• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.420-425
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• 2006

This study was conducted to produce vinegar using maesil. Acetic acid bacteria was 20 strains isolated from several conventional vinegars. Among the isolates, a strain showed highest acetic acid productivity was selected and identified as Acetobacter sp. SK-7. The optimum medium of acetic acid production by Acetobacter sp. SK-7 was 30% of maesil juice, 4% of ethanol, and 2% of starting acidity and 0.2% of glucose. Optomum condition for the high yield of acetic acid was in the shaking culture at 30$^{\cire}$. The acidity of culture medium was reached to 7.1% after 12 days fermentation. Organic acid was identify 6 kinds containing acetic acid. The total content was 7,068.7 mg% after 12 days and malic acid slowly decreased and acetaic and citirc acid gradationally increased according to fermentation

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.398-406
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• 2013

For the maximal production of aphicidal metabolites produced by the Beauveria bassiana Bb08, statistical methods such as the Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology were used. The fungal culture filtrate was sprayed towards 3-star aphids and the mortality was examined. After the statistical analysis of the aphid mortality, the optimal culture conditions were found to be a culture temperature of $26.2^{\circ}C$, medium pH 5.9, flask shaking speed of 209.0 rpm, and culture time of 5.9 days. The expected mortality on days 4, 5, and 6 after spraying the filtrate on to the aphids were 76.8%, 84.9%, and 89.4%, respectively. All 4 factors of the culture conditions significantly affected the production of the aphicidal metabolites, and the order of significance was temperature, pH, culture time and shaking speed.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.228-234
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• 2002

Acetobacter xylinum KJ1 efficiently producing bacterial cellulose(BC) In shaking culture was isolated from a rotten grape. The strain was used to investigate optimum operating conditions for increasing BC production and factorial design model was employed for the optimization. The results of experiments were statistically analyzed by SAS program. Reciprocal effects of each factors(carbon source concentration, shaking speeds(rpm), oxygen pressure, and CSL concentration) and culture condition of BC production were examined by getting regression equation of the dependent variable. Comparisons between experimental results and predicted results about BC concentration were done in total 24 experiments by combination of each factors using SAS program, and the correlation coefficients of BC concentration and BC yield were 0.91 and 0.81, respectively. The agitated cultures were peformed in various operation conditions of factors which affected considerably to BC production in jar fermentor. The results showed that BC concentration was 11.67 g/L in 80 hours cultivation under the condition of carbon source concentration : shaking speeds(rpm) : oxygen pressure : CSL concentration : 4% : 460 rpm : 0.28 : 6%. On the other hand BC yield was 0.42 g/g in 80 hours cultivation under the condition of carbon source concentration : shaking speeds(rpm) : oxygen pressure : CSL concentration : 4% : 564 rpm : 0.21 : 2%. The BC production could be enhanced up to more than 2.4 times by factorial design. The result of a verifying experiment under the optimal conditions determined by the factorial design to the BC production showed that the model was appropriate by obtaining BC concentration of 11.47 g/L in the optimum condition.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.1 s.90
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• pp.34-39
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• 2005

In order to product the furofuranoid lignans, (+)-eudesmin which is one of the secondary products from Magnolia sieboldii. through cell suspension cultures; various culture media, initial sucrose concentration, elicitations, shaking speeds, and inoculum sizes. Among the culture media tested, MS medium had a pronounced effect on suspension cell growth and (+)-eudesmin contents. The maximum dry cell weight (DCW) of 3.71 g per flask was obtained at inoculum size of 0.5 g and in MS medium supplemented with $3\%$ sucrose plus 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D after 8 weeks. (+)-Eudesmin biosynthesis was stimulated with high initial sucrose concentration ,and the maximum (+)-eudesmin production of $3.2{\mu}g/g$ DCW was achieved at 200mg/L chitosan and $5\%$ initial medium sucrose. The optimal shaking speeds for dry biomass accumulation and (+)-eudesmin contents was 130 rpm. This work is considered to be helpful for large-scale bioprocessing of Magnolia sieboldii suspension cell cultures in bioreactor.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2004

The main objectives of the study were to investigate cultural characteristics of Phellinus linteus. The optimum culture media for mycelial growth of P. linteus were MYA (malt yeast agar) and SMS (soybean powder malt Sucrose). Similarly, optimum temperature and pH were $30^{\circ}C$ and 6.0, respectively. Malt extract (2%, v/v) and yeast extract (0.2%, v/v) were optimum carbon and nitrogen sources. Similarly, 0.1% $KH_2PO_4$ was optimum mineral salt. Highest mycelial growth was observed when C/N ratio was 10 : 1. Optimum inoculum amount for flask culture was $5{\sim}6$ mycelial discs (6 mm diameter) per 100 ml of liquid medium, Highest mycelial dry weight was obtained when cultured in 100 ml liquid medium in 300 ml shaking flask after 20 days of shaking culture, For mass liquid culture (8 l), flask culture was homogenized and used as an inoculum. Optimum culture period and aeration rate for 8l fermentation culture were 12 days and 2.0 vvm, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2004

The textile industry wastewater has been decolorized efficiently by the white rot fungus, Irpex lacteus, without adding any chemicals. The degree of the decolorization of the dye effluent by shaking or stationary cultures is 59 and 93%, respectively, on the 8th day. The higher level of manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) and non-specific peroxidase (NsP) was detected in stationary cultures than in the cultures shaken. Laccase activities were equivalent in both cultures and its level was not affected significantly by the culture duration. Neither lignin peroxidase (LiP) nor Remazol Brilliant Blue R oxidase (RBBR ox) was detected in both cultures. The absorbance of the dye effluent was significantly decreased by the stationary culture filtrate of 7 days in the absence of Mn (II) and veratryl alcohol. In the stationary culture filtrate, three or more additional peroxidase bands were detected by the zymogram analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.673-677
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• 1998

A inhibitor acting on substrate proteolytic enzyme was isolated from culture broth of Streptomyces sp. SK-862, which had been isolated from soil in Wonju City, by using the colloidal agar medium. The optimum culture temperature and initial pH for the production of the protease inhibitor was 28$^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.5, respectively. The optimum culture medium was composed of 1.5% glucose, 0.5% peptone, 0.1% K2PHO4, 0.05% CaCO3 and initial pH 8.5. The inhibitor production was maximum when the strain was incubated in shaking incubator at 70 strokes for 60 hours.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2001.05b
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• pp.121-125
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• 2001

For the probiotic feed production, aerobic liquid fermentation of pulverized food wastes was attempted with a yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. After grinding finely, optimal fermentation conditions of the substrate was investigated by shaking culture. The most active growth of the yeast was shown at solid content of 10%. The proper addition of urea(0.5g/l), o-phosphate(0.4g/l), molasses(4g/l), and yeast extract (1g/1) increased cell growth rate and viable cell count. For optimizing, the nutrients were all added to substrate and fermentation was carried in 2 litre jar fermenter. For the stimulation of hydrolyzing enzyme excretion, mixed culture with Aspersillus oryzae was also conducted. In 12 hours of fermentation, viable cell count of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus amounted to the number of 1.4 $\times$10$^{10}$ /1 in the culture medium.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.78-85
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• 1998

Strains degrading and decolorizing reactive dyes, Procion blue HEGN and Procion red HE7B were isolated from water system, are named as RBK1 and RRK, the growth characteristics of which were investigated. Decolorization efficiencies after 42 hrs in batch culture were 95% and 77%, respectively. and the optimal culture condition of temperature and pH were $30^{\circ}C$, 7.0. Decolorization efficiencies in condition of aerobic shaking culture by strains RBK1 and RRK conspicuously increased, and culture by strain RBK1 was found as 95% after 42 hrs, while standing culture was 64%, Optimum nitrogen source was peptone, and It was found that decolorization efficiencies by strains RBK1 and RRK increased up to 4,000mg/l of peptone concentration as nitrogen source, but peptone concentration did' nt influence the decolorization efficiency in above 4,000mg/l. When the concentration of dyes were more than 800 mg/l and 400 mg/l respectively, the strains RBK1 and RRK, which degrade Procion bule HEGN and Procion red HE7B, showed a sharply decreased decolorization efficiencies; then the specific growth rate were $0.25hr^{-1}$ and $0.09hr^{-1}$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1983

Nutritional characteristics and conditions for mycelial yield of Pleurotus ostreatus and Auricularia auricula-judae in shaking culture were investigated. Among the sugar substances, glucose and mannitol showed the good effect for mycelial yield of P. ostreatus, and mannitol and fructose were good for the mycelial yield of A. auricula-judae. Among the various organic acids, fumaric acid were good for the mycelial yield of P. ostreatus and A. auricula-judae. Among the nitrogen sources, peptone and urea showed the good result for mycelial yield of P. ostreatus, and peptone and casamino acid were good for mycelial yield of A. auricula-judae. Among the various amino acids, asparagin and threonine showed the good result for mycelial yield of P. ostreatus, and serine and threonine were good for mycelial yield of A. auricula-judae. Among the various vitamins, folic acid and thiamine were suitable for mycelial yield of P. ostreatus, and folic acid, inositol and riboflavin were suitable for mycelial yield of A. auricula-judae. Mycelial yield of P. ostreatus and A. auricula-judae were enhanced by the addition of $MgSO_4\;and\;KH_2PO_4$ at the concentration of 0.08 and 0.2% respectively. The optimum temperature and pH for mycelial yield were from $25\;to\;30^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5 to 6.5 in P. ostreatus, and from $25\;to\;30^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0 to 7.0 in A. auricula-judae.