• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.95-120
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structure of cost-sharing for oriental medical services in the national health insurance. Out-of-pocket payment in ambulatory oriental medical care is a co-payment of KRW3,000 up to total expenses of KRW15,000, and co-insurance rate of 30% thereafetr. The empirical analysis based on medial claims data shows that the frequency of medical claims for outpatient care are mostly concentrated just below a total expenses of KRW15,000, and it decreases beyond a total expense of KRW15,000, while it rebounds between KRW17,000${\sim}$20,000. This means the current co-payment(KRW3,000) in oriental medical services should be applied up to a total payment of KRW17,000${\sim}$20,000, or the level of co-payment should be adjusted upward to KRW45,000 in order to be consistent in cost-sharing, between co-payment and co-insurance.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to estimate the magnitude of patient's actual cost-sharing for hospital services in the National Health Insurance which has been estimated with only a few hospitals or limited number of patients. Also we aimed at analysis of factors influencing the magnitude. Sources of analyzed data were two databases. 1997 medical benefits record of the National Federation of Medical Insurance and 1997 Statistics for Hospital Management from the Korea Institute of Health Services Management(KIHM). We merged two databases and related records for 224 hospitals. based on the identification details of each hospital. The average percent of patients' cost-sharing was 51.7% of total hospital revenues from the insurance. with 40.3% of revenue in inpatient and 67.4% in outpatient. respectively. The contributing hospital factors to the magnitude of cost-sharing were size of hospitals. teaching status. location. number of employed physicians. etc. Larger and university hospital. urban location. and with more physicians were positively correlated with higher level of cost-sharing. Additionally, the higher the expenses of inpatient's treatment was, the higher the size of patient's cost-sharing was. These findings suggest that present level of patients' cost-sharing is quitely high and it is urgent to reduce the patient's cost-sharing to the reasonable level. It would be necessary to extend the coverage of insurance benefits and to develop policies focusing on larger hospitals and inpatient services.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.383-402
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting family caregiver financial burden of out-of pocket expenses for the nursing home service under Long-term Care Insurance System. We conducted a national cross-sectional descriptive survey from July to September 2010 to collect data based on the long-term care benefits cost specification. Total 1,016 family caregivers completed questionnaires. 185 subjects of total were excluded from the data analysis due to being answered by user(18 cases), or caregivers not to pay for services expenditures(122 cases), having a missing data on family caregivers characteristics(45 cases). Finally, 831 subjects were included in the study. The average financial burden was 3.18(${\pm}0.71$). We divided subjects into two groups by level of burden, high-burden group and low-burden group. In the result of the multiple logistic regression analysis, family caregiver financial burden was significantly higher in family caregivers with ages 40 to 49 compared to less than 40, lower educational level, unsatisfaction for long-term care service, high percentage(more than 50%) of cost-sharing and high total out-of pocket expenses(more than 300,000 won) for long-term care services. Also, Family caregivers who are spouse felt higher financial burden compared to son. This study is meaningful as the first attempt to measure family caregiver financial burden for long-term care service and to identify factors affecting the financial burden. Family caregivers felt financial burden of out-of pocket expenses for the nursing home service. The policy makers, the insurer, and the providers need to pay attention to ease family caregiver financial burden.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.463-475
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• 2012

Cooperation is an essential element in mathematics education with independence. We observe cooperative learning and apply it to the education spot. We conducted cooperative learning experiment with students who were not ready for the prerequisite learning of college mathematics. We try to make up the prerequisite learning through collaborative learning to them. We discuss how cooperative learning affects the students who were not ready for the prerequisite learning of college mathematics.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2004

The paper's suggestion is about hereditary facts between family members. Diagnosing patients from the point of patients temporary conditions, and so performing primitive examinations and treatments, can lead not only to frequent wrong diagnoses, and to huge medical expenses and times to the patients, but even to critical situation of patients or taking lives away. As a means to cut these cases down to a minimum, sharing medical treatment information between family members is suggested. This approach makes possible understanding physical constitution and environment between family members, and can result in bringing a faster treatment effect if some family member suffers from a similar disease. This approach, since a participation in a family membership effectuates all of family members, can minimize the membership fees, thus enabling inter-family health care on a home doctor basis.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.132-143
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• 2014

본 연구는 여성가족패널조사(KLoWF) 제3차년도 조사(2012)를 활용하여 미취학자녀를 1명 이상 둔 여성 임금근로자 218명을 연구대상으로 선정하여 양육스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하였다. 연구결과, 가족내 역할인식이 높을수록, 남편 가사노동 분담에 대한 만족도가 높을수록, 양육비용이 적을수록 양육스트레스는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 함의는, 첫째, 여성 임금근로자 자신이 전통적인 여성의 역할인식을 할 때 오히려 양육스트레스가 높기에, 이제는 주부의 취업에 대한 인식과 맞벌이 부부의 가사업무분담 및 주택의 부부공동명의 등 인식의 전환이 필요하다. 둘째, 남편 가사노동 분담에 따른 만족도가 양육스트레스에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 향후 남편의 가사노동 분담의 효과성에 대한 접근이 필요하다. 후속 연구를 위한 제언은 여성의 직종 중 교대근무를 하는 직종비율이 높음을 감안할 때, 이들의 양육스트레스 등을 연구하기 위한 변수를 추가할 필요가 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2017

교통 분야에서 대표적인 공유 사례로 꼽히는 카셰어링(Car Sharing)은 한 대의 차량을 여러 사람이 짧은 시간 단위로 나눠 쓰는 이용 형태로써, 비영리 단체에서 운영하는 NFP(Not For Profit), 수익을 목적으로 민간 기업이 개인을 상대로 운영하는 B2C(Business to Customer), 개인과 개인이 직접 연결되는 P2P(Peer to Peer) 방식으로 운영형태가 구분된다. 이 중 P2P 카셰어링은 개인이 소유한 차량을 공유하는 방식이며 추가적인 차량 구매율을 감소시키고 유휴 차량을 최소화하여 교통혼잡완화 및 효율적인 교통수요관리가 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구는 공유 개념을 도입한 교통수요관리 정책 마련 및 지속가능한 교통 체계로의 전환을 위한 전략으로 P2P 카셰어링 도입 방안을 고찰하고, 도입 시에 예상되는 제약사항 및 운영활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 연구의 공간적 범위는 서울시 아파트 단지를 대상으로 하였다. 아파트 단지 내에서는 관리사무소 활용에 따른 운영적 측면에서의 지출규모 최소화가 가능하고 주차면 확보에 큰 문제가 없는 점 등이 P2P 카셰어링을 원활하게 운영할 수 있는 여건으로 판단되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

우리나라는 전 국민 건강보험 의료체계를 근간으로 하고 있으나, 보장성이 낮아 많은 국민들이 높은 의료비의 재정적 부담 완화를 위해 민간의료보험에 가입하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 민간의료보험의 가입 여부가 개인의 본인부담 진료비 지불에 대한 주관적인 부담 수준에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 보건의료정책방향 관련 대국민 실태조사 자료를 활용하여 총 1,564명을 연구 대상자로 선정하였으며, 관련성 파악을 위해 이분형 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 민간의료보험 가입 여부는 본인부담금의 주관적 부담 수준과 유의한 관련이 있었으며(p<.0001), 민간의료보험 미가입자가 가입자에 비해 주관적 부담 수준이 더 높았다(OR, 1,190; 95% CI, 1,188-1,192). 고연령, 저소득층의 민간의료보험 가입률이 낮음을 감안할 때, 경제적 부담을 대비하는 민간의료보험의 순기능 강화와 형평성 문제 해결을 위한 민간의료보험의 역할 재정립이 필요하다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.54-68
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• 2003

This study aims at efficiency of kitchen management by adoption of a systematic central kitchen and conversion of conventional kitchen to convenience kitchen at ' H ' restaurant. First, integrated menu control of banquet buffet functions became more competitive with quality menu and eventually brought about guests satisfaction. Second, systematic central kitchen made possible standardization and mass production through simplified production line. Efficiency through quick service and shortened preparation time was realized, and food materials were recycled effectively at the same time. Integrated ordering lowered purchasing price and built an efficient cost control system. Third, conversion of conventional kitchen to convenience kitchen and strengthened central kitchen system facilitated agreeable work conditions and optimal work flow with butcher's and even sauce making utensils. Fourth, integrated supply system of buffet menu and sauce from western restaurants saved about 520 million won of labor costs. Last, one integrated kitchen out of two was easier in sanitation control with pleasant restaurant space. Sharing kitchen facilities and equipments also saved about 30% of maintenance fee. Power, water, and gas were also saved and eventually curtailed overall expenses.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.99-116
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• 2012

As a way to allocate lots of orders to many participants for vehicle allocation problem, this study has used an agent negotiation based reverse auction model. This agent negotiation provides coordination functions allowing all participants to make a profit, and accomplishing Pareto optimum solution from the viewpoint of a whole trucking cargo transportation network. In order to build a strategic cooperation relationship based on information sharing, this agent negotiation provides a coordination mechanism in which all the participants including consignors, brokerage firms, and car owners are able to attain their own profits, and also that ensure a competitive market. This study has tried to prove that the result of an agent-based negotiation is the Pareto optimal solution under the present market environment. We established a mathematical formulation for a comparison with the Integer Programming model, and analysing e-Marketplace, structure of shipping expenses and brokerage system in the trucking cargo transportation industry.