• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2024

This paper addresses the increasing cyber attacks exploiting security vulnerabilities in software due to the rise in web applications. CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) attacks pose a serious threat to web users and developers and must be prevented in advance. CSRF involves performing malicious requests without the user's consent, making protection methods crucial for web applications. This study compares and verifies the CSRF defense performance of two frameworks, Spring Security and Apache Shiro, to propose an effectively applicable framework. The results show that both frameworks successfully defend against CSRF attacks; however, Spring Security processes requests faster, averaging 2.55 seconds compared to Apache Shiro's 5.1 seconds. This performance difference stems from variations in internal processing methods and optimization levels. Both frameworks showed no significant differences in resource usage. Therefore, Spring Security is more suitable for environments requiring high performance and efficient request processing, while Apache Shiro needs improvement. These findings are expected to serve as valuable references for designing web application security architectures

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1800-1805
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• 2008

Shiro-abhyanga is one of treatments of Ayurveda, which is the ancient system of health care and medicine in India. In this essay, I examined the effect of Shiro-abhyanga for relaxing stress of women in twentieth by the means of the brain wave test. The brain wave test showed that Shiro-abhyanga reduced Delta and Theta waves of the left brain but increased $\alpha$, SMR, Low-$\beta$ waves of the right brain. Delta and Theta waves are usually found in sleeping time. Their high measurement in awakening instructs the stress and depressing situations of objects. However the treatment of Shiro-abhyanga made the decrease of Delta and Theta waves and the increase of Alpha wave in working time. Alpha wave appears while objects are comfortable and peaceful from the relaxation of body and mind. Therefore the growth of Alpha wave says that the treatment of Shiro-abhyanga has an effect on mitigation of stress.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.40-47
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• 2006

This study examined concepts and expressional relations with Rene Maggritte works that had influence upon design expressions of Shiro Kuramata who brought name of things to the extreme to give new values and functions at the end. Rene Maggritte who was a representative surrealism painter in Belgium had a lot of influence and inspiration on the art world including pop art and conceptual art in the middle of the 20th century and so many modern artists. Rene Maggritte unreasonably placed object of ordinary things that people could know to combine them and to make people's thought be free from ideas. Shiro Kuramata worked at wide areas including the space, lighting, furniture and products to be well known as a designer who could create concepts. Shiro Kuramata designed indoor space and furniture not by making forms but by being free from customary names and concepts of things to examine substance and to discover unlimited possibility and to create new visual functions. And, such a thing made people be free from names and concepts that they cognized for a long time, and it brought freedom to things. This study investigated correlations of work concepts and expressions of Rene Maggritte and Shiro Kuramata to bring new inspiration and expansion to people's thought methods and design methodology regarding concepts of things.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.92-101
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• 2000

This study aims to inquire into the expressive characters of Shiro Kuramata's works regarding his design languages. His design languages, based on sentimentality and aesthetics characteristic of the orient and his unique memories and experiences, can be defined as nongravitation, fioatation and transparency. And the definition can be completed by his unique extinguishing technique, eliminating the structure with materials without feature, such as glass and acrylic and expanded metal, steel mash and 'Star piece Terrazzo' a material which he has invented. This study examines Shiro Kuramata's design works from the late 1960's to 1991, the year of his death, the background of his growth and the art and people who have influenced him. It also looks into the indigenous cultural background and his unique memories and experiences. The study also considers his furniture works and interior design to read his languages properties of the materials and expressive techniques. The study presents data on Shiro Kuramata and puts forwards the significance of his works and tries to lead the way of the interior design by application techniques of materials.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.229-241
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• 2012

Kuramata Shiro's design has been evaluated as an unseen type of beauty. He created totally different aesthetics from functional furniture by utilizing glass, acrylic, and expanded steel mesh which usually are inappropriate for making furniture. Kuramata told that his design always starts from zero status. By doing so, he could be free from the existing notion and form of furniture. This means that every function and every form must be based on his own understanding and experiment in order to produce newness. Owing to these efforts, we can regard his design as artworks. Kuramata tried to bring forth formative lines inside contour of furniture rather than to deform only the formal outlines of furniture. These lines are very delicate and sometimes ephemeral. But they establish formal potentiality of phenomenological being of beauty. Also those lines are built from humble industrial material but they open the truth of thing itself and introduce the beauty to field of aletheia. At the same time, transcending limitation of function and use, they leave pure form and temporariness. So, lines become a field of Heideggerian rift which produces embodiment of form. We can appreciate his design through these lines that are relatively thin but vivid enough to follow his original world of art.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to define concept and characteristics of "Unphenomenon", the design concept conceived by Shiro Kuramata who is a world renowned Japanese interior designer and to explore how his ideas were materialized in his works. This study 1) examines his experience during his childhood reflected in his essay The scenery of the Unphenomenon' and training in Kuwazawa Design Institute that made Shiro Kuramata a true interior designer, and also considers how his design philosophy had been built up and realized under the unique social situation at the time. 2) defines the concept and characteristics of "Unphenomenon" as substance of his design philosophy by surveying remarks in his books and comments made by people around him in press interviews. 3) concludes his own design method and uniqueness by analyzing his works based on them. As a result, the study has founded that 1) transparency as recognitive realization of existence and non-existence: non-existence of physical property, connotation, ambiguity 2) expression of uncommonness by correcting and reinterpreting common prejudices: flotation, distortion of scale and shape 3) realization of insubstantiality by removing and replacing material and shape: replacement into light, removal of the structure, multiple layers of meaning.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.61-65
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• 2004

This study aims to inquire into the expressive characters of Shiro Kuramata's works. Kuramata, who was active between mid of 1960's to 1990's, went beyond the limits of range of the eastern world, is known internationally. His design philosophy is influencing the current design world greatly. To understand his background and to reexamine his characteristics suggest to us various materials and design languages to be seen forms and principles of his works. I presents data on Shiro Kuramata and puts forwards the significance of his works and tries to lead the way of the design by application techniques of materials on this study.

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.211-211
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• 2004

• The Optical Journal
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• s.175
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• pp.41-49
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• 2019

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.733-734
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• 2005