• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.88-98
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was twofold : first, to reduce as much as possible the shaking moments of the crank-type transplanting mechanism of walking-type rice transplanters, and second, to evaluate whether or not a crank-type transplanting mechanism, if its shaking moment is reduced, can be used in riding-type transplanters for high speed transplanting operations. For these purposes, kinematic and force analyses of the currently available crank-type transplanting mechanisms were made and their results were compared with those observed by experimentation. The degree of shaking moment effect was also estimated Various efforts to minimize the shaking moments led to the development of a crank-type mechanism with a balancing gear, in which an eccentric balancing gear is combined into the driven link axis. Analysis of the developed mechanism showed that about 20% of the shaking energy can be reduced and about 40% of reduction in peak shaking moment can be obtained when comparing with those obtained without the balancing gear. It was concluded that crank-type transplanting mechanisms can be used for high speed operations with a forward speed of 0.9-1.2m/s if the balancing gear is additionally mounted. However, further considerations must be made to solve the space constraints in relation to the structural frame of riding type of rice transplanters.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.845-848
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• 1994

The fermenting conditions for acetic acid production with Acetobacter sp. FM-10 which could grow in the medium containing 10% ehtanol were investigated. Initial concentration of acetic acid in broth medium affected greatly to the fermentation speed. For example , the acetic acid production increased proportionally by the increasing of initial concentration was higher that 1.0%. When the cultivation was started with broth medium containing 5% ethanol, the additional adding ethanol during the fermentation was not significantly increased the acidity of the medium. The acidity of the medium containing 10% ethanol was reached to 8.3% after shaking than static cultivation by about 10 days with 150 rpm shaking speed. Acetic acid production with shaking cultivation was faster the static cultivation by abot 10 days under the same condition except shaking. In acetic acid fermentation with the batch style fermentor , the optimum fermentation condition was 700 rpm of agitation speed and 5L/min air flow rate in 3L culture medium .

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.84-86
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• 2001

Capsaicin synthesis by suspension cultured cells of Jalapeno pepper (Capcicum annuum L.) was assessed in vitro under various conditions including temperature (23 and $30^{\circ}C$), light intensity (with light and without light), and shaking speed (110 and 200 rpm). Capsaicin production increased, while the cell biomass growth decreased possibly due to the production of a secondary metabolite. Capsaicin synthesis was primarily affected by light condition. Cells cultivated at 110 rpm and $23^{\circ}C$ under light condition yielded the highest fresh weight, while those cultivated under the same condition, but without light resulted in the lowest cell mass. Capsaicin content in cells of 18-day-old pepper grown at 110 rpm and $23^{\circ}C$ under light was 0.125% of the cell mass. However, without light treatment, the capsaicin content in cells at the same shaking speed and temperature increased up to 169%, indicating no light is favored in the capsaicin synthesis by Jalapeno pepper. Increasing the shaking speed from 110 to 200 rpm without light enhanced the capsaicin synthesis. Results of this study demonstrate that light condition is the limiting factor in the synthesis of capsaicin in tissue-cultured Jalapeno pepper cells.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.325-332
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• 2015

An active stimulating method for juvenile fishes to drive escaping from mesh of the codend was examined by shaking canvas in the bottom trawl followed by shrimp beam trawl. Field fishing trials by a bottom trawl were carried out between the Geomoondo and Jejudo in west of South sea, Korea by conver-net methods to examine the effect on the reduction of juvenile fish as a discard catch by generating a shaking movement of the codend using two pieces of asymmetrical semi-circular canvas. The mean period of the shaking motion with the round canvas was 10-15 s, and the range of amplitude as a vertical depth change was up to 0.4-0.6 m when towing speed 3.4-4.3 k't as estimated by peak event analysis. The escape rate of juvenile fish in conver-net by total juvenile bycatch (codend and cover-net) in 14 trials increased from 20% in a steady codend to 34% using a shaking codend in the bottom trawl, while the marketing catch or total bycatch was similar between steady and shaking cod ends. There was no difference in the body size of the fish and species composition between the steady and shaking cod ends. Above results demonstrate a new method for bycatch reduction actually up to 18% using an active stimulating device, although further experiments are needed to increase an effective shaking motion of the codend in amplitude and period for more bycatch reduction.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2013

A shaking motion could be used to improve fish escapement from a cod-end net by creating a sieving effect over the swept volume or by disturbing the optomotor response of the fish. In this study, a perpendicular shaking motion was generated in a towed cod-end net by a circular canvas attached to the end of the codend, which formed a biased cap-like shape. This concept was tested by using a model in a flow tank and by towing a prototype cod-end during sea trials. For the model tests, the amplitude of the shaking motion was $0.6{\pm}0.1$ times the rear diameter of the cod-end, and the period of the shaking motion was $2.6{\pm}0.1$ s at a flow velocity of 0.6 or 0.8 m/s. In the sea trials, the amplitude was $0.5{\pm}0.2$ times the rear diameter of the cod-end, and the period of the shaking motion was $7{\pm}4$ s at towing speeds of 1.2 or 1.7 m/s. Thus, the shaking amplitude during the sea trials was equal to or less than that observed in the tank tests, and the shaking period was twice as long. The shaking motion described by the amplitude and period could be an effective means to stimulate fish escapement from cod-end during fishing operations considering the response of the fish.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.442-447
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• 2004

Cell growth and gomisin J production by suspension cultures of Schisandra chinensis Baillon were investigated under various culture media, initial sucrose concentrations, shaking speeds, and inoculum sizes. Callus was induced from in vitro cultivated leaf segments on MS medium supplemented with $1\;mg/{\ell}$ NAA. The maximum dry cell weight of 2.23 g was obtained at inoculum size of 0.5 g fresh cell weight and in MB5 medium supplemented with $1\;mg/{\ell}$ NAA, 3% sucrose after 8 weeks. The production of gomisin J in suspension cell cultures was maximized in WPM medium containing 5% sucrose. The shaking speed for maintaining maximal cell dry weight was 100 rpm while the best shaking speed for gomisin J accumulation was 140 rpm.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.383-385
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• 1999

Cheese 제조시 부산물로 생성되는 whey를 배지로 사용하여 Aspergillus niger를 이용하여 citric acid를 생산하는데 영향을 미치는 여러 가지 요인 중 중요한 요인인 온도와 pH의 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다 15일간 27, 30, 33, $36^{\circ}C$와 pH 2, 3, 4, 5에서 각각 배양하면서 소비된 lactose의 양과 생산된 citric acid의 양을 측정하였다. 생산된 citric acid의 최대 농도는 33.9 g/l(구연산 생산에 쓰여진 유당을 기준으로 할 때 68.26%)이었으며, shaking speed는 citric acid 생산에 직접 영향을 주기보다는 pellet 형성시 그 형태에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 배양 온도가 $33^{\circ}C$, pH는 3일때 가장 많은 양의 citric acid가 생산되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.981-984
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 고정민 위치제어가 가능한 선형초음과 모터를 설계 및 제작하였다. 제안된 선형 초음파 모터의 발파장 진동자에 진계(Usinwt, Ucoswt)를 인가했을때 진동법의 불출부에서 발생하는 타원궤직은 이동자를 구동시킨다. 제작된 선형 초음파 모터의 면위궤적은 시뮬레이션 결과와 일치했으며, 압차력이 50 N일 때 이동자에서 발생하는 최대 힘은 9 N, 최대속도는 0.9 ㎧이고 20 N일 때 최대 힘은 2.4 N, 최대 속도는 0.38 ㎧의 특성을 나타냈다.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2012

This paper proposes a novel optimization algorithm inspired by water flowing and shaking behaviors in a vessel. Water drops in our algorithm flow to the gradient descent direction and are sometimes shaken for getting out of local optimum areas when most water drops fall in local optimum areas. These flowing and shaking operations allow our algorithm to quickly approach to the global optimum without staying in local optimum areas. We experimented our algorithm with four function optimization problems and compared its results with those of particle swarm optimization. Experimental results showed that our algorithm is superior to the particle swarm optimization algorithm in terms of the speed and success ratio of finding the global optimum.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.525-527
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• 1998

본 실험은 무궁화 '홍화랑' 품종의 기내 대량 생산을 위한 액체 현탁배양에서의 배양조건과 방법을 구체적으로 규명하고자 수행되었다. Mesh 종류별로 비교해 보았을 때 가장 굵은 10 mesh를 사용한 것이 callus형성에 효과적이었으며, 회전속도에 따른 callus의 형성은 80 rpm에서 가장 효과적이었다. TDZ 0.01 mg/L 첨가된 MS 고체배지에서 유기된 callus를 TDZ 0.001 mg/L가 첨가된 액체배지에 현탁배양했을 경우 callus 형성과 신초원기 형성이 가장 왕성하였다. 형성된 신초원기를 MS와 1/2 MS 배지에 생장조절제가 첨가되지 않은 조건에서 현탁배양시 신초 재분화율이 가장 높았다. 따라서, 이러한 액체 현탁배양 조건과 방법의 구체적인 규명은 무궁화 급속 대량 번식체계 확립을 위한 가능성을 보여 주었다.