• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.75-79
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• 2007

To investigate the shear-wave velocity structures of the Korean peninsula, exploded seismic signals were recorded for 120 s along a 294-km WNW-ESE line and 150 s along a 335-km NNW-SSE line in 2002 and 2004, respectively. First arrival times of shear wave were inverted to derive the velocity tomograms. Initial shear-wave 1-D models were built using the initial P-wave velocity models used by Kim et al. and $V_p/V_s$ ratios of the IASP91 model. The raypaths indicate existence of mid-crust interfaces at the depth of 2-3 km and 16 km. The deepest significant interface corresponding to the Moho discontinuity varies in depth from 32 km to 36 km. The refraction velocity along the interface varies from 4.4 km/s to 4.6 km/s. The velocity tomograms also indicate existence of a low-velocity zone at the depth of 7.8 km under the Okchon fold belt.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.687-698
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• 2010

Borehole drilled depend on the point is bound to be limited to obtain the 2-D or 3-D layer information for entire targer area. On the other hand, SASW and MASW provide the sectional form of layer information through the shear wave velocity($V_s$). Therefore the useful information of the target area can be derived from SASW, MASW and borehole data. In this research, the correlation reflected locality and nationwide between sectional geo-layer and $V_s$ was investigated and analyzed. The target areas are westside of Pyeongtaek and Incheon. The shear wave velocity($V_s$) obtained from SASW, MASW and borehole data conducted within the scope of crossline for survey was utilized in each region. In the 2D distribution of $V_s$ from SASW, MASW, $V_s$ tend to continually increase deeper and deeper. By the target area, the depth of each representative geo-layer was nested on the sectional distribution map of $V_s$ to suggest the range of $V_s$ in accordance of strata by using borehole data. The 2D sectional geo-layer distribution map is presented based on the range of $V_s$. In addition the correlation between measured and calculated $V_s$ according to the empirical equation was analyzed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.562-571
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• 2006

Mean shear wave velocity of the upper 30m $(V_s30)$ used as the current site classification criterion for determining seismic design ground motions in Korea was established based on the typical depth of site investigations in western US, in which the depth to bedrock is much deeper than that in Korea. In this study, to establish appropriate site classification system for site conditions of Korea, site investigations including in-situ seismic tests to determine shear wave velocity $(V_s)$ were carried out at total 72 sites in Korean peninsula. The mean $V_s's$ to the depths of 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m and 25m together with the $V_s30$ at the testing sites were determined, and the correlation between the mean $V_s$ to a depth shallower than 30m and the $V_s30$ was drawn and suggested for the efficient seismic site classification in Korea. The proposed correlation could be utilized for the seismic design in case of the $V_s$ profiles shallower than 30 m in depth. The correlation in this study, nevertheless, requires further modification by means of the accumulation of various site data in Korea.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.289-302
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• 2011

In marine clay deposits, naturally formed or artificially reclaimed, the evaluation and monitoring of the consolidation process has been a critical issue in civil engineering practices due to the time frame required for completing the consolidation process, which range from several days to several years. While complementing the conventional iconographic method suggested by Casagrande and recently developed in-situ techniques that measure the shear wave, this study suggests an alternative experimental procedure that can be used to evaluate the consolidation state of marine clay deposits using the shear wave velocity. A laboratory consolidation testing apparatus was implemented with bimorph-type piezoelectric bender elements to determine the effective stress-shear wave velocity (${\sigma}^{\prime}-V_s$) relationship with the marine clays of interest. The in-situ consolidation state was then evaluated by comparing the in-situ shear wave velocity data with the effective stress-shear wave velocity relationships obtained from laboratory experiments. The suggested methodology was applied and verified at three different sites in South Korea, i.e., a foreshore site in Incheon, a submarine deposit in Busan, and an estuary delta deposit in Busan. It is found that the shear wave-based experimental procedure presented in this paper can be effectively and reliably used to evaluate the consolidation state of marine clay deposits.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2013

암석의 강도 및 건전성 평가에 있어 전단파를 사용하는 것이 압축파에 비해 높은 신뢰성과 정확도를 제공한다. 암편의 $V_S$ 도출을 위해 양단자유공진주기법을 수행할 시 비틀림파에 의한 공진주파수를 구분해야 하나 쉽지 않은 상황이 자주 발생한다. 또한, 초음파속도기법에서는 P파에 비해 S파 도달 시점이 모호하여 암편의 $V_S$를 객관적으로 산출하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 반면에 초음파 속도법을 통해서는 $V_P$ 값을, 양단자유공진주기법을 통해서는 $V_L$ 값을 안정적으로 획득할 수 있는데 탄성계수간의 관계식을 이용하여 포아송비를 계산할 수 있게 되며 $V_S$ 값을 산출할 수 있다. 알루미늄, 모노캐스트 등 다른 재질과 다른 길이를 가지는 모형 시편을 이용하여 검증 실험을 수행하였고 국내 여러 지역에서 채취한 암석시편에 대해서 제안된 방법을 적용하여 본 결과 제안된 방법의 유용함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.987-995
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• 2018

In this study, a relationship between small-strain shear modulus ($G_{max}$) and overconsolidation ratio (OCR) based on shear wave velocity ($V_S$) measurement was established to identify the stress history of centrifuge model ground. A centrifuge test was conducted in various centrifugal acceleration levels including loading and unloading sequences to cause various stress histories on centrifuge model ground. The $V_S$ and vertical effective stress were measured at each level of acceleration. Then, a sensitivity analysis was conducted using testing data to ensure the suitability of OCR function for the tested cohesionless soils and found that OCR can be estimated based on $V_S$ measurements irrespective of normally-consolidated or overconsolidated loading conditions. Finally, the developed $G_{max}$-OCR relationship was applied to centrifuge models constructed and tested under various induced stress-history conditions. Through a series of tests, it was concluded that the induced stress history on centrifuge model by compaction, g-level variation, and past overburden load can be analysed quantitatively, and it is convinced that the OCR evaluation technique will contribute to better interpret the centrifuge test results.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2015

연속 동하중을 지지하는 철도노반의 탄성거동은 대상 상부노반의 전단탄성계수에 주된 영향을 받으므로, 일정한 다짐도로 조성된 상부노반에서의 전단파속도 획득은 대상 지반의 탄성거동 예측에 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 상부노반에서 수행된 동적 콘 관입시험(DCPT) 결과로부터 전단파속도($V_s$)를 추정하기 위하여 동적 콘 관입지수(DCPI)와 전단파속도의 상호관계를 제시하고자 하였다. 상호관계의 신뢰도를 확보하기 위하여 동적 콘 관입시험 및 전단파속도 획득은 시공 완료된 철도 상부노반에서 수행되었다. 전단파속도 획득 방법으로서 cross hole 방법이 사용되었으며, 수신기와 발신기의 중간 위치에서 동적 콘 관입시험이 수행되었다. 동일한 심도에서의 동적 콘 관입지수 및 전단파속도 비교 결과, 전단파속도는 결정계수가 0.8 이상인 동적 콘 관입지수의 거듭제곱 형태로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 동적 콘 관입기를 이용한 상부노반의 강도평가와 동시에 전단파속도 추정 방법으로써 유용하게 사용될 것이라 기대된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 지반공학 공동 학술발표회
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• pp.360-372
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• 2005

The weathering degree and shear wave velocity, $V_S$, were evaluated for decomposed granite layers in Hongsung, where earthquake damages have occurred. The subsurface geological layers and their $V_S$ profiles were determined, respectively, from boring investigations and seismic tests such as crosshole, downhole and SASW tests. The subsurface layers were composed of 10 to 40 m thickness of weathered residual soil and weathered rock in most sites. In the laboratory, the weathering indexes with depth were estimated based on the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis using samples obtained from field, together with the dynamic soil properties determined from resonant column tests using reconstituted specimens. According to the results, it was examined that most weathering degrees represented such as VR, Li, CIA, MWPI and WIP were decreased with increasing depth with exception of RR and CWI. For weathered residual soils in Hongsung, the $V_S's$ determined from borehole seismic tests were slightly increased with increasing depth, and were similar to those from resonant column tests. Furthermore, the $V_S$ values were independent on the weathering degrees, which were decreased with depth.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.623-635
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• 2022

This paper presents the re-evaluation of existing piezocone penetration test (CPTu)-based shear wave velocity (V_s) equations through their application into well-documented data obtained at nine sites in six countries. The re-evaluation indicates that the existing equations are appropriate to use for any specific soil, but not for various types of clays. Existing equations were adjusted to suit all nine clays and show that the correlations between the measured and predicted V_s values tend to improve with an increasing number of parameters in the equations. An adjusted equation, which comprises a CPTu parameter and two soil properties (i.e., effective overburden stress and void ratio) with the best correlation, can be converted into a CPTu-based equation that has two CPTu parameters and depth by considering the effect of soil cementation. Then, the developed equation was verified by application to each of the nine soils and nine other worldwide clays, in which the predicted V_s values are comparable with the measured and the stochastically simulated values. Accordingly, the newly developed CPTu-based equation, which is a time-saving and economical method and can estimate V_s indirectly for any type of naturally deposited clay, is recommended for practical applications.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2006

사질토의 액상화에 대한 저항 강도는 포화도에 상당히 의존한다. 압축파 속도는 현장에서 쉽게 측정이 가능하고 포화도의 영향을 크게 받기 때문에 현장 지반의 포화도를 예측하고자 할 때 효율적으로 사용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 시료의 포화가 가능하고 전단파, 압축파 속도 측정 및 비배수 상태에서 비틂전단 시험을 수행시 유발되는 과잉간극수압을 측정할 수 있는 비틂전단 시험기를 개발하였다. 토요라 모래에 대해 전단파, 압축파 속도 측정이 수행되고, 비배수 비틂전단 시험을 실시하였다. 포화도(B값)에 따른 시료의 전단파 속도 및 압축파 속도를 이론식과 비교하여 개발된 시험기를 검증하였으며, 여러 B값에서 비배수 TS 시험동안 유발되는 과잉 간극수압의 변화를 측정 분석하였다.