• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.1 s.24
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• pp.39-45
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• 2006

Based on the previous studies on alcohol effects on human behaviour and performance in transportation system such as air-plane and car driving, the alcohol exposure before and on watch of a ship has a great influence on subsequent behaviour. In this paper, to examine the drinking status of officers on board multiple choice questionnaires are circularized under instruction and surveyed for 118 officers. According to the results of the questionnaire survey on alcohol dependency (Alcoholism) that was invented by WHO, over 27 % of those surveyed represented alcohol abuse symptoms. In addition to that, the existing state and awareness for on-board-drinking was summarized to make a scenario of drink-operation with a ship handling simulator to investigate the effect of alcohol (0.08 g% blood alcohol concentrations) on ship operational performance. A main effect for alcohol was found indicating that ship operational performance was comparatively impaired by this alcohol relative to performance in the non-alcohol condition The results of this research can be applied to minimize marine accidents as basic data.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.97-103
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• 2016

The precise prediction of ships propulsion performance is very important to find out the ships optimum route. This paper describes the development of computer program to generate the database of propulsion performance for the ships optimum routing system. The propulsion performance of ship in the sea is caused by not only ships conditions such as drift and hull roughness, but also various sea conditions such as wave and wind. These prediction methods of added resistance are based on the ships speed trial analysis methods of the ISO 15016:2002 standard, and a few prediction methods of the wind and hull roughness are supplemented. These prediction methods have been applied to the comprehensive computer program. And the database calculation for the research ice breaker the Araon has been carried out, which shall be used for the calculation of optimum route. Furthermore, this program shall be used for the route optimization in global shipping routes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2006

The evaluation of safety of simulated maneuvers is frequently analysed by so called goal line or point of interest. This paper is to suggest that regarding the results of simulation the goal analysis and in length analysis are investigated respectively and the availability of which is effective and is also to suggest closest distance to channel boundary at each ship's position, not centerline, as one of proximity measures.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.268-276
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• 2015

A ship's sailing route or plan is determined by the master as the decision maker of the vessel, and depends on the characteristics of the navigational environment and the conditions of the ship. The trajectory, which appears as a result of the ship's navigation, is monitored and stored by a Vessel Traffic Service center, and is used for an analysis of the ship's navigational pattern and risk assessment within a particular area. However, such an analysis is performed in the same manner, despite the different navigational environments between coastal areas and the harbor limits. The navigational environment within the harbor limits changes rapidly owing to construction of the port facilities, dredging operations, and so on. In this study, a support vector machine was used for processing and modeling the trajectory data. A K-fold cross-validation and a grid search were used for selecting the optimal parameters. A complicated traffic route similar to the circumstances of the harbor limits was constructed for a validation of the model. A group of vessels was composed, each vessel of which was given various speed and course changes along a specified route. As a result of the machine learning, the optimal route and voyage data model were obtained. Finally, the model was presented to Vessel Traffic Service operators to detect any anomalous vessel behaviors. Using the proposed data modeling method, we intend to support the decision-making of Vessel Traffic Service operators in terms of navigational patterns and their characteristics.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.5 s.121
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• pp.325-332
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• 2007

This study develops a control algorithm on berthing/unberthing system using a joystick for ships with thrusters and a rudder. A nonlinear mathematical model for low speed maneuvering of typical container ships is used to develop a MIMO(multi-input multi-output) nonlinear control algorithm for velocity feedback joystick control. Also a virtual HILS(hardware in the loop simulation) software program for berthing/unberthing is developed to test the performance of the nonlinear and a PID control algorithm. The program is developed using LabWindow/CVI, and a user can see current position and desired trajectory of ship in a monitor, then he can control forward and yaw velocities of a ship using a joystick. The simulation results show that the nonlinear mfd the PID controller have superior performance over a simple open loop joystick control algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 2023

An INS is a composite navigation system providing "added value" so defined if work stations provide Multi-Function Displays(MFDs) integrating information and functions for navigational tasks. Even though the minimum requirements for an INS are defined by IMO performance standards, a generic list of the devices and functions that constitute an INS does not exist, so the configuration of the INS is different for each manufacturer, and guidelines based on users' perspectives are also insufficient. This study was conducted to enhance the usability of the INS by analyzing the information required by users according to the ship's operating status and tasks and effectively structuring it in the MFD of the INS. By analyzing INS-related international standards and manufacturers' component equipment lists, mandatory navigation information was selected and card sorting tests were conducted on ship operators with experience in using MFDs to group the information required for each INS task. The results of the study can serve as a basic guideline for manufacturers to structure information based on users' experience when designing products.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2021

According to IMO, MASS is defined as a vessel operated at various levels independent of human interference. The safety navigation support service for MASS is designed to improve the safety and efficiency of MASS by developing public services on shore for ship arrivals/departures and for cargo handling. The safety navigation support service consists of a total of six types of services: autonomous operation, berthing/unberthing/mooring, cargo handling and ship arrival/departure service, PSC inspection, condition monitoring, and accident response support services. In order to support accident response service, the relative importance of a bridge navigational equipment was assessed by stratifying the navigation system to provide safe and efficient support services by objective judgment through specific and quantitative methods using AHP, one of decision-making methods used by an expert group. The survey was conducted by dividing the bridge navigational equipment into depth, location, and speed information. As a result of applying the AHP method, the importance of depth, location, and speed information was assessed. The relative importance of each equipment for providing location information was also assessed in order of Radar, DGPS, ECDIS, Gyro compass, Autopilot, and AIS. This was similar to survey results on the utilization of each operator's preference and its impact on marine accidents.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.1 s.117
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

The evaluation of safety of simulated maneuvers is frequently analysed by so called goal-line or point of interest in Korea. For the purpose of warning the risk in the proximity measure composed of only the goal-line analysis, this paper utilized Korea Institute of Maritime and Fisheries Technology(KIMFT) which houses a real-time, full-mission shiphandling simulator to examine the goal-line and in-length analyses in the outbound channel of Kwangyang port as an example. It used a 15,000 TEU container ship as a model under environmental conditions of the northwestly 26-knot wind and 2.2-knot ebb current. The result of two analyses showed the probability invading the channel boundary obtained by the goal-line analysis is a little greater than that of the in-length analysis. Therefore it was acknowledged that the proximity measure by the goal-line analysis alone may be followed by some risk. In addition, this paper was to suggest the closest distance to channel boundary from the ship's edge as one of proximity measures, instead of using the ship's deviation from the centerline of channel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.141-152
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• 2022

As a method to understand the ecological habits around the artificial reef, various reports such as fishing gear survey, diving, sound survey, underwater CCTV and camera, etc. are reported. Among them, the sound survey method is carried out by installing an acoustic system on the ship and can be investigated regardless of the marine environment such as time constraints and turbidity. Such method, however, takes a lot of manpower and time as the ship travels at a constant speed. Investigations around artificial reefs are being conducted in an artificial way, and a lot of time and labor are consumed as such. Maritime buoys have been operated for various purposes such as route signs, weather observation, marine environment monitoring and defense monitoring for navigation safety in the past, but studies on monitoring systems for ecological habits and distribution of fish using marine buoys are remarkably insufficient. Therefore, this study aims to develop a system that allows users to directly monitor fish group detector data by estimating the distribution of fish groups around artificial reefs and using wireless communication at sea. In order to confirm the suitability of the maritime buoy used in this study, it was operated to compare data using LTE-equipped buoys capable of wireless communication and a data logger-type system buoy. Data transmission of buoys capable of LTE communication was carried out in a 10-minute ON, 10-minute OFF method due to the limitation of the power supply capacity, and data of the data logger-type buoy received full data. We compared and analyzed the data received from the two fish detectors. It is expected that real-time monitoring of the wireless buoy detection device using LTE will be possible through future research.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2009

This paper describes empirical approach methodology for the quantitative risk assessment of maritime transportation accident (MTA) of a merchant ship. The principal aim of this project is to estimate the risk of MTA that could degrade the ship safety by analyzing the underlying factors contributing to MTA based on the IMO's Formal Safety Assessment techniques and, by assessing the probabilistic risk level of MTA based on the quantitative risk assessment methodology. The probabilistic risk level of MTA to Risk Index (RI) composed with Probability Index (PI) and Severity Index (SI) can be estimated from proposed Maritime Transportation Accident Model (MTAM) based on Bayesian Network with Bayesian theorem Then the applicability of the proposed MTAM can be evaluated using the scenario group with 355 core damaged accident history. As evaluation results, the correction rate of estimated PI, $r_{Acc}$ is shown as 82.8%, the over ranged rate of PI variable sensitivity with $S_p{\gg}1.0$ and $S_p{\ll}1.0$ is shown within 10%, the averaged error of estimated SI, $\bar{d_{SI}}$ is shown as 0.0195 and, the correction rate of estimated RI, $r_{Acc}$(%), is shown as 91.8%. These results clearly shown that the proposed accident model and methodology can be use in the practical maritime transportation field.