• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.65-76
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• 2007

Studies in landscape ecology have emphasized on the relationship between landscape patterns and shapes. A variety of landscape metrics has been developed so far to quantify landscape structures. Therefore, their developments and widespread applications become possible with the advent of spatial information systems including geographic information systems(GIS) and remote sensing. This study is to grasp the change of land use and landscape ecology indices, and to analyze the change of landscape structure in a part of Gyeonggi-do during 15 years from 1985 to 2000. Green-area distribution maps and agricultural-area distribution maps for the analysis were reconstructed from land cover maps constructed by WAMIS(Water Management Information System). And then, 4 landscape ecology indices(TA, LPI, SHAPE_AM, CAI_MN) for the green-area and 5 landscape ecology indices(TA, PD, LPI, LSI, CAI_MN) for the agricultural-area were selected by using pearson correlation analysis. According to the spatio-temporal change analysis using landscape ecology indices, the green-area fragmentation of Yongin was the most severe of the study area and the agricultural-area fragmentation of Gwangju and Namyangju was more severe than any other regions.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze, by forming an experimental area of artificial soil green area that is of equal scale and analyzing the characteristics of runoff water in accordance with the cross-section configuration, applied the benefits in an actual multi-housing case study complex. In examining the measurement test results of the runoff water infiltration amount and surface runoff amount of a low-profile type green area(Dish type) and a general type green area(Mound type), Dish type was seen to have 1.5-times higher runoff water infiltration amount than Mound type during heavy rainfalls and showed about a 50% reduction with respect to the surface runoff amount. In other words, artificial soil green area offers the benefit of reduction of surface runoff amount and suggests, in actuality even with a change to the cross-sectional configuration of artificial soil green area alone at the time of construction of multi-housings, the possibility of benefits and reduction of costs spent on existing rainwater management facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.313-323
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• 2003

The sliding wear behaviors of Zircaloy-4 nuclear fuel rod were investigated using two support springs with convex and concave shapes in room temperature air and water. The main focus is to compare the wear behavior of various test variables such as slip amplitude, environment, contact contours with different spring shape and a number of cycles. The results indicated that wear volume and maximum wear depth increased with slip amplitude in both air and water, but their trends tended to change according to the spring shapes and test environments. In air condition, the wear volume was controlled by wear debris behavior generated on worn surface. As a result, final wear volume and maximum wear depth decreased if a ratio of protruded wear volume to worn area $(D_p)$ would be saturated to specific value. This is because wear particle layer could accommodate large strain by accumulating and transforming wear particle layer. However, in water condition, metal-to metal contact was more dominant and wear volume was greatly affected by changed mechanical behavior between contact surfaces since wear debris should be generated after repeated plastic deformation and fracture. After wear test, worn surfaces were examined using optical microscope and SEM and details of wear mechanism were discussed using a ratio of wear volume to worn area $(D_e)$ at each test condition.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.73-92
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• 1987

Formulation of the geometric optimization for truss structures based on the elasticity theory turn out to be the nonlinear programming problem which has to deal with the cross-sectional area of the member and the coordinates of its nodes simultaneously. A few techniques have been proposed and adopted for the analysis of this nonlinear programming problem for the time being. These techniques, however, bear some limitations on truss shapes, loading conditions and design criteria for the practical application to real structures. A generalized algorithm for the geometric optimization of the truss structures, which can eliminate the above mentioned limitations, is developed in this study. The algorithm proposed utilizes the two-levels technique. In the first level which consists of two phases, the cross-sectional area of the truss member is optimized by transforming the nonlinear problem into SUMT, and solving SUMT utilizing the modified Newton Raphson method. In the second level, which also consists of two phases the geometric shape is optimized utillzing the unindirectional search technique of the Powell method which make it possible to minimize only the objective functlon. The algorithm proposed in this study is numerically tested for several truss structures with various shapes, loading conditions and design criteria, and compared with the results of the other algorithms to examine its applicability and stability. The numerical comparisons show that the two- levels algorithm proposed in this study is safely applicable to any design criteria, and the convergency rate is relatively fast and stable compared with other iteration methods for the geometric optimization of truss structures. It was found for the result of the shape optimization in this study to be decreased greatly in the weight of truss structures in comparison with the shape optimization of the truss utilizing the algorithm proposed with the other area optimum method.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.677-687
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• 2007

This research aims to classify the physical characteristics of middle aged women. The characteristics are esteemed to be adopted for the formalisation of the types of their body figures and their characteristics for each type. For this purpose, middle aged women in the significant change of their body shapes were sampled for body measurement which would be used for the comparison between each measured figure. A group of sample for this research was constructed with 154 middle aged women who is currently living in Seoul and its Metropolitan area and being in their age of $35{\sim}59$. Particularly, the analysis on the girth of belly shows a significant difference subject to each age group so that a distinguished change in the girth of belly is observed as the age gets older. With the SPSS programme, the physical characteristics of middle aged women were analysed by the variation analysis and correlation analysis. In terms of the analysis on the body mass index and the flatness index, the observed result that there is a significant difference between the indices for late middle aged women and early and mid middle aged women shows far more different result from Yu-Kyung Choi(1997) that the body figures of middle aged women tend to start rapidly to change from their ages of 49. This can be explained to some extent in that the increased interest in much healthier and slimmer body shapes beginning from widely-spread so called "well-being" syndrome results in the increase in the number of middle aged women taking care of their health management so that the ages starting their body shape to become obese tend to be deferred. Another explanation is also feasible to partly extent that the middle aged women living in Seoul and Kyung-Gi area are much more looking after their health management than those living in other areas. However, this research has a limitation in that the physical measurement for this research has been conducted focusing on the women living in Seoul and Kyung-Gi area. Hence, it is further expected going forward that the physical measurement for middle aged women living in other areas should follow for the comparison purpose.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.477-486
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• 2012

High-resolution bathymetry and physico-chemical properties of manganese nodules were explored to identify the relationship between morphological features and nodule occurrences in the KR1, one of the Korean contract nodule fields located in the NE Pacific. The high-resolution seabed mapping showed that the southwestern sector of the KR1 (KR1-1) was relatively deeper than the northeastern sector (KR1-2) which is occupied by small-scale seamounts. In terms of nodule occurrence, manganese nodules in the KR1-1 were comparatively larger (2-4 cm) with rough surface (t-type) and discoidal shapes (D-type), while those in the KR1-2 were generally small (<2 cm) with smooth surface (s-type) and irregular shapes (I-type). In addition, the nodules in the KR1-1 had higher contents of Cu, Mn and Ni. Such connections of water depths to nodule appearances and metal contents are commonly observed in the Pacific nodule fields. On the other hand, the nodules in the KR1-2 tend to be controled by morphological features. The seamounts in the KR1-2 might continuously provide rock fragments as new nuclei of manganese nodules. As a result, the nodules could not grow over than 2 cm and showed the shapes of a newbie (i.e., smooth surface and irregular shapes). As a result, our observations indicate that occurrence features of manganese nodules could be subjected to water depths and seabed morphology simultaneously.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.576-584
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• 2011

Purpose: The shape and location, the amount of the wound and the characteristics of the remaining tissues are known to influence wound contraction. The previous studies using small animals have not been an appropriate model because the wound healing mechanisms and skin structures are different from those of the human. The purpose of this study is to evaluate wound contraction according to the shape and location of the wound using a $Micropig^{(R)}$. Methods: Four $Micropigs^{(R)}$ (Medikinetics, Pyeongtaek, Korea) that were 10 months of age weighed 25 kg were used. Full thickness skin defects were made by clearing all the tissues above the fascial layer in the shape of square, a regular triangle and a circle of 9 $cm^2$ each on the back around the spine. Eight wounds were created on the back of each pig, 50 mm apart from each other. The randomly chosen wound shapes included 11 squares, 11 regular triangles, and 10 circles. Wound dressing was done every other day with polyurethane foam. The wound size was measured using a Visitrak $Digital^{(R)}$ (Smith & Nephew, Hull, UK) on every other day after surgery from day 2 to day 28. A biopsy was performed on day 3, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks to investigate the degree of acute and chronic inflammation, the number of microvesssel and myofibroblast density using H & E stain and immunohistochemistry. The wound contraction rate was calculated to figure out the differences among each of the shapes and the locations. Results: The ultimate shape of the circle wound was oval, and that of the regular triangle and square were stellate. The maximum contraction rate was obtained on 8 to 10 days for all the shapes, which corresponds with the immunohistochemical finding that myofibroblast increases in the earlier 2 weeks whereas it decreases in the later 2 weeks. Epithelialization was seen in the wound margin on day 7 and afterwards. The final wound contraction rates were highest for the regular triangle shapes; however, there were no statistically significant differences. The wound contraction rates by locations showed statistically significant differences. The wound in the cephalic area presented more contractions than that of the wounds in the caudal area. Conclusion: The location of a wound is more important factor than the wound shape in wound contraction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.59-73
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• 2001

This paper is to examine the meaning of activities of a number of artists who belong to Constructivism in the fashion design area during early twentieth century. After Russian Revolution, the artists like Nadeshda Lamanowa, Ljubow Popowa and Warwara Stepanova decided to devote to practical art area for many People. It's very meaningful for them to jump into real work places like a textile mill and a clothing workshop instead of staying in fine art area. Constructivism is more related to social interest rather than individual thing. The artists tried to apply their modeling principles in fine art to dress making. We can see the geometrical lines and shapes and big differences In colors and material in their dress. The artists had also shown personal tastes to dress works. This idea of togetherness with their time and even to create the style of it. was very renovative at that time and gave an influence on the later styles.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2003

The automatic recognition of transport containers using image processing is very hard because of the irregular size and position of identifiers, diverse colors of background and identifiers, and the impaired shapes of identifiers caused by container damages and the bent surface of container, etc. We proposed and evaluated the novel recognition algorithm of container identifiers that overcomes effectively the hardness and recognizes identifiers from container images captured in the various environments. The proposed algorithm, first, extracts the area including only all identifiers from container images by using CANNY masking and bi-directional histogram method. The extracted identifier area is binarized by the fuzzy binarization method newly proposed in this paper and by applying contour tracking method to the binarized area, container identifiers which are targets of recognition are extracted. We proposed and applied the ART2-based RBF network for recognition of container identifiers. The results of experiment for performance evaluation on the real container images showed that the proposed algorithm has more improved performance in the extraction and recognition of container identifiers than the previous algorithms.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

This study analyzed major cities of Chung-cheong area in Korea, -Daejeon($36^{\circ}11'{\sim}36^{\circ}30'\;N$, $127^{\circ}15'{\sim}127{\circ}34'\;E$), Chungju($36^{\circ}54'{\sim}37{\circ}02'\;N$, $127^{\circ}52'{\sim}128^{\circ}02'\;E$), and Cheongju($36^{\circ}34'{\sim}36^{\circ}44'\;N$, $127^{\circ}22'{\sim}127^{\circ}34'\;E$)- their characteristics as a Information Site. The geology map, a summit level map, and a drainage network map are created and analyzed the Site. The results are as follows : First, the geology of these cities are related with the shapes and the characteristics of the inner basins. The relief of inner basin determines by the characteristics of the bedrocks. Second, the major cities are close to rivers and the size of the granite & alluvium area influences the relief energy of the urban areas. Finally, the drainage networks explains the process involved in forming the basin and development of urban area.