyboard, the wrist and forerunner were organized into four groups of 10 people so that the height was different for each group. When the height of the keyboard is given in various ways compared to the height of the elbow of the subject, it is verified whether there is a difference in the RMS (Root Mean Square) of the upper trapezius muscle. The results of this study showed that the muscle activity of the upper trapezius muscle cap was significant only in the left and right keyboard height -4cm, 0cm, +4cm, +8cm group, but the difference in muscle activity was not significant in the rest group. The first study will require a study of the control of the factors affecting the tension of the subjects, the measurement of muscle activity against various muscles, and whether the length of the shoulder and fingertips of the subject affect muscle activity according to the keyboard type.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.123-129
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• 2013

Among various manual materials handling tasks, pushing/pulling was known to be one of the risk factors for the low back and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study was conducted to find out an optimal solution set of the handle height and distance for 4-wheel cart with two vertical handles. Ten male college students participated in the pushing force measurement experiment. The face-centered cube design, one of the central composite designs, was applied for the experiment, and the isometric voluntary pushing force was measured in 9 treatment conditions. The second order response surface model was predicted by using the pushing strength as a response variable, and the handle height and distance as independent factors. According to the 2nd order response model, the handle height and distance showed nonlinear relationship with the isometric pushing strength. To maximize the 2nd order response model (pushing force), the handle height and distance were optimized. The optimal handle height was 'xyphoid process height - stature', and the optimal handle distance was '$1.25{\times}shoulder$ width'. When calculated using the anthropometric data of the subjects of this study, the optimal handle height was $115.4{\pm}3.4$ cm, slightly higher than the elbow height, and the handle distance was $52.9{\pm}2.3$ cm.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.123-123
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• 2009

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.131-140
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• 2013

Power shoulder look is most noticeable trend in women's wear in the 09/10 season. Specially jackets with sharper angle and wider shoulder became the best item since then, and were chosen for must-have item by fashion directors. Jacket occupied 50% in power shoulder items. Its shoulder angle was from 0 to 30 degree but items with 15 degree stood out among them. There are three methods to make power shoulder look jackets; shoulder extension method with moving shoulder tip up and sleeve cap height, method of extension and cutting sleeve cap with shorten shoulder length, and method of extension and moving shoulder tip up in the sleeve with shoulder line like raglan sleeve. As a result, shoulder angle is higher, starting point of shoulder line is closer to side neck point and shoulder point is extender to outside for appearance and fit. In shoulder extension method, the arm hole line was drawn with care by matching joining shoulder seam and setting the sleeve into the arm hole. In sleeve cap transformation, it is desired that starting point shoulder angle is moved closely to side neck point. In case of the sleeve with shoulder line, it needs to consider enough ease of shoulder and upper arm. For making patterns of power shoulder look jacket, it need to consider arm hole line, shoulder length, shoulder point position, sleeve cap height and sleeve width with interpretation design facts. In this study, through the analysis clothing construction method of power shoulder jacket, it is of help to pattern making for various power shoulder design items.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.881-903
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• 2021

This study aimed to analyze adult men's body sizes and shapes and suggest size specifications to provide preliminary data to academia and industries. A total of 814 adult men aged 30-44 were selected from the 7th Size Korea data, and 55 direct upper body measurement and calculation items were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. In individual Individual differences, thickness, circumference, and width were high, and height and length were low. Height above the waist base line and shoulder dimension decreased in early 40s age group, while height below the waist base line declined as age increased. In addition, buttocks shape changes were found in early 40s age group. According to factor analysis, 'upper body and upper-extremity horizontal size', 'torso height and upper extremity length', 'shoulder dimension', 'upper body length' and 'shoulder angle' were derived. Using clustering analysis, four different body types were classified: i) big abdomen with flat chest, ii) slender with big, raised shoulders, iii) dwarfish with small, droopy shoulders, and iv) obese with large shoulders. 'Slender with big, raised shoulders' was a typical body shape among men aged 30-44. In older participants, the 'big abdomen with flat chest' ratio was low, while 'obese with large shoulders' was more common. This study proposed size specifications by body type considering the above characteristics.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.391-397
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• 2022

Purpose: Recently, as a result of the use of smart devices, the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases in areas such as the neck and shoulders has increased. A common effect is rounded shoulder posture, which badly affects the movement and posture of the scapula, causing musculoskeletal disease. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of three shoulder brace products on rounded shoulder posture. Methods: A total of 12 subjects comprising men and women in their 20s with round shoulder posture participated in this study. Three shoulder brace designs were selected, and the height change of the shoulder acromion in the lying state before and after wearing the braces was measured. Effectiveness verification was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The results confirmed that the different shoulder brace designs had different effects on round shoulder posture. Conclusion: Currently, numerous designs of shoulder braces are being sold, but their effects have not been verified. In the future, more diverse designs of shoulder braces should be studied, and effective shoulder brace designs should be developed and used.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data for sound wear design. The objects' of this study were 331 women's university students. The eight items were the shoulder length, shoulder slope, height, weight, chest girth, neck girth, back length, and back shoulder width. The shoulder length and slopes were measured, compared with the right, the left, and other items. The results were as follows; The difference between the right and left shoulder length did not nearly appear. The mean of the right shoulder slopes was $21.3^{\circ}$, and that of the left was $21.9^{\circ}$. According to increase of the age, the right and left shoulder slope tends to be higher. The maximum distribution was $20.7^{\circ}$. According to increase of the age, the maximum distribution tends to be higher. The left compared with the right shoulder length, the right shoulder length of 90.3% objects' was longer than that of the left. The right and left shoulder length of 4.2% objects' were same. The left shoulder length of 5.4% objects' was longer than that of the right. The left compared with the right shoulder slopes, the right shoulder slopes of 12.7% objects' were higher than those of the left. The both size of 20.5% objects' were equal. The left slopes of 66.8% objects' was higher than those of the right.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.129-140
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• 2022

The purpose of this study to improve the shoulder wheel that is used frequently during shoulder circumduction exercise in a park, to link the shoulder wheel to a game application comprising various shoulder circumduction exercise and shoulder ROM exercise, and to enjoy the game during the exercises. A step motor was added to the shoulder wheel, and the rotating speed and rotating angle, and rotating direction can be controlled. The shoulder height, different for different people, can be controlled as well, so that any user can use this device. The developed application content includes the game elements, to enjoy the repetitive and boring exercise with fun and interest, and the control to adjust the degree of difficulty. This was to help users heighten their desire to rehabilitate by inducing active participation during repetitive shoulder rehabilitation exercise because the game vests users with intrinsic motivation and immersion. If the shoulder wheel and application contents proposed in this study are used, shoulder diseases can be prevented in advance by performing muscle strengthening exercises required in an aging society. This study is expected to contribute to the field of research related to serious games and rehabilitation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2013

This study estimates the measurements required to make garments but omitted from Size Korea 2010. Before the estimation of the measurements, the differences of the measurement methods were reviewed through previous research related to clothing construction and various measurement protocols that include previous Size Korea 2010 projects and ISO. The research target was 308 females aged 20 to 30 who lived in Seoul and the surrounding Gyeonggi province. A total of 43 measurements were obtained by the direct measurement method and analyzed in this study. In addition, 17 measurements which differ from the measurement method were also measured directly. These 17 measurements items were waist height, waist back height, waist height natural indentation, body rise, rise length, waist back length 1 & 2, posterior shoulder length 1 & 2, arm length 1 & 2, upper arm circumference 1 & 2, elbow circumference 1 & 2, and waist circumference 1 & 2. To analyze the differences in measurements, the subjects were divided into 2 age groups (20's and 30's). The results were as follows: First, there were big differences in stature, waist height, shoulder length, total length, and neck shoulder point to breast points by age groups; however, there were no differences in 17 measurement (such as shoulder angles) by age groups. Second, it was determined that 'waist circumference 1 & 2', 'waist back length 1 & 2', 'arm length 1 & 2', 'elbow circumference 1 & 2', 'upper arm circumference 1 & 2' and 'body rise & rise length' had significant differences by measurement methods in the entire group as well as each age group. Third, the values of 8 measurements omitted from Size Korea 2010 were estimated using similar measurements. The results of the correlation analysis were utilized to select reasonable independent measurements. Finally, 10 regression equations were obtained by regression analysis; subsequently, these will be useful for estimation of omitted measurements in Size Korea 2010.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2006

The muscular-skeletal disorders(MSDs) that have become a major issue recently in Korean industrial safety area are mainly caused by manual material handling task. The objective of this study is to provide scientific data for the establishment of work safety standard for Korean workers through the experiments of lifting task under various conditions, in order to prevent the muscular-skeletal disorders in the industrial work site. Eight male college students were recruited as participants. Three different lifting frequencies(1, 3, 5 lifts/min) and three twisting angles(including the sagittal plane and two asymmetric angles; i.e., 0°, 45°, 90°) for symmetric and asymmetric tasks, respectively, with three lifting range from floor to knuckle height, knuckle to shoulder, floor to shoulder height for one hour's work shift using free style lifting technique were studied. The maximum acceptable weight of load(MAWL) was determined under the different task conditions, and the oxygen consumption, heart rate, and RPE were measured or recorded while subjects were lifting their MAWLs. The results showed that: (1) The MAWLs were significantly decreased as the task frequency and task angle increased.; (2) The heart rate, oxygen consumption, RPE significantly increased with an increase in lifting frequency although maximum acceptable weight of lift decreased.; (3) The highest heart rate and oxygen consumption was recorded at the lifting range of floor to shoulder, followed by floor to knuckle and knuckle to shoulder.; (4) The RPE value showed that subjects perceived more exertion at the high frequency rate of lifting task and lifting range of floor to shoulder height. (5) The modeling for MAWL using isometric strength, task angle and lifting frequency were developed. It is expected that use of the results provided in this study may prove helpful in reducing MMH hazards, especially from lifting tasks for Korean, and can be used as a basis for pre-employment screening.