• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.419-424
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• 2005

Objective : Short-term coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarctions defined as the recurrent stroke presented with different type within three weeks. Despite the high recurrence rate of stroke, little attention and insufficient clinical data had been given to short-term coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction's features. This study aims to estimate the risk factors and present the clinical features of short-term coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarctions. Methods : We investigated 18 patients with short-term coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarctions who were admitted to our hospital between January 1995 and January 2005. They were subdivided by the recurrence interval such as a group of within one week and another of between one and three weeks as hyperacute and acute respectively. Results : The mean interval between strokes was 6.64 days. Lesional analysis showed that short-term coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarctions in this study occurred at the other side in 12 cases [66.7%]. The abnormality on the electrocardiographic feature [23.5%] and long-term history of hypertension [20.5%] were the most common risk factors. However, short-term history of diabetes was more common in hyperacute group than in acute group [P<0.05]. The mean number of risk factors was three in acute group. It is larger than that of hyperacute group [P<0.05]. Conclusion : If the patients who experienced cerebrovascular attack have many risk factors, they tend to be the cases of acute coexisting intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarctions than hyperacute. Therefore, that cases are required to be vigilant to the change of patients' state up to three weeks in the treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.7089-7097
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• 2015

Bed changes in the Nakdong River were analyzed with long-term monitoring data for analyzing riverbed change patterns after Four Major Rivers Restoration Project (FMRRP). Also, possible long-term bed changes were predicted using one-dimensional numerical model for the section where the largest change was observed after FMRRP. The sensitive analysis was performed with different incoming sediment discharge conditions and sediment transport equations. The numerical model was calibrated by comparing short-term monitoring data and simulated results, and was applied for predicting bed change after 10 years. As a result of monitoring data analysis, the largest change in bed elevation occurred at the section between the Changnyeong-Haman and Hapcheon-Changnyeong weirs. The result of one-dimensional numerical modeling for 10 years indicated that maximum depositions of 2.07 m and 3.26 m were produced in this section.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1232-1237
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• 2008

This paper introduces an application of wavelet analysis to the sensor fusion of GPS/INS/baroaltimeter. Using wavelet analysis the baro-inertial altitude is decomposed into the low frequency content and the high frequency content. The high frequency components, 'details', represent the perturbed altitude change from the long time trend. GPS altitude is also broken down by a wavelet decomposition. The low frequency components, 'approximations', of the decomposed signal address the long-term trend of altitude. It is proposed that the final altitude be determined as the sum of both the details of the baro-inertial altitude and the approximations of GPS altitude. Then the final altitude exclude long-term baro-inertial errors and short-term GPS errors. Finally, it is shown from the test results that the proposed method produces continuous and sensitive altitude successfully.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.647-652
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• 2015

Background: Lung cancer was one of the most common cancers in both men and women all over the world. In this study, we aimed to clarify who could survive after long term chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We enrolled 186 patients with stage IV NSCLC after long term chemotherapy from Jun 2006 to Nov 2014 diagnosed in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital. Multiple variables like age, gender, smoking, histology of adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell cancer, number of metastatic sites, metastatic sites (e.g. lung, brain, bone, liver and pleura), hemoglobin, lymphocyte rate (LYR), Change of LYR during multiple therapies, hypertension, diabetes, chronic bronchitis, treatments (e.g.radiotherapy and targeted therapy) were selected. For consideration of factors influencing survival and response for patients with advanced NSCLC, logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis were used in an attempt to develop a screening module for patients with elevated survival after long term chemotherapy become possible. Results: Of the total of 186 patients enrolled, 69 survived less than 1 year (short-term group), 45 one to two years, and 72 longer than 3 years (long-term group). For logistic regression analysis, the short-term group was taken as control group and the long-term group as the case group. We found that age, histology of adenocarcinoma, metastatic site (e.g. lung and liver), treatments (e.g. targeted therapy and radiotherapy), LYR, a decreasing tendency of LYR and chronic bronchitis were individually associated with overall survival by Cox regression analysis. A multivariable Cox regression model showed that metastatic site (e.g. lung and liver), histology of adenocarcinoma, treatments (e.g. targeted therapy and radiotherapy) and chronic bronchitis were associated with overall survival. Thus metastatic site (e.g. lung and liver) and chronic bronchitis may be important risk factors for patients with advanced NSCLC. Gender, metastatic site (e.g. lung and liver), LYR and the decreasing tendency of LYR were significantly associated with long-term survival in the individual-variable logistic regression model (P<0.05). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, gender, metastatic site (e.g. lung and liver) and the decreasing tendency of LYR associated with long-term survival. Conclusions: In conclusion, female patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma of NSCLC who had decreasing tendency of LYR during the course therapy and had accepted multiple therapies e.g. more than third-line chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or targeted therapy might be expected to live longer.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.21-40
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• 2015

Heat waves are not new, but due to climate change, the probability of occurrence and severity of heat waves increases, which results in more adverse impacts and damages on local community. Accordingly, the need to tackle heat waves in a more comprehensive and precautionary manner increases. Our study therefore lays emphasis on 1) a long-term plan which not only includes short-term plans in response to the observed damages, but also incorporates relevant sectors to deal with potential impacts in longer term perspective; and 2) a mechanism to manage and adjust the plan in a sustainable manner. In doing so, it examines the impacts of heatwaves and existing plans to tackle them. Based on that, two key conceptual frameworks, namely policy integration and adaptive management, are applied to provide strategies for the development and management of a long-term adapting heatwave plan addressing climate change.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.433-446
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• 2021

In this study, the future flood inundation changes under a climate change were simulated in the Tonle Sap basin in Cambodia, one of the countries with high vulnerability to climate change. For the flood inundation simulation using the rainfall-runoff-inundation (RRI) model, globally available geological data (digital elevation model [DEM]; hydrological data and maps based on Shuttle elevation derivatives [HydroSHED]; land cover: Global land cover facility-moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer [GLCF-MODIS]), rainfall data (Asian precipitation-highly-resolved observational data integration towards evaluation [APHRODITE]), climate change scenario (HadGEM3-RA), and observational water level (Kratie, Koh Khel, Neak Luong st.) were constructed. The future runoff from the Kratie station, the upper boundary condition of the RRI model, was constructed to be predicted using the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. Based on the results predicted by the LSTM model, a total of 4 cases were selected (representative concentration pathway [RCP] 4.5: 2035, 2075; RCP 8.5: 2051, 2072) with the largest annual average runoff by period and scenario. The results of the analysis of the future flood inundation in the Tonle Sap basin were compared with the results of previous studies. Unlike in the past, when the change in the depth of inundation changed to a range of about 1 to 10 meters during the 1997 - 2005 period, it occurred in a range of about 5 to 9 meters during the future period. The results show that in the future RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, the variability of discharge is reduced compared to the past and that climate change could change the runoff patterns of the Tonle Sap basin.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.157-173
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• 2024

This study analyzed the connectivity of the dry bulk carrier market before and after COVID-19 to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the global shipping market. Using the Quantile Time Frequency Connectedness methodology, we analyzed the dynamic connectedness of major dry bulk indices: the Capesize Index (BCI), Supramax Index (BSI), Panamax Index (BPI), and Handysize Index (BHSI). The results are as follows. First, the total spillover connectedness of the dry bulk carrier market increased during the entire period and in the short term after the outbreak of COVID-19, while it slightly decreased in the long term. Second, the roles among the indices changed according to market conditions, with COVID-19 causing the BPI to change from a net receiver to a net transmitter in the short term and the BSI in the long term, affecting net spillover connectedness. Third, it was observed that long-term connectivity tended to increase more than short-term connectedness under extreme conditions. Fourth, the phenomenon of strengthened connectedness under extreme market conditions was confirmed. These results provide important insights into understanding short-term market shocks and long-term stability trends, demonstrating that the connectedness among dry bulk carrier markets strengthens in global crisis situations such as COVID-19. This provides a basis for assessing the resilience and vulnerability of the shipping market and offers useful information for investors and policymakers in crisis management and investment strategy formulation.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.18-29
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• 2019

In the field of Human-Computer Interaction design, persuasive design has gradually been applied to the system development and design process, especially for mobile application design. However, most mobile applications have hitherto a very short using lifecycle. Especially, design features with long-term persuasive effectiveness remain to be further researched and developed. In this study, we focused on investigating and identifying the durative persuasive design characteristics through a data mining process and evaluating the durative effectiveness through a long-term observation process. Total five hundred healthcare-related mobile applications were selected from Apple iTunes Store and a mixed method was conducted to extract the most common persuasive design characteristics. Based on the results of extraction, a representative healthcare-related mobile application was selected as experimental subject. Total one hundred and twenty participants were observed during a six-months experiment and the monitoring data of app usage of all participants was collected once a week. According to the evaluation model for behavior change identification process, participants with habit formation features were proved to have a significant long-term perception level for ten persuasive design characteristics. Further interview research was performed to investigate the participant's long-term perceptions on those characteristics for the purpose of identifying the durative persuasions. The results indicated that a long-term durative effectiveness can be observed and healthcare-related apps designed with those characteristics could have durative effectiveness. This study may contribute to the improvement of future mobile application designs in user experience and durative persuasion, as well as bringing future benefits for both mobile application developers and users.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.322-325
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• 2006

The research project evaluates different infrastructure project delivery methods used internationally. The goal is to define the main benefits, deficiencies, and requirements of the project delivery systems for both the short term and long term perspectives. Also, the research attempts to determine alternatives to modify and to promote change in the current infrastructure project delivery methods in order to make the processes more efficient with value added benefits to all participants.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.45-54
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• 2007

This study was carried out for developing artificial short-term aging(SA) and long-term aging(LA) methods of asphalt mixtures in which the aging level is properly matched with those of RTFO and PAV aged binders, respectively. The specimens were made of the short-term aged loose asphalt mixture which was kept in a convection oven at $154^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and were aged at $110^{\circ}C$ for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours for SA. Large molecular size(LMS) were measured using GPC after SA and LA to evaluate aging extents of each mixture with aging time. It is shown that the LMS was increased with aging time increment and that from the LMS(%) change ratio, it was possible to suggest an appropriate artificial aging time which is corresponding level of aging with RTFO and PAV. It was found that SA was somewhat strong and LA for 48 hours at $110^{\circ}C$ would be appropriate if sort-term aging is properly controlled.