• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.147-150
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• 1983

To investigate a possibility of producing the antitumor component by shake culture method, the mycelia of Flammulina velutipes were cultured in flasks on a shaker at $26{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ at 180 rpm for seven days. The extract of the mycelia was concentrated under vacuum. The precipitate obtained by adding a three-fold volume of ethanol was centrifugated and freeze-dried after dialysis. The fraction was tested against sarcoma 180 in the mice. The inhibition ratio of the fraction against the tumor was 68.0% at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day for the period of ten days and the tumors in three of the mice were completely regressed. The results showed, therefore, that the antitumor component was produced by the shake culture method.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.158-165
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• 1994

A protein-polysaccaride fraction Kp(53.9% polysaccharide, 14.2% protein) was separated from the shake-cultured mycelia of a basidiomycetous fungus, Phellinus linteus, and its antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 in ICR mice was investigated. When administered after the tumor implantation, Kp exerted antitumor activity by inhibiting the growth of the sarcoma 180 solid tumor by 71.5% and increasing the life span of the sarcoma 180 ascitic mice by 51.5% at 100 mg/kg. In pretreatment tests, in which Kp was administered once daily for 9 days before the tumor implantation, Kp inhibited the growth of the solid and ascites form of sarcoma 180, respectively, by 35.4% and by 80.3% at 100 mg/kg. However, Kp showed no in vitro cytotoxic activity against a murine leukemia L1210 and a human gastric tumor SNU.1 upto the concentration of $200\;{\mu}g/ml$. From these results, it is clear that the antitumor activity of Kp is exerted through its immunomodulating activity on the host's immune system.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-73
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• 1984

To investigate antitumor component of Lyophyllum decastes, the aqueous extract of its shake-cultured mycelia was subjected to antitumor test against sarcoma 180 cells implanted in ICR mice. The extract showed an inhibition ratio of 65.4% and was found to consist of a polysaccharide moiety and a protein moiety. After purification with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography, Fraction D showed the highest inhibition ratio of 75.7%. The antitumor constituent was examined for immunoaccelerating activity and was found to increase macrophage accumulation in the peritoneal cavity and plaque forming cells of the spleen cells. It was named lyophyllan after the genus name.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 1986

To find antitumor components in the shake-cultured mycelia of Volvariella bombycina, the mycelia were extracted with hot water. After the extract was dialyzed and freeze-dried, a protein-polysaccharide fraction was obtained and examined for antitumor activity against the solid form of sarcoma 180 in ICR mice. It showed 60.3% inhibition ratio at a dose of 20mg/kg/day for 10 days. It was found to consist of a polysaccharide moiety and a protein moiety. After gel filtration on Sepharose 4B, Fraction B was obtained and showed the highest inhibition ratio of 71.1%. When the antitumor component was examined for immunopotentiating activity, it was found to increase the macrophage accumulation in the peritoneal cavity as well as the antibody production of the spleen cells of the mice.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-19
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• 1982

To develop potent anitumor polysac-charides from higher hungi of Korea the alcohol precipitated polysaccharides, which were obtained from hot water extracts of shake-cultured mycelia of eight species of basidiomycetes, were subjected to antitumor screening tests, using sarcoma 180 as a tumor cell. When administered i. p, at the dose level of 20mg/kg/day for ten days into the mice which were implanted with $1{times}10^{8}$ cells of sarcoma 180 twenty-four hour before the start of polysaccharide injection, the polysaccharides of Plutcus cervinus ISA-Pc-1004, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Hydnum repandum ISA-Hr-1006, and Laccaria laccata ISA-LI-1008 respectively showed inhibition ratios of 62.0%, 51.7%, 64.8%, and 57.8%. They were selected for further study, while those of Pancillus serotina ISA-Ps-1012, Laccaria amethystina ISA-La 1001, Pholiota adiposa ISA-Pa-1010, and Lepista spISA-Ls-1007 respectively showed inhibition ratios of -9.3%, 25.3%, 27.3% and 33.0%.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.141-142
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• 1983

To find anititumor metabolites in Korean basidiomycetes, the shake-cultured mycelia of eight of the higher fungi were extracted with hot water and the extracts, after being partially purified, were subjected to in vivo antitumor test. When administered i. p. at the dose of 30mg/kg/day for ten consecutive days into the female ICR mice, which had been implanted with $1{\times}10^{6}$ / cells of sarcoma 180 twenty four hours before the first injection, the extracts of Agaricus campestris, Lyophyllum decastes, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Armillaria Tabescence and Calvatia exipuliformis respectively showed inhibition ratios of 64.1%, 65.45, 60.-%, 53.0 and 49.3%. These five species were selected for further study, whereas the extracts of Phallus impudicus, Coprinus comatus and Pholiota squarrosa whih showed the inhibition ratios of 31.2%, 33.5% and 19.0% were discontinued.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.261-265
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• 2004

In the previous report, we described the marked antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of PVp, a protein-polysaccharide fraction of a Korean wild mushroom Psathyrella velutina. In this study, a protein-polysaccharide fraction, PVMP, was prepared from the shake-cultured mycelia of the same mushroom and its immunoactivities as well as chemical compositions were investigated. At 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, PVMP weakly stimulated the BALB/c mouse splenic lymphocytes to form lymphoblasts and upregulated the expression of CD25 molecules, but failed to stimulate peritoneal macrophages. In chemical analysis these two protein-polysaccharide fractions were found to be quite different in that the carbohydrate contents of PVMP and PVP, respectively, was 85.3% and 41.2%. These results reveals that PVMP, unlike PVP, is a moderate immunostimulator on the immune system.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 1983

To investigate antitumor constituents of Hydnum repandum, which belongs to edible basidiomycetes, the mycelia separated from the carpophore were shake-cultured and subjected to hot water extraction. The extract was concentrated under vacuum and mixed with a three-fold volume of 95% ethanol to yield precipitates. The water soluble fraction of the precipitates was dialyzed and then lyophilized to yield a water soluble protein-polysaccharide fraction (= WPPF). This exerted antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in ICR mice. When administered i.p. at the dose level of 20mg/kg once daily for ten consecutive days, it showed an inhibition ratio of 54.3%. WPPF was found to be composed of a polysaccharide moiety (42% of WPPF) and a protein moiety (28% of WPPF) when determined by colorimetric method using anthrone reagent and Folin's phenol reagent. The polysaccharide moiety of WPPF was found to contain glucose (57.4%), mannose(19.3%), galactose (10.8%), xylose (6.8%), and fucose (5.7%), when the methanolysate of WPPF was analysed by GLC method.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1985

Antitumor components were obtained from the cultured mycelia of Pleurotus pulmonarius by ethanol precipitation. The protein-bound polysaccharide was subjected to DEAE-­Sephadex column chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The antitumor fraction $C_1$ was isolated. The inhibition ratio of fraction $C_1$ was 81.8 % in the doses of 10 mg/kg/day for 10 days. The antitumor fraction $C_1$ consisted of a polysaccharide and a protein. The protein-moiety was composed of 14 amino acids. From the peritoneal cell populations in the mice given antitumor fraction $C_1$, the injection of the fraction caused the influx of peritoneal macrophages at two days when compared with those of soluble starch. This was named pulmonaran after its species name.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.131-139
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• 1985

To find antitumor constituents in the shake cultured mycelia of Agaricus campestris, the mycelia were extracted with hot water. Purification of the extract was carried out by ethanol precipitation and by ion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A-50. Each fraction obtained during the purification procedure was examined for antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 in ICR mice. The antitumor fraction C was isolated. It showed 56.1% inhibition ratio at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day and consisted of a polysaccharide moiety (45%) and a protein moiety (18%). The polysaccharide was analyzed by G.L.C. and found to contain mannose (42.0%), glucose (25.5%), xylose (16.6%), fucose and galactose. The protein moiety was composed of 17 amino acids. The antitumor fraction A showed immunopotentiating activity by accumulating peritoneal macrophages and by increasing plaque-forming cells in mice.