• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.125-143
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• 2015

This study is to propose an 'education-training-certificate of qualification' design of fashion accessories production, which can be applied to education in universities and individuals. It is based on the National Competency Standards (NCS), which was developed through the '2013 National Competency Standards Development Project' for the fashion accessories production. FGI (Focus Group Interviews), which is a research methodology, is carried out on target groups of educational experts and specialists in the field of fashion accessories production. Through this, five courses were suggested; first, 'fashion accessories design' course was proposed for the education and training of 'design development' and 'development of raw materials'. Secondly, 'fashion product production' course was proposed for the education and training of 'production of samples'. Thirdly, 'fashion product manufacture and planning' course was proposed for the competency element units: 'calculation of cost', 'determination of mass production model and price', 'planning of the main manufacturing process' and 'ordering of raw materials'. Lastly, 'mass production of fashion products' course and the 'field practice of fashion product manufacture' course were proposed for the competency element units: 'planning for mass production', 'preparation for mass production', 'mass production' and 'inspection of completed products'. In addition, a new certificate of 'technician of fashion accessory production' was proposed in order to test qualified skills for the fashion accessories production. The test is composed of a written examination of short-answer questions, technical drawing and production.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.181-185
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• 2016

최근 교육과정에서 학생들의 능력 평가는 단순 암기보다 학생들의 종합적인 사고력을 판단할 수 있는 서답형 문항을 늘리는 방향으로 변하고 있다. 그러나 서답형 문항의 경우 채점하는 데 시간과 비용이 많이 들고, 채점자의 주관에 따라 채점 결과의 일관성과 신뢰성을 보장하기 어렵다는 문제가 있다. 이런 점을 해결하기 위해 해외의 사례를 참고하여 국내에서도 서답형 문항에 자동채점 시스템을 적용하는 연구를 진행하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 2014년도에 개발된 '한국어 문장 수준 서답형 문항 자동채점 시스템'의 성능분석을 바탕으로 언어 처리 기능과 자동채점 성능을 개선한 2015년도 자동채점 시스템을 간략하게 소개하고, 각 자동채점 시스템의 성능을 비교 분석한다. 성능 분석 대상으로는 2014년도 국가수준 학업성취도평가의 서답형 문항을 사용했다. 실험 결과, 개선한 시스템의 평균 완전 일치도와 평균 정확률이 기존의 시스템보다 각각 9.4%p, 8.9%p 증가했다. 자동채점 시스템의 목적은 가능한 채점 시간을 단축하면서 채점 기준의 일관성과 신뢰성을 확보하는 데 있으므로, 보완한 2015년 자동채점 시스템의 성능이 향상되었다고 판단할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Production function gives the equation that shows the relationship between the quantities of productive factors used and the amount of product obtained, and can answer a variety of questions. This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between irrigation water used for rice production and rice productivity by the production function which shows the mathematical relation between input and output. METHODS AND RESULTS: The statistical data on rice production and on the amount of irrigation water were used for the production function analysis. The analysis period was separated for 1966-1981 and 1982-2011, based on goal's change on agriculture from 'increasing food' to 'complex farming'. The relation between irrigation and yield considering production function is a short-term production function both before and after 1982. These results can be expressed by the sigmoid relation. When comparing the graphs of the two analyzed periods, there are differences in quantity between the maximum point and the minimum point during the same analysis period, which can be called an 'Irrigation Effect' by the difference of irrigation, and 'Technical Effect' by the difference by inputs like as fertilizers etc. CONCLUSION: The results could be useful as information for assessing the relationship between agricultural water and the productivity of rice and predicting rice productivity by irrigation water in Korea.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.77-89
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• 2019

What are the characteristics of firm executives who have led the fast-growing Korean entertainment industry since the Korean Wave in the early 2000s, and what management implications can be inferred from them? To search for the answer to these questions, we conducted a complete survey of 293 executives from 27 listed Korean entertainment companies. Research has shown that career path diversity has increased in order of general enterprise managers, IT experts, accountants, lawyers and artists, away from the limited human resources level around artists. Thirty three percent of the firms gave stock options to their CEO. This is a positive aspect as data implying that these companies have been striving to do specialization, transparent management, digital and network management, creativity management, and motivational management in the context of sustainablity. However, it was pointed out as an improvement task that the percentage of young(20s and 30s) and female executives is low, even though such people's creativity, sensitivity, initiative and dynamic quality are apt to bring out their advantages especially in the entertainment company, a typical knowledge-creative firms and that the period of the CEO's average tenure was relatively short to 4.02 years.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.197-213
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• 2018

Descriptive problems can be used to grow student's ability of thinking logically and creatively, because it shows if the students had a reasonable way of thinking. Rate of descriptive problems is increasing in middle and high school exams. However, students in middle and high schools are generally used to answering multiple-choice or short-answer questions rather than describing the solving process. The purpose of this paper is to gain a theoretic ground to increase the rate of descriptive problems. In this study, students were to solve some multiple-choice problems, and after a few weeks, to solve the problems of same contents in the form of descriptive problems which requires the students to write the solving process. The difference of the scores were measured for each problems to each students, and students were asked what they think the reason for rise or fall of the score is. The result is as follows: First, average scores of 7 of 8 problems used in this study had fallen when it was in descriptive form, and for 5 of them in the rate of 11.2%~16.8%. Second, the main reason of falling is that the students have actual troubles of describing the solving process. Third, in the case of rising, the main reason was that partial scores were given in the descriptive problems. Last, there seems a possibility gender difference in the reason of falling. From these results, followings are suggested to advance the learning, teaching and evaluation in mathematics education: First, it has to be emphasized enough to describe the solving process when solving a problem. Second, increasing the rate of descriptive problems can be supported as a way to advance the evaluation. Third, descriptive problems have to be easier to solve than multiple-choice ones and it is convenient for the students to describe the solving process. Last, multiple-choice problems have to be carefully reviewed that the possibility of students' choosing incorrect answer with a small mistake is minimal.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.119-133
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• 1997

Continuing shift service of clinical nurses can be not only the cause of occupational dissatisfaction by being connected with the change of circadian rhythm and the burden of duties to be applicable to such changes. But also of inviting the lowering of nursing quality by being affected to the resignation of the nurses as the threat to the health of the nurses. This study has selected 500 nurses at random under non-probability sampling who have been serving by shift in 7 general hospitals which have over 400 sickbeds for the purpose of cross-sectional survey design from Sep. 7 through 20, 1996. Standardized modification of the CMI has been used which was designed for Koreans with Cornell Medical Index developed by Broadman and his fellow workers as the study device. The structure of the device was composed of 35 questions on physical appeal(Chronbach's ${\alpha}=8507$) and 22 questions of mental appeal(Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.8166$ totalling 57 questions. The collected data has been computerrized by using SPSS. General character, present symptom, perceived symptom and others are sought by practical number and percentage, and the health condition comparison followed by general characters was conducted by t-test and ANOVA. The post test was by Duncan's test by the level of p<.05. 1) The items of the answer that they have the physical symptom presently by 50% or over of the nurses were as "Do you often have spells of severe dizziness", "Are your eyes often red or inflamed", "Does press or pain in the head often make like miserable", "Are your ankles often badly swollen", "Do pains in the back make it hard for you to keep up with your work". 2) The items of the answer by over 50% of the nurses as the mental symptom at present were "do you fell bad when criticized?", "Do you get angry when everything is against your will?", "do you get angry when ordered to do this and that?", "do you feel uneasy by such a trifle thing?", "do you tremble or are you freightened by sudden sound?". The mental and physical symptoms which have appeared presently in connection with the shift service have been agreed with each other. But the physical condition has been worse than the mental one. 3) In the physical health conditions followed by demosociological character, there were the significant differences by sex, religion and place of residence(p<.05), and in the mental health conditions, there were the significant differences by age, marital status, residence place and the required time for attending hospital(p<.05). 4) There was significant difference by the degree of satisfaction about the duty in both the physical and mental health conditions. In short, the higher the degree of duty satisfaction, the better the health conditions. 5) There were the significant difference according to the times of night duty and whether they take the drug or not or the kinds of the drugs in the physical health conditions related with the characters of night shift. Mental health conditions in the night shift case showed significant differences according to their taking drug or not or the kinds of the drugs(p<.05). I can confirm that the nurses have been affected continuously by the shift service mentally and physically. The maintenance of the physical and mental health of the nurses and its promotion are very important problem to guarantee the quality nursing in the performance of the nursing service continuously and effectively, so the hospital should make every effort to improve the duty conditions by finding out the causes affecting to their health. In the nursing management viewpoint, I think that elevating the satisfaction degree about the duty would be a great help to the promotion of physical and mental health conditions. But what is most important is that the nurses themselves should take care of themselves in maintaining the good conditions in their service in the hospital.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.97-122
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• 2007

Conventional networking and telecommunications infrastructure characterized by wires, fixed location, and inflexibility is giving way to mobile technologies. Numerous research reports point to the ultimate domination of wireless communication. With the increasing prevalence of advanced cell-phones, various mobile data services (hereafter MDS) are gaining popularity. Although cellular networks were originally introduced for voice communications, statistics indicate that data services are replacing the matured voice service as the growth engine for telecom service providers. For example, SK Telecom, the Korea's largest mobile service provider, reported that 25.6% of revenue and 28.5% of profit came from MDS in 2006 and the share is growing. Statistics also indicate that, in 2006, the average revenue per user (ARPU) for voice didn't change but MDS grew seven percents from the previous year, further highlighting its growth potential. MDS is defined "as an assortment of digital data services that can be accessed using a mobile device over a wide geographic area." A variety of MDS have been deployed, with a few reaching the status of killer applications. Many of them need to access the Internet through the cellular-phone infrastructure. In the past, when the cellular network didn't have acceptable bandwidth for data services, SMS (short messaging service) dominated MDS. Now, Internet-ready, next-generation cell-phones are driving rich digital data services into the fabric of everyday life, These include news on various topics, Internet search, mapping and location-based information, mobile banking and gaming, downloading (i.e., screen savers), multimedia streaming, and various communication services (i.e., email, short messaging, messenger, and chaffing). The huge economic stake MDS has on its stakeholders warrants focused research to understand associated dynamics behind its adoption. Lyytinen and Yoo(2002) pointed out the limitation of traditional adoption models in explaining the rapid diffusion of innovations such as P2P or mobile services. Also, despite the increasing popularity of MDS, unexpected drop in its usage is observed among some people. Intrigued by these observations, an exploratory study was conducted to examine decision factors of MDS usage. Data analysis revealed that the increase and decrease of MDS use was influenced by different forces. The findings of the exploratory study triggered our confirmatory research effort to validate the uni-directionality of studied factors in affecting MDS usage. This differs from extant studies of IS/IT adoption that are largely grounded on the assumption of bi-directionality of explanatory variables in determining the level of dependent variables (i.e., user satisfaction, service usage). The research goal is, therefore, to examine if increase and decrease in the usage of MDS are explained by two separate groups of variables pertaining to information quality and system quality. For this, we investigate following research questions: (1) Does the information quality of MDS increase service usage?; (2) Does the system quality of MDS decrease service usage?; and (3) Does user motivation for subscribing MDS moderate the effect information and system quality have on service usage? The research questions and subsequent analysis are grounded on the two factor theory pioneered by Hertzberg et al(1959). To answer the research questions, in the first, an exploratory study based on 378 survey responses was conducted to learn about important decision factors of MDS usage. It revealed discrepancy between the influencing forces of usage increase and those of usage decrease. Based on the findings from the exploratory study and the two-factor theory, we postulated information quality as the motivator and system quality as the de-motivator (or hygiene) of MDS. Then, a confirmative study was undertaken on their respective role in encouraging and discouraging the usage of mobile data service.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1997

Experiments done in traditional physics laboratories have been criticized for giving too detailed instruction so that student could follow the experimental procedure without understanding. This type of experiment is often called "cookbook experiment." Cookbook experiment was known to be little help to understand the physics concepts and to increase student interest. To solve these problems with traditional cookbook experiment, non-directive introductory physics laboratory was designed and tried with the freshmen of Department of Physics Education of Seoul National University. Non-directive laboratory was characterized by the lack of step by step instruction for students to follow. The instruction students received consisted of the goal of experiment, a short introduction, and a list of suggested materials to be used. Student designed the experimental procedure and decided what material they wanted to use. One group submitted one lab report as a group to encourage cooperation among students. Lab report could be written in any form students wanted and no penalty point was given to poor data or inappropriate theory, etc to encourage taking risks. Penalty points were given if the students did not get involved during class hours. Student received extra point for being creative and / or working hard. Teaching assistants used Socratic dialogue in helping students to find their own way instead of explaining what they had to do. Students' interest about the non-directive experiment was studies at the of the semester. A questionnaire was made for students to answer. The questionnaire consisted of four categories, the equipment and the laboratory, the experimental procedure, the lab report, and teaching assistant. For each category, student were asked to explain the differences from other laboratory classes, features they liked and the reasons why they do, features they did not like and why they did not. At the end of the questionnaire, students were asked what hey wanted to change and what they did not. They also could put any opinion they had other than the questions asked. Student overall opinion was very positive. All the students said they liked the lack of detailed experimental procedure because it gave them the feeling of achievement, made them feel challenged and think in more diverse and creative ways. Students liked the lab report because group report forced them to discuss more and the free form lab report helped them to focus on the what they did. Student responses about the teaching assistant was also positive but not as enthusiastic as the experimental procedure or lab report. However students recognised that the role of the teaching assistant was as a guide, a supporter, or a facilitator.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.3-16
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• 2018

Despite the substantial changes made in the product design field to adopt light as an essential design element, there has been little effort to define how customers respond emotionally to the light design of products. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the emotional effect of light as a new design element. However, previous research focuses solely on deriving optimal lighting conditions to achieve particular emotional effects. Therefore, this paper investigates the customers' desired emotional effects of product's light design. We studied refrigerators that utilize light as the main design element of the product. We applied mixed methods by combining close-ended questions and open-ended question to efficiently derive the desired emotion. Participants were asked to choose the most favorable refrigerator image in each of the twelve image groups and indicate why they choose that image with the short-answer survey form. Approximately one thousand terms were collected, and those terms were classified into 29 groups using thesaurus relationships. The term groups were again classified into the four big emotion categories and labelled as "abstract quality," "light property," "space perception," and "visual comfort." Also, a model of the relationship between desired light style and light properties was proposed, since we observed the light properties related to three other categories. This study used mixed methods to identify the emotional value of a new design element. We suggest that the emotional categories derived and the proposed relationship model could be used to evaluate the product's light design.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.45-53
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find out the most effective evacuation alarm sound which is the one of the most important element of the evacuation guidance system as a fundamental mechanism to minimize the damages of a fire. In this regard, a survey was conducted against the firefighting officers and the general public with questions about the general awareness of fire and their preference to various kinds of fire alarm sounds. The result showed that 1) even though the awareness of the interviewees on fire was improving while there were in familiar places like homes or works. But, when they were situated in unfamiliar locations, the fire safety awareness could not be deemed to be strong. This in turn calls for the education of the public and improvement of the existing policies for the enhancement of the fire related safety awareness in unfamiliar environments. 2) For the question about the possible time they could survive in a fire or the time required for safe evacuation, it turned out that the interviewees were thinking of the time required for evacuation to be short, which calls for proper actions. 3) When the visibility in a fire situation is highly limited, the most preferred answer for the alarm sound was a female voice, saying "The emergency exit is this way," accompanies with flashing lights of sirens for the emergency evacuation guidance.