• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1011-1017
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to investigate nutrition education effect in the long term and short term nutrition education intervention for childhood obesity. Seventy-seven obese children aged seven to twelve who visiting obesity clinic in a university hospital were given nutrition education therapy. Long-term as well as short-term education effect had been measured based on reducing level of Body Mass Index (BMI), Relative Body Weight (RBW) and lipid profile as well as dietary behavior. Identification of factors influencing the effect of nutrition education had been tested using multiple regression analysis as well as Main Whitney test. The result showed that nutrition education intervention had a significant impact on reducing the level of BMI, RBW and lipid profile during long term and short term period. Duration of clinic visit and total number of clinic visit were the most significant factors for the short term effect for obesity treatment. However, frequent clinic visit per month was not significant factor on short term effect. Therefore sustained participation for nutrition education by the obese individual seems more important factors than other factors especially for short term effect. Although, there was the tendency of reducing weight with longer duration and frequent clinic visit, and changing health behavior, none of the factors showed statistically significant effect on the long term effect for the obesity treatment. The results may imply that more complex factors involved for the long term treatment of childhood obesity than short term treatment.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.561-569
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• 2019

Solar photovoltaic can provide electrical energy with only radiation, and its use is expanding rapidly as a new energy source. This study predicts the short and long-term PV power generation using actual converter output data of photovoltaic system. The prediction algorithm uses multiple linear regression, support vector machine (SVM), and deep learning such as deep neural network (DNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM). In addition, three models are used according to the input and output structure of the weather element. Long-term forecasts are made monthly, seasonally and annually, and short-term forecasts are made for 7 days. As a result, the deep learning network is better in prediction accuracy than multiple linear regression and SVM. In addition, LSTM, which is a better model for time series prediction than DNN, is somewhat superior in terms of prediction accuracy. The experiment results according to the input and output structure appear Model 2 has less error than Model 1, and Model 3 has less error than Model 2.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.497-508
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to overcome limitations of conventional studies that to predict Baltic Dry Index (BDI). The study proposed applications of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) named Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict BDI. Methods: The BDI time-series prediction was carried out through eight variables related to the dry bulk market. The prediction was conducted in two steps. First, identifying the goodness of fitness for the BDI time-series of specific ANN models and determining the network structures to be used in the next step. While using ANN's generalization capability, the structures determined in the previous steps were used in the empirical prediction step, and the sliding-window method was applied to make a daily (one-day ahead) prediction. Results: At the empirical prediction step, it was possible to predict variable y(BDI time series) at point of time t by 8 variables (related to the dry bulk market) of x at point of time (t-1). LSTM, known to be good at learning over a long period of time, showed the best performance with higher predictive accuracy compared to Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Conclusion: Applying this study to real business would require long-term predictions by applying more detailed forecasting techniques. I hope that the research can provide a point of reference in the dry bulk market, and furthermore in the decision-making and investment in the future of the shipping business as a whole.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1213-1219
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to present a guideline to design a short-term manual measurement of environmental noise level, which is more economical and flexible, but less representative than long-term automatic measurement. The proposed guideline can provide the number of measurement times and the length of measurement term required to secure the extent of the representativeness. The data was collected at 4 sites located in Seoul and at 4 sites located outside of Seoul. The probabilities for five-minute equivalent noise levels, Leq, 5min, to stay in an error range from the quarterly representative noise level were used to evaluate sampling techniques. The probability analysis of the daytime period showed that the noise levels measured between 10 am and 2 pm and between 9 pm and 10 pm have the probabilities higher than 60 %. On the other hand, even for the same length of total measurement time, increasing the number of random samplings results in higher probabilities than increasing the length of measurement term.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.125-131
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• 2014

Objective: Under estrogen deficiency, blastocysts cannot initiate implantation and enter dormancy. Dormant blastocysts live longer in utero than normal blastocysts, and autophagy has been suggested as a mechanism underlying the sustained survival of dormant blastocysts during delayed implantation. Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway and a central component of the integrated stress response. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced within cells during normal metabolism, but their levels increase dramatically under stressful conditions. We investigated whether heightened autophagy in dormant blastocysts is associated with the increased oxidative stress under the unfavorable condition of delayed implantation. Methods: To visualize ROS production, day 8 (short-term dormancy) and day 20 (long-term dormancy) dormant blastocysts were loaded with $1-{\mu}M$ 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-$H_2DCFDA$). To block autophagic activation, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and wortmannin were used in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Results: We observed that ROS production was not significantly affected by the status of dormancy; in other words, both dormant and activated blastocysts showed high levels of ROS. However, ROS production was higher in the dormant blastocysts of the long-term dormancy group than in those of the short-term group. The addition of wortmannin to dormant blastocysts in vitro and 3-MA injection in vivo significantly increased ROS production in the short-term dormant blastocysts. In the long-term dormant blastocysts, ROS levels were not significantly affected by the treatment of the autophagy inhibitor. Conclusion: During delayed implantation, heightened autophagy in dormant blastocysts may be operative as a potential mechanism to reduce oxidative stress. Further, ROS may be one of the potential causes of compromised developmental competence of long-term dormant blastocysts after implantation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.393-399
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• 2010

Enteral nutritional support has been used via tube feeding for dysphagic stroke patients. We performed long and short term trials to evaluate the effects of commercial enteral nutritional supports on nutrition and health in stroke patients (mRS = 3~5) and quality of life in their caregivers. For a long term study, we recruited chronic (${\geq}$ 1 yrs) stroke patients (n = 6) and administered them 6 cans/day (1,200 kcal) of the commercial enteral formula N for 6 months according to IRB-approved protocol. We collected peripheral blood at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months. For a short term study, we recruited acute (${\leq}$ 3 months) stroke patients (n = 12) and randomly administered them two different commercial enteral formulas, N or J, for 2 weeks. We collected their blood at 0, 4, 7 and 14 day of the administration. Blood samples were analyzed to quantify 19 health and nutritional biomarkers and an oxidative stress biomarker, malondialdehyde (MDA). In order to evaluate quality of life, we also obtained the sense of competence questionnaire (SCQ) from all caregivers at 'before' and 'after trials'. As results, the enteral formula, N, improved hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in the long term trial and maintained most of biomarkers within normal ranges. The SCQ levels of caregivers were improved in the long term treatment (P < 0.05). In a case of the short term study, both of enteral formulas were helpful to maintain nutritional status of the patients. In addition, MDA levels were decreased in the acute patients following formula consumption (0.05 < P < 0.1). Most of health and nutrition outcomes were not different, even though there is a big difference in price of the two products. Thus, we evaluate the formula N has equal nutritional efficacy compared to the formula J. In addition, long term use of enteral formula N can be useful to health and nutrition of stroke patients, and the quality of life for their caregivers.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2009

Objectives : To identify target areas and set priorities among those areas identified for national quality evaluation. Methods : Target areas were identified from: i) analysis of the national health insurance claims data, mortality and prevalence data ii) various group surveys, including representatives from 22 medical specialty associations, 19 physician associations, QI staffs in hospital, civil organizations, and commissioners of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA) ⅲ) literature reviews and RAM(RAND/UCLA appropriateness method). The priority areas for national quality evaluation represented the full spectrum of health care and the entire life span. The criteria for selecting the priority areas were impact, improvability, and measurability. The priority areas were divided into three categories : short-term, mid-term, long-term. Results: Based on the group surveys and the data analysis, 46 candidates were selected as quality evaluation priority areas. 13 areas were selected as having a short-term priority areas: tuberculosis, community acquired pneumonia, stroke, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic lower respiratory disease(asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), intensive care unit, emergency room, nosocomial infection, use of antibiotics, multiple medication and renal failure. This results suggested that we need to enlarge the target priority areas to the chronic diseases in short-term. Conclusions: The priority areas identified from the study will assist healthcare quality associated institutions as well as HIRA in selecting quality evaluation areas. It is required to develope and implement strategies for improving the quality of care within the next 5 years.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

The study was conducted with funding from the government (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs) in 2018 with support from the Agricultural, Food, and Rural Affairs Agency, 318069-03-HD040, and in based on artificial intelligence-based HPAI spread analysis and patterning. The model that is actively used in time series and text mining recently is LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory Models) model utilizing deep learning model structure. The LSTM model is a model that emerged to resolve the Long-Term Dependency Problem that occurs during the Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) process of RNN. LSTM models have resolved the problem of forecasting very well using variable sequence data, and are still widely used.In this paper study, we used the data of the Call Detailed Record (CDR) provided by KT to identify the migration path of people who are expected to be closely related to the virus. Introduce the results of predicting the path of movement by learning the LSTM model using the path of the person concerned. The results of this study could be used to predict the route of HPAI propagation and to select routes or areas to focus on quarantine and to reduce HPAI spread.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.227-231
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• 1974

The studies were carried on to set up a short term blood culture method which is essential for doing bovine cytogenetic investigation and to reduce the amount of the various reagents wish better results obtained with modified methods were compared with the results of Basrur's and Halnan's methods, and the following results were obtained. 1. The modified method, with lesser amount of reagents than other methods, produced better results and showed cleaner spreads. 2. Better spreads were obtained, in the modified method, by modifying the hypotonic treatment. 3. Reduction of the PHA to 1/10 comparison with the other methods showed no harmful effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.3 s.102
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• pp.91-106
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences of long-term relationship intention process according to consumer characteristics. Data for this research was collected from 540 women older than 20 years old in Seoul, Gwangju, and Gyeonggi-do. The results are as follows. First, relationship consumers having relationship with stores were different from customers having relationship with a brand in specific store in the long-term relationship intention process. Second, consumers having relationship for a long period and consumers having relationship for a short period showed differences in long-term relationship intention process. Third, strong relationship consumers and weak relationship consumers showed differences in long-term relationship intention process. Forth, involvement groups showed differences in long-term relationship intention process. These results imply that fashion retailers need set up the relationship strategy for subdivision groups along consumer characteristics.