• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.243-254
• /
• 2002

This study investigates the structural behavior of cracked or uncracked RC columns retrofitted with CFS and evaluates the shear retrofit performance through experiment. Experimental works were conducted for sixth specimens varied in the adhesion method of CFS, the ratio of shear reinforcement bar, and the existence of crack before retrofitting. Throughout cyclic test, the strength, stiffness, failure modes, and ductility are discussed. The test results show that the retrofitting method with CFS improve the shear strength and ductility. The crack width below 2mm, occurred before retrofitting, didn't reduce the shear strengthening effect.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.74-81
• /
• 2009

In this study, the seismic performance of RC school buildings which were not designed according to earthquake-resistance design code were evaluated by using response spectrum and push-over analyses. The torsional amplification effect due to plan irregularity is considered and then the efficiency of seismic retrofitting methods such as RC shear wall, steel frame, RC frame and PC wing wall was investigated. The analysis result indicate that the inter-story drift concentrated in the first floor and most plastic hinge forms at the column of the first story. Among the retrofitting methods, the PC wing wall has the highest seismic performance in strength and story drift aspect. Especially, it can make building ductile behavior due to the concentrated inter-story drift at the first column hinge is distributed overall stories. The axial force, shear force and moment magnitude of existing elements significantly decreased after retrofitting. However, the axial and shear force of the elements connected to the additional retrofitting elements increased, and especially the boundary columns at the end of the retrofitting shear wall should be reinforced for assuring the enhancement of seismic performance.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.207-223
• /
• 2011

The results of an experimental investigation are presented in this paper for retrofitting of shear damaged reinforced concrete beams by using U shaped CFRP strips. The experimental program is consisted of seven shear deficient T cross sectioned 1/2 scale simply supported beam specimens. One beam was used as reference specimen, and the remaining six specimens were tested in two stages. At the first stage, specimens were shear damaged severely, and then were retrofitted by using CFRP strips with or without fan type anchorages. Finally, retrofitted beams were tested up to failure. Three different CFRP strip spacing were used such as 125 mm, 150 mm, and 200 mm. The effect of anchorages on shear strength and behavior of the retrofitted specimens is investigated. CFRP strips without anchorages improved the shear strength, but no flexural failure mode was observed. Specimens showed brittle shear failure due to peeling of CFRP strip from RC beam surface. Shear damaged specimens retrofitted with anchoraged CFRP strips showed improved shear strength and ductile flexural failure. Maximum strains at anchoraged strips were approximately 68% larger than that of strips without anchorages.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.183-194
• /
• 2015

In this paper, Nonlinear Static Pushover analysis method(NSP) is proposed which apply to RC buildings reinforced by external retrofit for seismic performance. Based on previous analysis and research, NSP is more developed by connection nonlinearity according to shear resistance mechanism such as dowel and adhesive resistance as major shear resistance elements. According to the proposed method, structural analysis for example buildings was carried out to evaluate seismic performance of buildings. And, it was confirmed that depending on shear strain and characteristics of joint resistant of external retrofitting are different from internal retrofitting. Furthermore, the strength reduction coefficient of the anchor needs to be considered at the joint design.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.425-436
• /
• 2019

Successive ground motions having short time intervals have occurred in many earthquakes so far. It is necessary to investigate the effects of this phenomenon on different types of structures and to take these effects into consideration while designing or retrofitting structures. The effects of seismic sequences on the structures with combined reinforced concrete shear wall and moment resisting frame system have not been investigated in details yet. This paper has tried to analyse the seismic performance of structures with such structural systems subjected to mainshock-aftershock sequences. The effects of the seismic sequences on the investigated models are evaluated by strong measures such as IDA capacity and fragility and vulnerability curves. The results of this study show that the seismic sequences have a significant effect on the investigated models, which necessitates considering this effect on designing, retrofitting, decision making, and taking precautions.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.305-313
• /
• 2012

비보강 조적조 건축물은 전세계적으로 기존의 건물 및 역사 건축물의 많은 부분을 차지하고 있다. 특히, 최근 지진이 전세계적으로 빈번하게 나타남에 따라 비보강 조적조 구조물에 대한 내진 보강 대책이 요구되고 있다. 현재 비보강 조적조의 보강방법으로는 숏크리트, ECC jacketing, FRPs(fiber reinforced polymer sheet) 등이 개발되어 사용되고 있다. 특히 많은 엔지니어들이 FRPs를 사용한 보강방법을 채택하는 경향이 보이는데 이는 숏크리트나 ECC jacketing과는 달리 벽체의 두께 확장에 따른 구조물 자중 증가 문제없이 비보강 조적조의 전단강도를 향상시킬 수 있기 때문이다. 그러나 비보강 조적 벽체의 복잡한 역학적 거동과 FRPs를 사용한 실험 데이터의 부족은 아직까지도 적절한 보강량을 산정하는데 어려움을 주고 있다. 이 연구는 비보강 조적조의 면내 거동을 확인하고 두 가지의 다른 특징을 가진 FRPs를 사용한 보강 효과에 대한 정보를 주기 위해 수행되었다. 실험체는 1970년대 한국에서 빈번하게 지어진 저층형 연립주택의 내벽을 대상으로 하고 있으며 별도의 내진 설계는 되어있지 않은 상태이다. 실험체의 형상비는 실제 상황을 반영하기 위해 1에 가깝게 설정되어 있다. 보강 재료로는 탄소섬유보강 시트와 하이브리드 시트를 사용하였으며 이들은 각각 다른 극한 강도와 탄성계수 및 극한 변형률을 보유하고 있다. 연구 결과 비보강 조적 벽체의 면내 전단력 저항 성능을 확인하였으며 FRPs가 사용된 내진 보강 방안의 특성을 분석할 수 있었다. 또한 FRPs를 사용한 보의 전단보강 방법에 착안하여 비보강 조적조에 대한 FRPs의 보강 설계안을 도출할 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.505-518
• /
• 2000

A major cause of premature debonding of tension face plates is shear peeling (Jones et al. 1988, Swamy et al. 1989, Ziraba et al. 1994, Zhang et al. 1995), that is debonding at the plate ends that is associated with the formation of shear diagonal cracks that are caused by the action of vertical shear forces. It is shown in this paper how side plated beams are less prone to shear peeling than tension face plated beams, as the side plate automatically increases the resistance of the reinforced concrete beam to shear peeling. Tests are used to determine the increase in the shear peeling resistance that the side plates provide, and also the effect of vertical shear forces on the pure flexural peeling strength that was determined in the companion paper. Design rules are then developed to prevent premature debonding of the plate ends due to peeling and they are applied to the strengthening and stiffening of continuous reinforced concrete beams. It is shown how these design rules for side plated beams can be adapted to allow for propped and unpropped construction and the time effects of creep and shrinkage, and how side plates can be used in conjunction with tension face plates.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2013

Some results of experimental investigation conducted to assess the effect of cement composite strength and ductility on the shear behavior and crack-damage mitigation of stud connections between existing reinforced concrete frame in school buildings and seismic strengthening elements from cyclically direct shear tests are described. The cement composite strengths include 50 for medium strength and 70 MPa for high strength. Two types of cement composites, strain-hardening cement composite (SHCC) and non-shrinkage mortar, are used for stud shear connection specimens. The special SHCCs are reinforced with hybrid 0.2% polyethylene (PE) and 1.3% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers at the volume fraction and exhibits tensile strain capacity ranging from 0.2 to 0.5%. Test result indicates that SHCC improves the seismic performance and crack-damage mitigation of stud shear connections compared with stud connections with non-shrinkage mortar. However, the performance enhancement in SHCC stud connections with transverse and longitudinal reinforcements is less notable for those without additional reinforcement.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.1-25
• /
• 2015

The main goal of this study was to develop a convenient strengthening technique for retrofitting of reinforced concrete members. For this purpose a new retrofitting material so-called prefabricated-HSPRCC (high performance steel plate reinforced cementitious composite) panel was developed by using high performance concrete and perforated steel plate. Prefabricated-HSPRCC composes advantages of steel and high performance concrete. The prefabricated-HSPRCC panels were either only bonded on the specimens using epoxy mortar or anchored to the specimen by steel bolts as well as bonding. Effect of different variations such as prefabricated-HSPRCC panel thicknesses, steel plate thicknesses, puncture orientation of perforated steel plate, existence of anchorage etc. were studied through a simple experimental work. The behaviour of the specimens under vertical point load was also studied by using simple mechanics. The retrofitted specimens were found to exhibit much better performance both in terms of strength and deformation capability. The anchorage application was found to positively affect this improved performance. Furthermore, as a result of the tests the best parameters of prefabricated-HSPRCC plate for improving strength and deformation capacities were determined.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제53권1호
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2015

Due to design codes and regulations and the variety of building plans in Turkey, it is very often seen that band-type windows are left for ventilation and lightening of the basements of buildings which are used for various purposes such as workplaces and storage. Therefore when the necessary support measures cannot be given, short columns are subjected to very high shear forces and so damage occurs. One of the precautions to avoid the damage of short column mechanisms in buildings where band-type windows are in the basement is to strengthen the short columns with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP). In this study, the effect of the FRP retrofitting process of the short columns around band-windowed structures, which are found especially in basement areas, is analyzed in accordance with Turkish Seismic Code 2007 (TSC 2007). Three different models which are bare frame, frame with short columns and retrofitted short columns with FRP, are created and analyzed according to TSC 2007 performance analysis methods to understand the effects of band windows in basements and the effect of FRP retrofitting.