• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-48
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• 2011

Recently not only industry but also academy have shown an intense interest in social networking service. However, reckless imitation will not guarantee the successful eco-system of social networking service without rich understanding of growth driver and business model. Hence, this study aims at analyzing open platform strategy and business model conducted by a representative social networking service provider in order to provide platform operator, network operator, and portal provider with meaningful implications. Advertisers may pay great attention to social networking service because it has strong ability to provide users with spontaneous motivation to manage and update their profile, and these valuable information can be utilized for providing personalized advertisement on social networking service. As a result, one side of consumers in two side market, advertisers, tend to pay more expenditure to place advertisements. In addition, the open platform adopted by social networking service providers causes pro-sumers to participate in the eco-system, and thereby the explosive quantitative growth is realized. The fact of that this open social networking service can invade other web service area via an unified platform indicates that it may expand its service scope into a wide variety of web service areas. Hence, domestic portal services providers and network providers should consider social networking service not as one of new web services but as an disruptive service platform. Corresponding to the emergence of social networking service, especially if their business area is related to display advertising market, they should seek a way to provide social networking service access users's newly updated information and develop innovative media technologies to enter context awareness ads market.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.126-135
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is a descriptive investigation study to identify oriental nursing curricular data, situation, and cognition which are ongoing in our country's educational institutions. Method: Data were collected from a hundred and seventeen nursing institutions(sixty four of three-year course and fifty three of four-year course) after distributing fourteen questionnaires by mail and collecting them by phone and internet browsing from Mar. 2. 2003 to Nov. 11. 2003 to identify oriental nursing educational situation. Results: 1) Oriental related subjects included mostly oriental nursing, introduction of oriental nursing, and introduction of oriental medicine. The credits were mostly two credits for four-year course, however, there were similar number of three-year courses of schools opening with one credit(53.5%) and two credits(46.5%). 2) The educational purpose of oriental subject was for reasons of citizen's increasing concern to the oriental medicine, need of integration of east-west medicine, and method of own traditional treatment. 4) In the prospect of oriental nursing, opinion of needs of continuous education to develop the theory and practice was the most, and there was opinion of progress of oriental nursing in accordance with oriental medicine, while there was one of no need of education also. Conclusion: Accordingly, we suggest a development of a program for developmental oriental nursing education and practice such as professional oriental nursing course for nursing leaders and nurses. and need for aggressive studies on oriental nursing for paradigm shift. In addition, it is prospective that the development of oriental nursing theory and practice could be recognized as an internationally competitive one of our own nursing knowledge system in world nursing market.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.369-379
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• 2002

The characteristics of the East Asian summer monsoon circulation associated with the cool and wet summer of 1993 and the warm and dry summer of 1994 are investigated by analyzing the atmospheric circulations features in the upper and lower troposphere and by examining the global SST and associated tropical convective precipitation fields. The negative geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa and 200 hPa in 1993 over East Asia, the central North Pacific, and the western United States were replaced by positive ones in 1994. In addition, the 200 hPa zonal wind anomaly averaged over the East Asian summer monsoon region is negatively correlated with the Korean summer temperature anomaly. The subtropical jet stream in 1993 was displaced into the central part of Korea well south of its normal position. The western Pacific subtropical high was shifted southward, and the East Asian summer rainfall and temperature was above-normal and below-normal, respectively due to the southwestward extension of a cold and dry polar airmass from the Sea of Okhotsk to the Est Sea. In contrast, the subtropical jet stream in 1994 was displaced well north of its normal position. The abrupt northward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high was accompanied with the rapid northward movement of the rain band of the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall. The anomaly patterns of the East Asia summer rainfall and temperature were opposite to those of 1993. Large sea surface temperature anomalies of opposite signs existed in the tropical Pacific with a mature El $Ni{\~{n}o$ in 1993 and a weak La $Ni{\~{n}a$ condition in 1994. The role of the anomalous convective precipitation in the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean related with the variations in the low-level cross-equatorial flow along the northwestern periphery of the Australian high and the Mascarene high is probably to influence a large-scale atmospheric circulation over the East Asia during both the years.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.119-125
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• 2007

Dlx3 is a homeodomain protein and is known to play a role in development and differentiation of many tissues. Deletion of four base pairs in DLX3 (NT3198) is causally related to tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome (OMIM #190320), a genetic disorder manifested by taurodontism, hair abnormalities, and increased bone density in the cranium. The molecular mechanisms that explain the phenotypic characteristics of TDO syndrome have not been clearly determined. In this study, we examined phenotypic characteristics of wild type DLX3(wtDlx3) and 4-BP DEL DLX3 (TDO mtDlx3) in C2C12 cells. To investigate how wtDlx3 and TDO mtDlx3 differentially regulate osteoblastic differentiation, reporter assays were performed by using luciferase reporters containing the promoters of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein or osteocalcin. Both wtDlx3 and TDO mtDlx3 enhanced significantly all the reporter activities but the effect of mtDlx3 was much weaker than that of wtDlx3. In spite of these differences in reporter activity, electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that both wtDlx3 and TDO mtDlx3 formed similar amounts of DNA binding complexes with Dlx3 binding consensus sequence or with ALP promoter oligonucleotide bearing the Dlx3 binding core sequence. TDO mtDlx3 exhibits a longer half-life than wtDlx3 and it corresponds to PESTfind analysis result showing that potential PEST sequence was missed in carboxy terminal of TDO mtDlx3. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that TDO mtDlx3 binds to Msx2 more strongly than wtDlx3. Taken together, though TDO mtDlx3 acted as a weaker transcriptional activator than wtDlx3 in osteoblastic cells, there is possibility that during in vivo osteoblast differentiation TDO mtDlx3 may antagonize transcriptional repressor activity of Msx2 more effectively and for longer period than wtDlx3, resulting in enhancement of osteoblast differentiation.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 2013

Recent economic slump is making the construction industry's overall construction business environment worse. Contractors which are under the legal management and/or walk out are to the brink of 25 companies according to the Construction association of Korea released in 2011. It means that existing construction companies are required to transform the fundamental ideology of existing operation framework, and besides, existing companies should be transformed to service industry in order to proceed further into the developing future industries. In this study, it will be chosen the internal marketing related factor like 'Satisfying employees, internal customer, are the first thing to do in order to satisfy external customer.' which is about existing service industry field before its implementation in construction companies. In addition, appropriateness test will be performed including both interactions between each of the factors affect mutually and looking into any management improvement effects on contractors. And also, this proposal is suggested by approaching with internal marketing strategy which is both paradigm shift for customers by construction company members and another internal communication way as a means of overcoming the crisis of overall construction industry under currently happening.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.473-479
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• 2016

We report a highly selective and sensitive 200 MHz Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensor that can detect cyanide ion in aqueous solution using surface immobilized thioester molecules in combination with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). To construct the sensor device, a monolayer of thioester compound was immobilized on the SAW sensor surface. At the sensor surface, hydrolysis of thioester group by nucleophilic addition of cyanide occurred and the resulting free thiol unit bound to AuNP to form thiol-AuNP conjugate. For the signal enhancement, gold staining signal amplification process was introduced subsequently with gold (III) chloride trihydrate and reducing agent, hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The SAW sensor showed a detection ability of $17.7{\mu}M$ for cyanide in aqueous solution and demonstrated a saturation behavior between the frequency shift and the concentration of cyanide ion. On the other hand, our SAW sensor had no activities for other anions such as fluoride ion, acetate ion and sulfate ion, moreover, no significant interference observed by other anions. Finally, all the experiments were carried out in-house developed sensor and fluidics modules to obtain highly reproducible results.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.13
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• pp.107-132
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• 2000

The entry of large discount stores such as E-mart, LG mart, Magnet etc. into small cities have had a profound impact on the business of small-sized retailers. Now, it becomes the matter of survival for small-sized retailers and it is almost impossible to reverse those trends. Without satisfying consumers' various needs and wants, retailers can not survive. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand retail competition from the perspective of consumers in order for retailers to survive in the turbulent environment. The previous research studies on retail competition have focused on the comparison among different types of retailers with respect to strategic retail mix variables. However, they do not consider the competitive aspects of consumers' sides. In addition, we do not fully understand the meaning of "shopping." Shopping means hedonic shopping as well as utilitarian shopping. Utilitarian aspects are important but consumers also prefer' hedonic aspects too. That is the reason that traditional retailers such as small-sized retailers can not compete with modem and large retailers. We use three different methods to identify the macro and competitive structure. of retailing with respect to shopping. Factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, and multiple correspondence analysis are used to produce perceptual mapping of retail competition. Department store and large discount store are identified as close competitors but both might have an indirect impact on small-sized retailers through demand shift toward high end retailers.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.198-205
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• 2015

Impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems range from changes in physiological processes of aquatic organisms to species distribution. In this study, MaxEnt that has high prediction power without nonoccurrence data was used to simulate fish distribution changes in the Geum river watershed according to climate change. The fish distribution in 2050 and 2100 was predicted with RCP 8.5 climate change scenario using fish occurrence data (a total of 47 species, including 17 endemic species) from 2007 to 2009 at 134 survey points and 9 environmental variables (monthly lowest, highest and average air temperature, monthly precipitation, monthly lowest, highest and average water temperature, altitude and slope). The fitness of MaxEnt modeling was successful with the area under the relative operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.798, and environmental variables that showed a high level of prediction were as follows: altitude, monthly average precipitation and monthly lowest water temperature. As climate change proceeds until 2100, the probability of occurrence for Odontobutis interrupta and Acheilognathus yamatsuatea (endemic species) decreases whereas the probability of occurrence for Microphysogobio yaluensis and Lepomis macrochirus (exotic species) increases. In particular, five fish species (Gnathopogon strigatus, Misgurnus mizolepis, Erythroculter erythropterus, A. yamatsuatea and A. koreensis) were expected to become extinct in the Geum river watershed in 2100. In addition, the species rich area was expected to move to the northern part of the Geum river watershed. These findings suggest that water temperature increase caused by climate change may disturb the aquatic ecosystem of Geum river watershed significantly.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2009

The chemopreventive effects of naringenin derived from citrus on tumor migration and the possible mechanisms involved in this protection were investigated in HT-1080 tumor cells. In this study, we found that naringenin reduced phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-enhanced matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 activation in a dose-dependant manner and further inhibited HT-1080 cell migration. In addition, naringenin suppressed PMA-enhanced expression of MMP-9 protein, mRNA and transcription activity levels through suppression of nuclear factor $\kappa$B (NF-$\kappa$B) activation and activator protein-1 (AP-1) translocation without changing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 level. Therefore, our results suggested that the inhibitory effects of naringenin on MMP-9 activation, relation of tumor migration in vitro possibly involve mechanisms related to its ability to suppress PMA-enhanced MMP-9 gene and protein expression through NF-$\kappa$B activation and AP-1 translocation. Overall, naringenin may be a valuable anti-invasive drug candidate for cancer therapy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.404-430
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• 2016

This study started from the awareness of the issue if the citation index newly introduced to evaluate the quality of papers satisfies the proper timing matter, which is a component of performance indicators for the evaluation of government-funded R&D institutes. Accordingly, the study will propose improvement ways to shift the previous evaluation system to quality evaluation for mission-oriented R&D institutes by analysing and using the periodical characteristics such as citation half-life and immediacy index of papers. As a result, it turned out that the speed of academic change is getting faster in proportion to the dependency on the technological development but that the citation speed in the field of public technology is relatively slower and the speed of knowledge transfer in the fields related to industry is faster. In addition, the citation index among the R&D fields showed no differences, and the minimum period for citation index measurement with validity should be over 6 years. The problems of evaluation for mission-oriented R&D institutes were deducted based on the technical and statistical analysis results of the temporal characteristic of citation necessary for quality evaluation of performance among R&D fields. To solve the problems, policy alternatives for object and valid quality evaluation were proposed from the points of evaluation period, evaluation criteria, and evaluation management.