• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.39-47
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• 2013

Local deformations in back filling materials of two sands and one glass bead with different particle shapes behind a rigid retaining wall were studied. Two kinds of boundary conditions were compared: active wall translation and active rotation of the wall about its toe. Effect of the speed of active wall translation was also investigated. The digital image correlation method was used to analyze local deformation developments inside the materials. Test results showed that particle shape and density mainly influence the inclination angle and width of the shear band. The general shear band pattern is strongly dependent on the wall movement mode, while it was little influenced by particle shape. Within a limited range of wall speed in this study, shear band became wider and local deformation became larger with increase of wall speed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.161-164
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• 2000

In this paper, a finite element structural analysis for thin-walled open-section composite beams with elastic couplings has been performed. The analysis includes the effects of transverse shear across beam sections, torsion warping and constrained warping. Reissner's semi-complementary energy functional is used to obtain the beam st illness coefficients The bending and torsion related warpings and the shear correct ion factors are obtained as part of the analysis. The resulting theory describes the beam kinematics in terms of the axial, flap and lag bending, flap and lag shear, torsion and torsion-warping deformations. The static response has been validated against finite element predict ions, closed form solutions, and experimental data for rectangular sol id and I-beams with elastic couplings. The free vibration results are also compared with available literature.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.357-371
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• 2016

Column base connections are critical components in steel structures because they transfer axial forces, shear forces and moments to the foundation. Exposed column bases are quite commonly used in low- to medium-rise buildings. To investigate shear transfer in exposed column base plates, four large scale specimens were subjected to a combination of axial load (compression or tension) and lateral shear deformations. The main parameters examined experimentally include the number of anchor rod, arrangement of anchor rod, type of lateral loading, and axial force ratio. It is observed that the shear resisting mechanism of exposed column base changed as the axial force changed. When the axial force is in compression, the resisting mechanism is rotation type, and the shear force will be resisted by friction force between base plate and mortar layer. The specimens could sustain inelastic deformation with minimal strength deterioration up to column rotation angle of 3%. The moment resistance and energy dissipation will be increased as the number of anchor rods increased. Moreover, moment resistance could be further increased if the anchor rods were arranged in details. When the axial force is in tension, the resisting mechanism is slip type, and the shear force will be resisted by the anchor rods. And the shear resistance was reduced significantly when the axial force was changed from compression to tension. The test results indicated that the current design approach could estimate the moment resistance within reasonable acceptance, but overestimate the shear resistance of exposed column base.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.811-818
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• 1998

A cylindrical elastic layer in finite deformation s con-sidered. The characteristics of the linear longitudinal wave and the nonlinear shear wave are investigated; the dependence of the later on the parameter of large deformation is given.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2003

The length of the links in an eccentrically braced frame will dictate the behavior of the frame. Link length controls the yielding mechanism and the ultimate failure mode. For short links, the links' shear forces reach the plastic shear capacity before the end moments reach the plastic moment capacity, and the links yields in the shear, forming a shear hinges. These links are termed "shear links." For long links, the end moments reach the plastic moment capacity before the links' shear forces reach the plastic shear capacity, forming moment hinges. These links are termed moment links." In long links, flexural yielding dominates the response, and very high bending strains are required at the link ends to produce large link deformations. In a shear links, the shear force is constant along the length of the links, and the inelastic shear strain are is uniformly distributed over the length of the links. This permits the development of large inelastic link deformations without the development of excessively high local strains. However, The use of eccentrically braced steel frames for the purpose of architectural cionsiderations such as openings and doors, areis dictating the use of longer links, though. Little data areis available on the behavior of long links under cyclic loading conditions. In This paper documents the results of an experimental program is that was conducted to assess the response of moment links in eccentrically braced frames. Sixteen specimens awere tested using a cyclic load.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.73 no.3
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• pp.259-269
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• 2020

In this paper, bending-stretching analysis of thick functionally graded piezoelectric rectangular plates is studied using the higher-order shear and normal deformable plate theory. On the basis of this theory, Legendre polynomials are used for approximating the components of displacement field. Also, the effects of both normal and shear deformations are encountered in the theory. The governing equations are derived using the principle of virtual work and variational approach. It is assumed that plate is made of piezoelectric materials with functionally graded distribution of material properties. Hence, exponential function is used to modify mechanical and electrical properties through the thickness of the plate. Finally, the effect of material properties, electrical boundary conditions and dimensions are investigated on the static response of plate. Also, it is shown that results of the presented model are close to the three dimensional elasticity solutions.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.451-461
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• 2016

A new first-order shear deformation theory is developed for dynamic behavior of functionally graded beams. The equations governing the axial and transverse deformations of functionally graded plates are derived based on the present first-order shear deformation plate theory and the physical neutral surface concept. There is no stretching-bending coupling effect in the neutral surface based formulation, and consequently, the governing equations and boundary conditions of functionally graded beams based on neutral surface have the simple forms as those of isotropic plates. The accuracy of the present solutions is verified by comparing the obtained results with the existing solutions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.463-478
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• 2000

An iterative procedure for the analysis of reinforced concrete frames with beams in cracked state is presented. ACI and CEB model equations are used for the effective moment of inertia of the cracked members. In the analysis, shear deformations are taken into account and reduced shear stiffness is considered by using effective shear modulus models available in the literature. Based on the aforementioned procedure, a computer program has been developed. The results of the computer program have been compared with the experimental results available in the literature and found to be in good agreement. Finally, a parametric study is carried out on a two story reinforced concrete frame.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.139-142
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• 2005

This paper presents a deformable strut-and-tie model of determining the shear strengths and ultimate deformations of the shear-dominant reinforced concrete members. The proposed model originates from the strut-and-tie model concept and satisfies equilibrium, compatibility, constitutive laws, and the geometric conditions of shear deformation. This study attempts to apply deformation patterns to strut-and-tie models. The yielding of flexural reinforcements determines yielding states and the ultimate states of reinforced concrete coupling beam are defined as the ultimate compressive strain of struts and the degradation of compressive strength due to principal tensile strain of struts. The validity and accuracy of the proposed model is then tested against available experimental data. The parameters reviewed include the ratios of truss action and arch action, the reinforcement ratios, and the shear span-depth ratio. It is expected that this model can be applied to displacement-based design methods.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.315-325
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• 2016

A new first-order shear deformation theory is developed for dynamic behavior of functionally graded beams. The equations governing the axial and transverse deformations of functionally graded plates are derived based on the present first-order shear deformation plate theory. The governing equations and boundary conditions of functionally graded beams have the simple forms as those of isotropic plates. The influences of the volume fraction index and thickness-to-length ratio on the fundamental frequencies are discussed. The accuracy of the present solutions is verified by comparing the obtained results with the existing solutions.