• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.203-215
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• 2021

Current industrial practices and approaches are simplified and do not describe the actual behavior of plated elements of offshore topside structures for safety design due to fires. Therefore, it is better to make up for the defective methods with integrated fire safety design methods based on fire resistance characteristics such as residual strength capacity. This study numerically investigates the residual strength of steel stiffened panels exposed to hydrocarbon jet fire. A series of nonlinear finite element analyses (FEAs) were carried out with varying probabilistic selected exposures in terms of the jet fire location, side, area, and duration. These were used to assess the effects of exposed fire on the residual strength of a steel stiffened panel on a ship-shaped offshore structure. A probabilistic approach with a feasible fire location was used to determine credible fire scenarios in association with thermal structural responses. Heat transfer analysis was performed to obtain the steel temperature, and then the residual strength was obtained for the credible fire scenarios under compressive axial loading using nonlinear FEA code. The results were used to derive closed-form expressions to predict the residual strength of steel stiffened panels with various exposure to jet fire characteristics. The results could be used to assess the sustainability of structures at risk of exposure to fire accidents in offshore installations.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2013

본 논문은 소형 선박의 비상재난 발생 시 외부 VHF 장비와 연동하여 재난 상황을 자동으로 속보하는 기능을 수행하는 소형 선박용 재난자동속보장치에 대한 내용이다. 재난자동속보장치는 소형 선박의 재난 발생을 방지 또는 신속 대응하기 위한 시스템인 소형 선박재난분석시스템의 일부 장치에 해당하는 것으로서 선박재난분석시스템으로부터 재난 인지 신호와 GPS 위치 정보를 입력 받는다. 비상 상황 발생 시 위치 정보를 구조 요청의 음성 신호로 변환하여 외부 VHF 장비를 통해 송출한다. VHF 장비와 재난자동속보장치가 물에 잠기기 전까지 계속적인 음성 구조 신호를 송출할 수 있도록 한다. 본 연구를 통해 소형선박에 발생할 수 있는 갑작스런 재난상황의 대응과 인명손실을 예방할 수 있으리라 기대한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.336-343
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• 2009

Because ships are very isolated and independent objects when sailing on the ocean, if a fire and smoke occurs, nobody can be sure to escape safely from ship at the moment. On the focus of the relationship between the sight transmissivity by fire smoke density and the life safety, this study performs simulations and experiments, respectively. To evaluate the theoretical evacuation time, CFAST software which is known as a 2 zone model analysis tool is used, and the result is 54 seconds from ECR(Engine Control Room) exit to upper deck exit and 34 seconds from bosun store to upper deck exit. And totally 12 types of experiments are performed with other 10 persons per experiment. As the result, it is cleared that the low sight transmissivity leads to the low life safety and the obstruction which can be happen unexpectedly on the evacuation way on fire makes it worse. At the condition of the smoke density 0%, over 90% people arrive at upper deck exit safely. But with the transmissivity of 8%, 70%(from ECR) and 30%(from bosun store) among experiment persons of each can survive, and with same density and unexpected obstruction, the survival ratio goes down to only 20% and 10%.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.50-51
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• 2009

선박은 충돌로 인한 침수, 화채 등 여러가지 이유로 긴급피난을 감행해야하는 경우가 많다. 특히, 선박의 경우 그 구조의 특성상 줍고 미로같은 복잡한 형태로 구성되어 신속한 탈출이 어렵다. 화재에 의한 인명손상의 경우 연기에 의한 질식사가 부분을 차지하므로 신속한 탈출은 생존율 향상에 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 연구에서는 기존과 제안된 선박구조에 대한 화재확산과 승무원 피난시간을 검토한다.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 후기학술대회논문집
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• pp.130-131
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• 2005

A study developing the dry powder fire extinguishing system inside the simulated machinery spaces of small ship was performed. Fire tests were conducted inside the compartments having volums 8$m^3$, 2.9$m^3$ and 4.5$m^3$ respectively. The openings and fans were established on the walls of the compartments. Diesel oil was used for the test fuel. In addition fire extinguishing nozzles using dry powder were installed downward at ceiling and horizontally at the wall or conner. All fires in the test were extinguished under system activation and there was no reignition.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.476-481
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• 2019

화재의 초기 검출은 인명과 재화의 손실을 최소화하기 위한 중요한 요소이다. 불꽃과 연기를 신속하면서 동시에 검출해야 하며 이를 위해 영상 기반의 화재 검출에 관한 연구가 다양하게 진행되고 있다. 기존의 화재 검출은 불꽃과 연기의 특징을 추출하기 위해 여러 알고리즘을 거쳐서 화재의 검출 유무를 판단하므로 연산량이 많이 소모되었으나, 딥러닝 알고리즘인 합성곱 신경망을 이용하면 별도의 과정이 생략되므로 신속하게 검출할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 선박 기관실에서 화재 영상을 녹화한 데이터로 실험을 수행하였다. 불꽃과 연기의 특징을 외각 상자로 추출한 후 합성곱 신경망 중 하나인 욜로(YOLO)를 이용하여 학습하고 결과를 테스트하였다. 실험 결과를 검출률, 오검출률, 정확도로 평가하였으며 불꽃은 0.994, 0.011, 0.998, 연기는 0.978, 0.021, 0.978을 나타내었고, 연산시간은 0.009s를 소모됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.423-427
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• 2010

선박은 충돌로 인한 침수, 화재 등 여러가지 이유로 긴급피난을 감행해야하는 경우가 많다. 특히, 선박의 경우 그 구조의 특성상 좁고 미로같은 복잡한 형태로 구성되어 신속한 탈출이 어렵다. 화재에 의한 인명손상의 경우 연기에 의한 질식사가 대부분을 차지하므로 신속한 탈출은 생존율 향상에 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 연구에서는 선박화재시 연기거동과 가시거리 확보 등에 대해 화재 분석 전용프로그램인 FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulator)를 이용하여 검토한다. 승무원 피난의 경우는 인간행동특성을 고려한 Pathfinder로 검토하였다. 이러한 분석 프로그램을 이용하여 기존 선박구조에 대한 화재확산과 승무원 피난시간을 검토하고 이와 동시에 변경된 구조가 승무원 피난에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 한다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2017

The offshore installations and ships are the structures most likely to be exposed to hazards such as hydrocarbon fire and/or explosion. Developing proactive measures to prevent the escalation of such events thus requires detailed knowledge of the related phenomena and their consequences. $CO_2$ extinguishing systems are extensively used for fire accidents of on-and offshore installations because of outstanding performance and low cost. There is, however, the risk of carbon dioxide system which enumerates many of the fatalities by suffocation associated with industrial fire protection requirements. Therefore, the aim of this study is to perform the prediction of fire suppression characteristics of the carbon dioxide system in realistic enclosed compartment area of ships and propose $CO_2$ extinguish fire fighting system for preventing suffocation accidents during fire fighting. According to CFD calculations, it can be observed and assessed that various fire profiles with $CO_2$ and $O_2$ mole fraction in the target enclosed compartment area are applicable within the proposed system. Additionally, the design of fire safety system of ships and offshore installations can utilize ventilation system and/or layout arrangement through the proposed system.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.493-510
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• 2021

Mineral wool is an insulation material commonly used in passive fire protection (PFP) systems on offshore installations. Insulation materials have only been considered functional materials for thermal analysis in the conventional offshore PFP system design method. Hence, the structural performance of insulation has yet to be considered in the design of PFP systems. However, the structural elements of offshore PFP systems are often designed with excessive dimensions to satisfy structural requirements under external loads such as wind, fire and explosive pressure. To verify the structural contribution of insulation material, it was considered a structural material in this study. A series of material tensile tests was undertaken with two types of mineral wool at room temperature and at elevated temperatures for fire conditions. The mechanical properties were then verified with modified methods, and a database was constructed for application in a series of nonlinear structural and thermal finite-element analyses of an offshore bulkhead-type PFP system. Numerical analyses were performed with a conventional model without insulation and with a new suggested model with insulation. These analyses showed the structural contribution of the insulation in the structural behaviour of the PFP panel. The results suggest the need to consider the structural strength of the insulation material in PFP systems during the structural design step for offshore installations.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.518-523
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• 2009

Main source of URN(Underwater Radiated Noise) which is related to the ship's survivability is divided into two groups. Cavitation is main source of URN when the speed of ship is upper than CIS(Cavitation Inception Speed). But when the speed of ship is lower than CIS, main source of URN is structure-borne noise on the hull which is originated from propulsion system, pump system or transmitted vibration of pipe system. In this paper, to reduce the vibration of discharge pipe and valve system, back flow prevent globe valve and new rubber mount are applied to the ship. As the result of applying new valve and mount, the vibration is reduced drastically.