DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Identification of Trichoderma, a Competitor of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes), and Competition between Lentinula edodes and Trichoderma species in Korea

  • Kim, Chang-Sun (Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Park, Myung-Soo (Bio-Control Research Team, Chemical Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology) ;
  • Kim, Seon-Cheol (National Forestry Cooperatives Federation, Forest Mushroom Research Institute) ;
  • Maekawa, Nitaro (Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Tottori University) ;
  • Yu, Seung-Hun (Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2011.02.07
  • Accepted : 2012.02.15
  • Published : 2012.06.01

Abstract

During investigating of shiitake mushroom competitors, 289 isolates of Trichoderma spp. were collected from shiitake mushroom farms in different districts and the Forest Mushroom Research Center of Korea, among which 29 representative strains were selected. Based on the DNA sequences of the rpb2 and tef1 genes and the ITS rDNA, and their morphological characteristics, they were identified as T. atroviride, T. citrinoviride, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, and two undescribed species, Trichoderma spp. 1 and 2, which are considered to be the candidate of new species. Competition tests between Lentinula edodes (Sanjo302) and the Trichoderma species indicated that the six species of Trichoderma were significantly different from each other in terms of their ability to invade the mycelial blocks of shiitake. In both of dual cultures on potato dextrose agar and sawdust media, Trichoderma spp. 1 and 2 strongly invaded the mycelial blocks of shiitake. Our results suggest that the two Trichoderma species may cause potentially serious economic losses in shiitake cultivation of Korea.

Keywords

References

  1. Anonymous. 2009. List of Plant Diseases in Korea. 5th Edition. The Korean Society of Plant Pathologly, Seoul. 853 pp.
  2. Bissett, J. 1984. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. I. Sect. Longibrachiatum sect. nov. Can. J. Bot. 62:924-931. https://doi.org/10.1139/b84-131
  3. Bissett, J. 1991a. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. II. Infrageneric classificaition. Can. J. Bot. 69:2357-2372. https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-297
  4. Bissett, J. 1991b. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. III. Sect. Pachybasium. Can. J. Bot. 69:2373-2417. https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-298
  5. Bissett, J. 1991c. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. IV. Additional notes on section Longibrachiatum. Can. J. Bot. 69: 2418-2420. https://doi.org/10.1139/b91-299
  6. Carbone, I. and Kohn, L. M. 1999. A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91:553-556. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761358
  7. Chaverri, P. and Samuels, G. J. 2003. Hypocrea/Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): species with green ascospores. Stud. Mycol. 48:1-113.
  8. Chen, A. W. 2005. Chapter 1: What is shiitake. In: Mushroom Growers' Handbook 2. ed. by MushroomWorld. pp. 1-11. MushroomWorld, Seoul, Korea.
  9. Chet, I. 1987. Trichoderma - application, mode of action and potential as a biocontrol agent of soil borne plant pathogenic fungi. In: Innovative Approaches to Plant Disease Control, ed. by I. Chet, pp.137-160. John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA.
  10. Chun, J. 1995. Computer-assisted classification and identification of actinomycetes. Ph. D. thesis, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
  11. Claydon, N., Allan, M., Hanso, J. R. and Avent, A. G. 1987. Antifungal alkyl pyrones of Trichoderma harzianum. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 88:503-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(87)80034-7
  12. Cubero, O. F., Crespo, A. N. A., Fatehi, F. and Bridge, P. D. 1999. DNA extraction and PCR amplification method suitable for fresh, herbarium-stored, lichenized, and other fungi. Pl. Syst. Evol. 216:243-249. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01084401
  13. Degenkolb, T., Dieckmann, R., Nielsen, K. F., Gräfenhan, T., Theis, C., Zafari, D., Chaverri, P., Ismaiel, A., Brückner, H., Döhren, von H., Thrane, U., Petrini, O. and Samuels, G. J. 2008. The Trichoderma brevicompactum clade: a separate lineage with new species, new peptibiotics, and mycotoxins. Mycol. Progr. 7:177-219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-008-0563-3
  14. Dennis, C. and Webster, J. 1971a. Antagonistic properties of species groups of Trichoderma. I. Production of nonvolatile antibiotics. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 57:25-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(71)80077-3
  15. Dennis, C. and Webster, J. 1971b. Antagonistic properties of species groups of Trichoderma. II. Production of volatile antibiotics. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 57:41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(71)80078-5
  16. Di Pietro, A., Lorito, M., Hayes, C., Broadway, K. and Harman, G. E. 1993. Endochitinase from Gliocladium virens. Isolation, characterization, synergistic antifungal activity in combination with gliotoxin. Phytopathology 83:308-313. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-83-308
  17. Hashioka, Y. 1973. Scanning electronmicroscopy on the mycoparasites, Trichoderma, Gliocladium and Acremonium. Rept. Tottori Mycol. Inst. 10:473-484.
  18. Howell, C. R. 1998. The role of antibiosis in biocontrol. In: Trichoderma & Gliocladium, vol. 2. ed. by G.E. Harman and C. P. Kubicek, pp 173-184. Taylor & Francis, Padstow.
  19. Jaklitsch, W. M. 2009. European species of Hypocrea Part I. The green-spored species. Stud. Mycol. 63:1-91. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.63.01
  20. Jaklitsch, W. M. 2011. European species of Hypocrea part II: species with hyaline ascospores. Fungal Divers. 48:1-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0088-y
  21. Jeon, Y.-A., Kim, W.-G., Kim, D.-H., Kwon, S.-W. and Hong, S. B. 2010. Taxonomic position of Korean isolates of Rhizoctonia solani based on RAPD and ITS sequencing of ribosomal DNA. Plant Pathol. J. 26:83-89. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2010.26.1.083
  22. Kim, J. Y., Yun, Y. H., Hyun, M. W., Kim, M. H. and Kim, S. H. 2010. Identification and characterization of Gliocladium viride isolated from mushroom fly infested oak log used for shiitake cultivation. Mycobiology 38:7-12. https://doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2010.38.1.007
  23. Kim, J. Y., Kwon, H. W., Tang, L. and Kim, S. H. 2012. Identification and characterization of Trichoderma citrinoviride isolated from mushroom fly-infested oak log beds used for shiitake cultivation. Plant Pathol. J. 28:219. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2012.28.2.219
  24. Kullnig-Gradinger, C. M., Szakacx, G. and Kubicek, C. P. 2002. Phylogeny and evolution of the fungal genus Trichoderma - a multigene approach. Mycol. Res. 106:757-767. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756202006172
  25. Lieckfeldt, E. and Seifert, K. A. 2000. An evaluation of the use of ITS sequences in the taxonomy of the Hypocreales. Stud. Mycol. 45:35-44.
  26. Liu, Y. J., Whelen, S. and Hall, B. D. 1999. Phylogenetic Relationships Among Ascomycetes: Evidence from an RNA polymerase II Subunit. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16:1799-1808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092
  27. Luo, X. C. 2004. Progress of xiang-gu (shiitake) cultivation in China. In: Mushroom Science XVI: Science and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi. ed. by Romaine, Keil, Rinker and Royes, pp. 317-322. The Pennsylvania State University Press, USA.
  28. Miyazaki, K. and Tsunoda, M. 2003. Application of DNA markers to research on Trichoderma in mushroom facilities of Japan (1): RAPD, SSCP marker. Mushroom Sci. Biotechnol. 11:65-70.
  29. Miyazaki, K., Tsuchiya, Y. and Okuda, T. 2009. Specific PCR assays for the detection of Trichoderma harzianum causing green mold disease during mushroom cultivation. Mycoscience 50:94-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-008-0460-2
  30. Nirenberg, H. I. 1976. Untersuchungen uber die morphologische und biologische Differnzierung in der Fusarium-Sektion Liseola. Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin- Dahlem 169:1-117.
  31. O'donnell, K., Cigelnik, E. and Nirenberg, H. I. 1998. Molecular systematic and phylogeography of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Mycologia 90:465-493. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761407
  32. Overten, B. E., Stewart, E. L. and Geiser, D. M. 2006. Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of nine species of Hypocrea with anamorphs assignable to Trichoderma section Hypocreanum. Stud. Mycol. 56:39-65. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2006.56.02
  33. Park, M. S., Seo, G. S., Lee, K. H., Bae, K. S. and Yu, S. H. 2005. Morphological and cultural characteristics of Trichoderma spp. associated with green mold of oyster mushroom in Korea. Plant Pathol. J. 21:221-228. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2005.21.3.221
  34. Park, M. S., Bae, K. S. and Yu, S. H. 2006. Two new species of Trichoderma associated with green mold of oyster mushroom cultivation in Korea. Mycobiology 34:111-113. https://doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2006.34.3.111
  35. Rifai, M. A. 1969. A revision of the genus Trichoderma. Mycol. Pap. 116:1-116.
  36. Ronquist, F. and Huelsenbeck, J. P. 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19:1572-1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
  37. Samuels, G. J., Petrini, O., Kuhls, K., Lieckfeldt, E. and Kubicek, C. P. 1998. The Hypocrea schweinitzii complex and Trichoderma sect. Longibrachiatum. Stud. Mycol. 41:1-54.
  38. Samuels, G. J., Gams, W., Castlebury, L. A. and Petrini, O. 2002. Trichoderma species associated with the green mold epidemic of commercially grown Agaricus bisporus. Mycologia 94: 146-170. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761854
  39. Samuels, G. J. 2006. Trichoderma: Systematics, the sexual state, and ecolgy. Phytopathology 96:195-206. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-96-0195
  40. Samuels, G. J., Dodd, S., Lu, B., Petrini, O., Schroers, H. and Druzhinina I. S. 2006. The Trichoderma koningii aggregate species. Stud. Mycol. 56:67-133. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2006.56.03
  41. Schirmbock, M., Lorito, M., Wang, Y. L., Hayes, C. K., Arisan- Atac, I., Scala, F., Harman, G. E. and Kubicek, C. P. 1994. Parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and peptaibol antibiotics, molecular mechanisms involved in the antagonistic action of Trichoderma harzianum against phytopathogenic fungi. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:4364-4370.
  42. Smith, R. J. and Grula, E. A. 1982. Toxic components on the larval surface of the corn earworm (Heliothis zea) and their effects on germination and growth of Beauveria bassiana. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 39:15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(82)90153-7
  43. Stefanova, M., Leiva, A., Larrinaga, L. and Coronado, M. F. 1999. Metabolic activity of Trichoderma spp. isolates for a control of soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad del Zulia 16:509-516.
  44. Swofford, D. L. 2003. PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4.0b10. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.
  45. Taylor, J. W., Jacobson, D. J. and Fisher, M. 1999. The evolution of asexual fungi: speciation and classification. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 37:197-246. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.197
  46. Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. and Higgins, D. G. 1997. The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:4876-4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876
  47. Tokimoto, K. and Komatsu, M. 1975. Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources in media on the hyphal interference between Lentinus edodes and some species of Trichoderma. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 45:261-264.
  48. Tokimoto, K. 1985. Physiological studies on antagonism between Lentinus edodes and Trichoderma spp. in bedlogs of the former (in Japanese). Rep. Tottori Mycol. Inst. 23:1-54.
  49. Tokimoto, K., Komatsu, M. and Fukumasa-nakai, Y. 1994. Establishing the selection method for the Lentinula edodes strains resistant to Trichoderma spp. Proc. Japan Acad. 70:112-116. https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.70.112
  50. Watanabe, S., Kumakura, K., Kato, H., Iyozumi, H., Togawa, M. and Nagayama, K. 2005. Identification of Trichoderma SKT-1, a biological control agent against seedborne pathogens of rice. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 71:351-356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-005-0217-0
  51. White, T. J., Bruns, T. D., Lee, S. B. and Taylor, J. W. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal DNA for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: A guide to the methods and applications. ed. by M. A. Innes, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky and T. J. White, pp. 315. Academic Press, New York, USA.
  52. Yamamoto, Y., Shirono, H., Kono, K. and Ohashi, Y. 1997. Immunopotentiating activity of the water-soluble lignin rich fraction prepared from LEM--the extract of the solid culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 61:1909-1912. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.61.1909

Cited by

  1. Biodiversity of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) in Southern Europe and Macaronesia vol.80, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.11.001
  2. New Records of Fungi Isolated from Indoor Air of Greenhouse Used for Shiitake Cultivation in Korea vol.43, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4489/KJM.2015.43.1.58
  3. Unrecorded Fungal Species Isolated from Greenhouses Used for Shiitake Cultivation in Korea vol.44, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4489/KJM.2016.44.1.8
  4. Unrecorded fungi isolated from indoor air of cultivation houses used for field test of a newly bred domestic shiitake cultivar vol.14, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.14480/JM.2016.14.4.168
  5. Trichoderma eijii and T. pseudolacteum, two new species from Japan vol.12, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0886-y
  6. Re-evaluation of Hypocrea pseudogelatinosa and H. pseudostraminea isolated from shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) cultivation in Korea and Japan vol.28, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.05.2012.0068
  7. Characterization of Trichoderma species isolated in Ecuador and their antagonistic activities against phytopathogenic fungi from Ecuador and Japan vol.81, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-015-0587-x
  8. Trichoderma mienum sp. nov., isolated from mushroom farms in Japan vol.102, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-012-9758-3
  9. Discovery from a large-scaled survey of Trichoderma in soil of China vol.7, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07807-3