• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 1989

The plant height, shoot numbers and dry matter weight in both bulrush and rice were increased by high level of nitrogen fertilizer and especially the dry matter weights in both species were sharply increased by high level of nitrogen fertilizer. The plant height, dry matter weight in rice, and shoot, and dry matter weight in bulrush were increased by high level of phosphorus fertilizer. The deficient symptom disappeared with change of low level into high level phosphorus in rice. The plant height, dry matter weight and shoot numbers in rice and bulrush were increased by high level of potassium fertilizer. In the inter-specific competition in bulrush according to various water levels, the plant heights in both species elongated longer with deep water levels, and the plant height and dry matter weight in bulrush were more sharply decreased than in rice by deep water levels. The shoot numbers and dry matter weight were critically dropped above 6-8 cm water level. In case of the shoot numbers for light source, in both species were more decreased in mixed culture than each monoculture. The exserted shoot length and weight in bulrush were larger than those in rice. The shaded shoot dry weight was more decreased in mixed culture than in each monoculture, and the decrement was larger in bulrush than in rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.78 no.4
• /
• pp.401-411
• /
• 1989

The embryos of Pinus taeda, P. rigida, and P. taeda ${\times}$ rigida were cultured for adventitious shoot regeneration in vitro. Culture media were modified from Gresshoff and Doy (MGD), Murashige and Skoog (MMS), Lloyd and McCown (MLM), and Schenk and Hildebrandt (MSH). NAA was added to initiation media at a concentration of 0.1 or 0.01 mg/l. BAP was used at the concentrations of 0.1. 0.5, 1, 2, or 5mg/l. Each explant was induced for 3-4 weeks on solid medium. All explants were cultured up to 16 weeks. Illumination was about $1506{\pm}540lux$ at the level of the tissues in the growth room with a temperature of $25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. A 16-hour photoperiod per 24 hours was used. Half-strength medium was used for all the subcultures. For shoot production by loblolly pine, MMS, MLM, or MSH is preferred with 5 mg/l BAP with either 0.1 or 0.01 mg/l NAA. For shoot production by pitch pine, MMS, MLM, or MSH is recommended with 2 or 5 mg/l BAP with 0.1 mg/l NAA. For shoot production by the hybrid pine, MMS or MLM is more effective with 1, 2 or 5 mg/l BAP with 0.1 mg/l NAA. There were no differences recognized among the species tried in the patterns of bud formation and shoot development. Different composition of media, in major and minor salts or possibly in vitamins, should be tested for the two developmental stages of adventitious shoots ; the induction of shoot buds and the elongation of them into shoots.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.164-170
• /
• 2017

A rapid and efficient in vitro regeneration system was established for Hibiscus syriacus L. The successful regeneration protocol employs induction of shoot organogenesis on leaf, petiole, and root explants. Among the various plant growth regulators evaluated, thidiazuron (TDZ) was the most effective for inducing rapid shoot formation. Most efficient shoot regeneration frequency was obtained from Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 0.01 mg/L TDZ. Regeneration efficiency was highest in the roots, and lowest in the leaves. A combination of 0.01 mg/L TDZ with benzyladenine (BAP) markedly improved the frequency of shoot differentiation from the root (up to 98%) and petiole (up to 88%) explants. Furthermore, leaf and petiole explants showed the highest frequency of shoot induction in half-strength MS media containing 0.01 mg/L TDZ and 1.0 mg/L BAP, while root explants formed the greatest number of shoots when 0.01 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L BAP were added to half-strength MS media. Although the frequency of shoot differentiation from leaf explants was only 50%, the leaf is considered the most efficient plant organ for use in tissue culture because leaves are easier to obtain than roots and petioles. Our findings show that various organs of H. syriacus can be used for plant regeneration, and the protocol developed in this study may be applicable in the horticulture industry.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2009

An efficient micropropagation protocol based on multiple shoot induction and callus regeneration has been standardized in Sarcostemma brevistigma, a rare medicinal plant. The nodal cuttings were cultured on MS medium supplemented with BA ($0.5-8{\mu}M$) or Kn ($0.5-8{\mu}M$) alone or in combination with NAA ($0.5-1.5{\mu}M$). Maximum multiple shoot induction was observed on MS medium supplemented with $4{\mu}M$ BA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 11.3 shoots per explant. However, the average shoot length was limited to only 0.9 cm on this medium. The addition of $1{\mu}M$ NAA along with $4{\mu}M$ BA gave rise to an average number of 10.9 shoots with an average shoot length of 1.8 cm. Luxuriantly growing callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with BA ($5{\mu}M$) and 2,4-D ($2{\mu}M$). The callus was subcultured on MS medium supplemented with BA ($2-15{\mu}M$) or Kn ($2-15{\mu}M$) alone or in combination with NAA ($0.5-2{\mu}M$) for shoot organogenesis. Optimum callus regeneration was obtained on MS medium supplemented with $10{\mu}M$ BA and $1{\mu}M$ NAA. On this medium, 100% cultures responded with an average number of 13.4 shoots per culture. The shoots obtained via multiple shoot induction and organogenesis were rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with NAA ($1-7{\mu}M$) or IBA ($1-7{\mu}M$). IBA was better than NAA in terms of both the percentage of cultures that responded and the average number of roots per explant. The rooted shoots were successfully transplanted to soil with 86% success. This standardized protocol will help to conserve this rare medicinal plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.241-246
• /
• 2004

The bulb scales and shoot sections ($7\;\cal{mm}\;\times\;15\;\cal{mm}$) of Lilium oriental hybrid 'Casablanca' were cultured to compare bulblet growth in vitro. Shoots were induced from in vitro grown bulbscales on MS medium with $1.0\;\cal{mg/L}\;BA,\;0.5\;\cal{mg/L}$ IAA, and 30 g/L sucrose. The regenerated shoots were cut into shoot sections, and cultured on MS medium with $2.0\;\cal{mg/L}\;BA,\;0.5\;\cal{mg/L}$ IAA and 30 g/L sucrose for shoot proliferation. Culture of shoot sections stimulated bulblet growth significantly than the bulb scales on MS medium with 60 g/L sucrose. However, the bulblets from shoot sections did not reach ideal size to produce stems with several leaves. Therefore, liquid medium was added into the same vessels to stimulate bulblet growth further. After shoot sections were cultured on MS medium with 60 g/L sucrose and 2 g/L activated charcoal for two months in dark, $20\;\cal{ml}$ liquid media containing various concentrations of sucrose and MS salts were added. Two months later, the added liquid medium stimulated bulblet growth remarkably as compared to bulblets grown without added liquid medium. The added $25\;\cal{ml}$ liquid medium containing 120 g/L sucrose and double strength of MS salts were the most effective for growth of in vitro bulblets. More than $94\%$ bulblets produced by this method sprouted stems with several leaves after cold treatment at $5^{\circ}C$ for three months.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.102-107
• /
• 1984

This study was undertaken to know the possibility of in vitro propagation of Stevia through axillary bud culture and the results indicated that: (1) Addition of NAA (0.01-0.05 mg/l) alone on Murashige-Skoog basal medium promoted shoot differentiation and growth rate. And also additional of kinetin of 0.5-1.0 mg/1 alone showed the same trend as that of NAA: (2) Addition of both NAA (0.01-0.05 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5-1.0mg/l) to MS medium promoted better shoot formation. (3) Shoot differentiation and growth were better on the full salt strength of MS medium (1X MS) than that of half strength ( $\frac{1}{2}$MS), while their effects were reversed for root differentiation

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.45-45
• /
• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.323-323
• /
• 2005

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.469-474
• /
• 2000

Effect of the antibiotic carbenicillin on callus and shoot formation from the leaf disc culture of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. BY-4) was examined. The number of shoot induced from the leaf explants was decreased as the amount of carbenicillin increased from 250 mg/L to 2,000 mg/L on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L of BAP or kinetin. In addition, calli formation from the leaf explants was increased by the treatment of 250 mg/L ∼ 500 mg/L carbenicillin with or without 0.5 mg/L of 2,4-D or NAA. However, the fresh weight of 4-week-cultured explants was decreased with increasing carbenicillin from 250 mg/L to 2,000 mg/L on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L of 2,4-D or NAA. These results indicate that carbenicillin has an auxin-like effect, such as promoting callus formation and inhibiting shoot induction. It leads to the conclusion that the auxin-like property should be taken into account for the production of transgenic plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 2007

In vitro shoot regeneration and multiple shoot induction has been obtained from the stolen node explants in Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. The highest number of shoots ($10.66{\pm}0.21$) was observed from initial explants after one month culture duration on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzyladenine (BA: 0.5 mg/l). First generation shoot was excised and sub-cultured on the same fresh media for further multiplication of shoots. An enhanced number of second round shoots ($15.33{\pm}0.21$) was obtained compared to the initial culture media containing BA (0.5 mg/l). The number of shoots/stolon node was higher among all the concentrations of BA than kinetin (KN). In vitro regenerated shoots were successfully rooted in the phytohormone free MS medium. Plantlets generated with roots were transferred to pots containing compound mixture of soil and kept in green house conditions. Acclimatized plants showed 100% survival rate with normal morphology in green house conditions. The present study demonstrates the effect of explant and different plant growth regulators towards in vitro response in E. ophiuroides. Moreover, the study reveals the effect of cytokinin on induction of shoot number per stolen node explant in E. ophiuroides.