• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2012

During investigating of shiitake mushroom competitors, 289 isolates of Trichoderma spp. were collected from shiitake mushroom farms in different districts and the Forest Mushroom Research Center of Korea, among which 29 representative strains were selected. Based on the DNA sequences of the rpb2 and tef1 genes and the ITS rDNA, and their morphological characteristics, they were identified as T. atroviride, T. citrinoviride, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, and two undescribed species, Trichoderma spp. 1 and 2, which are considered to be the candidate of new species. Competition tests between Lentinula edodes (Sanjo302) and the Trichoderma species indicated that the six species of Trichoderma were significantly different from each other in terms of their ability to invade the mycelial blocks of shiitake. In both of dual cultures on potato dextrose agar and sawdust media, Trichoderma spp. 1 and 2 strongly invaded the mycelial blocks of shiitake. Our results suggest that the two Trichoderma species may cause potentially serious economic losses in shiitake cultivation of Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2021

Recently, Cryptococcus pseudolongus has been reported as a new pathogen of shiitake (Lentinula edodes). However, its pathological properties are not much known. To further understand its impact on the mushroom, we investigated the pathogen's interactions with the mycelium of shiitake, histopathological properties, host range, and sensitivity to diverse antifungal agents. The strain C. pseudolongus DUCC 4014 inhibited the mycelial growth of L. edodes strain (cultivar Sanjo 701ho) and caused browning in the mycelia confronted with the yeast on PDA. Spray inoculation of the yeast caused an abnormal browning symptom on the cap and/or gills of three shiitake cultivars grown on sawdust media in vinyl bags. Scanning electron microscopic images of the abnormally browned parts of shiitake fruit body illustrated that mushroom tissues were loosed and dispersed in the middle and edge of the cap and the arrangement of basidiospores borne on basidia in the gills was disturbed compared to those of normal shiitake fruit body. Spray inoculation also led to developing abnormal browning on the harvested fruit body, indicating C. pseudolongus could be a problem during mushroom storage. But the yeast was not able to induce abnormal browning on mushrooms of Pleurotus ferulae, Pleurotus fostreatus, and Agaricus bisporus. But it induced browning only on button mushroom (A. bisporus) when they were inoculated after wounding. Tests with 16 kinds of fungicides revealed that the cell growth of C. pseudolongus could be inhibited by benzalkonium chloride at MIC 7 ㎍/ml and benomyl at MIC 3 ㎍/ml.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.342-351
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• 2018

Purpose: Recently, an increasing number of farms have been cultivating shiitake mushrooms using a sawdust substrate and a cooler/heater. In this study, an attempt was made to develop an environmental control system using a heat pump for cultivating high-quality shiitake mushrooms. Methods: An environmental control system, consisting of an air-to-water type heat pump, a thermal storage tank, and a radiator in a variable opening chamber, was designed and fabricated. The system was also installed in the cultivation facility of a farm cultivating shiitake mushrooms so as to compare the proposed control system with a conventional environmental control system using a cooler-condensing unit and an electric hot water boiler. Results: The uniformity of the environment was analyzed through environment measurements taken at several positions inside the cultivation facility. It was determined that the developed environmental control system is able to control the variations in temperature and relative humidity to within 1% and 3%, respectively. In addition, a maximum temperature difference of $30^{\circ}C$ (maximum of $35^{\circ}C$, minimum of $5^{\circ}C$) and a maximum relative humidity difference of 30% (maximum of 90%, minimum of 60%) can be attained within 30 min inside the cultivation facility through the cooling of the heat pump and heating of the radiator in a variable opening chamber. Thus, the developed control system can be used to cultivate high-quality shiitake mushrooms more effectively than a conventional cooler and heater. Conclusions: In comparison with a conventional environmental control system, the developed system decreased the yield of ordinary mushrooms by 65%, and increased that of high-quality mushrooms by 217%. This corresponds to a 16% increase in gross farm income. Consequently, the developed system is expected to improve the income of shiitake mushroom cultivating farms.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 1997

The effect of drying temperature (30, 40, 50, 60$^{\circ}C$) on chemical components of Shiitake mushroom(Lentinus edodss) was investigate. When compared proximate composition on pileus and stipe of raw and dried materials, all of them were found to be higher in the stipe part than in the pileus part. The major components of organic acid were oxalic, citric, malic, malonic and pyroglutaric acid. The contents of free and total amino acids in pileus and stipe were 3458.4, 7640.2mg% for pilueus; 2298.0, 6171.5mg% for stipe on dry basis, respectively. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the changes of crude ash and organic acids content of Shiitake mushroom among drying temperatures. But the amount of crude fats was increased and that of reducing sugars was decreased with increase of drying temperature. The contents of crude proteins of pileus part of dried materials were increased with increased drying temperature, but those of stile part were gradually decreased. The contents of free amino acids decreased with increase in drying temperature, but those of total amino acids were gradually increased.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.445-451
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• 2023

Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) hold high nutritional and medicinal value as they contain an abundance of health-promoting compounds. However, the effect of long-term postharvest storage on the variation in the levels of health-promoting compounds has not been extensively studied. In this study, we investigated the changes in the levels of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, eritadenine, and ergothioneine in shiitake mushrooms stored at three different temperatures (1, 3, and 5 ℃) for 4 weeks. Compared to mushrooms stored at lower temperatures, those stored at 5 ℃ exhibited a higher level of total phenolics in their pileus after 2 weeks of storage; however, storage at 5 ℃ also increased the deterioration of the fruiting body of these mushrooms. In mushrooms stored at all temperatures, the eritadenine content in the pilei tended to increase up to 2 weeks of storage. In contrast, the ergothioneine content in the pileus decreased during storage, with a significantly lower level detected in mushrooms stored at 5 ℃ for 4 weeks. Together, these results suggest that the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of phenolics and eritadenine may be related to mushroom deterioration during storage. Our findings indicate that the levels of health-promoting compounds in shiitake mushrooms are influenced by storage temperature, suggesting the potential to control adjustments of specific bioactive compounds by regulating storage conditions.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.109-114
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• 2005

Attempts were made to control Diatrype stigma occurred on the bed-log of shiitake by resistant shiitake strains. In selection test of resistant shiitake strains, 67 out of 77 strains tested were proved to be resistant to D. stigma. Among them, 13 strains including KFRI 5 were effective to inhibit the access of D. stigma, and 7 strains including KFRI 180 remarkably invaded the territory of D. stigma. Among 31 shiitake strains made by hybridization of resistant strains for D. stigma, 8 strains including KFRI 537 inhibited the access of D. stigma, and 4 strains including KFRI 545 invaded the territory of D. stigma. The effects of temperatures and inoculation orders to the resistance were confirmed in PDA plates and test tubes filled with sawdust of Quercus acutissima. Four kinds of temperature treatments as follows were tested: (1) continuous incubation at $14^{\circ}C$, (2) continuous incubation at $25^{\circ}C$, (3) changing of incubation temperature from $14^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ as soon as mycelia of both shiitake and D. stigma meet together, (4) changing of incubation temperature from $25^{\circ}C$ to $14^{\circ}C$ as soon as mycelia of both shiitake and D. stigma meet together. Three kinds of inoculation procedure were tested: (1) inoculation of shiitake 3 days ahead of D. stigma inoculation, (2) inoculation of D. stigma 3 days ahead of shiitake inoculation, (3) simultaneous inoculation of both fungi. In PDA plate test, the strain KFRI 137 showed outstanding ability to inhibit mycelial growth of D. stigma and the strain KFRI 180 invaded into the territory of D. stigma in most of treatments. Hybrid strains, KFRI 545, 546, and 547 were more resistant than their parent strains, KFRI 488 and 405. In test tube examinations, all the strains of shiitake showed high resistance at the treatment of change in temperature from $14^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ when mycelia of both shiitake and D. stigma meet together. On the other hand, resistance of all the strains growing at $25^{\circ}C$ decreased when the temperature was changed into $14^{\circ}C$ after mycelia of both fungi. In these cases, the resistance reached to 7~20% of the highest resistance. The strain KFRI 259 invaded the territory of D. stigma, contrary to PDA plate test. Among the strains, KFRI 393 strain was the most resistant under the continuous incubation at $25^{\circ}C$.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 1997

Drying of Shiitake mushroom was investigated to see the effect of temperature, relative humidity of drying air and diameter of the pileus on its rates. The drying rate was increased with the increase of the air temperature and the decrease of the relative humidity. The external color was dark brown at higher drying temperature and higher relative humidity. Exponential and Thompson nodel were found to describe well the raying process of the Shiitake mushroom.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.100-102
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• 2016

Ergothioneine is a natural compound with strong antioxidant properties. In this study, the effects of different nitrogen sources including ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, sodium nitrate, and histidine in sawdust media were investigated to enhance ergothioneine contents in Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) fruit bodies. The addition of 0.2% ammonium sulfate in the growth media showed the highest enhancement of ergothioneine content in shiitake fruit bodies which was 1.7-fold higher than the control. On the other hand, histidine, a building block of ergothioneine decreased the concentration of ergothioneine significantly. Our results demonstrate that the cultivation of shiitake in sawdust media with suitable nutrients was effective to enhance its ergothioneine contents.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.301-304
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• 2014

Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) containing ${\beta}$-glucans may be beneficial for human health; they have been used in the treatment of cancer, hypertension, and high cholesterol levels. The objective of this study was to determine the ${\beta}$-glucan content in different sections of the fruiting bodies and mycelia of ten shiitake mushroom cultivars. The measured ${\beta}$-glucan content ranged from $20.06{\pm}1.76%$ to $44.21{\pm}0.13%$ in the pileus sections, and from $29.74{\pm}1.40%$ to $56.47{\pm}4.72%$ in the stipe sections. The results of this study indicate that the variance in ${\beta}$-glucan content dependent on the shiitake cultivar, and that the ${\beta}$-glucan content is higher in the stipe than in the pileus.

• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2015

We identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the laccase gene to establish a line-diagnostic system for shiitake mushrooms. A total of 89 fungal isolates representing four lines, including Korean registered, Korean wild type, Chinese, and Japanese lines, were analyzed. The results suggest that SNP markers in the laccase gene can be useful for line typing in shiitake mushrooms.