• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2008

This paper reported the establishment of mass production system of adventitious roots of Codonopsis lanceolata through shake flask and bioreactor culture. Induction of adventitious roots was started from the explants of leaf, stem and root on 1/2 strength Murashing and Skoog (MS) solid medium. Stem segments were the best explants for induction of adventitious roots compared to leaf and root segments. Among the different auxins tested (NAA, IBA and IAA), number of adventitious root per explant was highest on solid medium with 1.0 mg/L IBA, and produced $9.9{\pm}1.2$ roots per explant. However, growth of adventitious roots was fast in the presence of IBA at low concentration (0.1 mg/L). In shake flask culture, maximum production of adventitious roots (fresh weight) was obtained in half-strength MS medium compared to full-strength and one-third MS medium. When the adventitious roots produced in shake-flask culture were transferred to 5 L air-lift bioreactor, 16 times of fresh weight increase was gained after one month of culture. These results indicate that this protocol for the production of C. lanceolata adventitious roots can be applied to large scale culture for practical application.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2000

Chitosan oligosaccharide, chitosan polysaccharide and monolaurin were used to impart the antimicrobial properties onto paper for food products . Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) was used as test microorganism and shake flask test was carried out in order to examine the antimicrobial activity of each sample. Chitosan oligosaccaride showed the greatest antimicrobial effect among them and gave the promising result even at the concentration of 0.005%. Its antimicrobial power was enhanced when it is used with nomolaurin together. Chitosan oligosaccharide improved the tensile strength of antimicrobial paper.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.74-78
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• 1997

This study was performed to obtain the basic data of the effect of antimicrobic finishing on chrome-tanned leather for apparel. This study was to examine the effect of conditions of antimicrobic finishing on content of antimicrobic agents in the specimen by analysis and on the antimicrobic activity of specimens by means of shake flask test. The optimum conditions of antimicrobic finishing were found to be ; the concentration of Si-QAC-0.5%(o.w.f.), treating time-30minute, and drying method-air drying.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.935-941
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• 1998

New type of chitosan deriertives was synthesised by graft copolymerization of mono(2-methacryloyl oxyethyl) acid phosphate into chitosan. The reaction conditions showing the highest percentage of grafting were an initiator concentration of $3.5{\times}10^{-3}M$, monomer concentration of 0.19 M, and reaction temperature of $40^{\circ}C$, while rate of grafting showed same value after elapsing 4hours of reaction time. The antifungal activity of chitosan depending on content of free amine and kind of monomer was examined against Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton uiolaceum by shake flask method. The pH value of buffer solution to show the highest antifungal activity was 5.75, and the selectivity of mold strain was observed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 1989

Effect of various fermentation parameter was investigated on the production of prednisolone by microbial $\Delta$'-dehydrogenation of hydrocortisone. The microbial conversion process was conducted by using pseudo-crystallo-fermentation techniques. The optimum temperature for the bioconversion process was found to be 35$^{\circ}C$. It was noted that the production rate of prednisolone was little affected within the initial pH range of 6.5-7.8, and also by the use of surfactant, Tween 80. Production rate of prednisolone was significantly reduced by the use of the antifoam agent, neolin. In a fermentor operation, however, large amount of antifoam agent should be used to remove foams generated by the high aeration rate, which resulted in n lower production rate of prednisolone than that from the shake flask experiment.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2000

The study on the adsorption, the surface properties and the antibacterial effects of the Ni-treated PAN based activated carbon fibers was carried out. In the adsorption study on the Ni-treated PAN based ACFs, Type I isotherms for N1-N3 and Type II-Type III isotherms for N4-N6 were obtained, respectively. Futhermore, their adsorbed volumes slowly were decreased with the increase in the mole concentration of Ni on the treated PAN based ACFs. From the BET equation, the specific surface areas of the Ni-treated PAN based ACFs were in the range of $692.58-895.24m^2/g$. The micropore volumes obtained from ${\alpha}_s$-method using common-t value were $0.19-0.56cm^3/g$. The surfaces of PAN based ACFs partially blocked by metal after the treatment were observed from the SEM micrographs. Finally, from the antibacterial effects using Shake flask method against E. coli, the percentage of the effects was 92.5-100% and the antibacterial effect was increased with the increase in mole concentration of Ni treated.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2006

Kojic acid production by Aspergillus flavus strain S44-1 using sucrose as a carbon source was carried out in a 250-mL shake flask and a 2-L stirred tank fermenter. For comparison, production of kojic acid using glucose, fructose and its mixture was also carried out. Kojic acid production in shake flask fermentation was 25.8 g/L using glucose as the sole carbon source, 23.6 g/L with sucrose, and 6.4 g/L from fructose. Reduced kojic acid production (13.5 g/L) was observed when a combination of glucose and fructose was used as a carbon source. The highest production of kojic acid (40.2 g/L) was obtained from 150 g/L sucrose in a 2 L fermenter, while the lowest kojic acid production (10.3 g/L) was seen in fermentation using fructose as the sole carbon source. The experimental data from batch fermentation and resuspended cell system was analysed in order to form the basis for a kinetic model of the process. An unstructured model based on logistic and Luedeking-Piret equations was found suitable to describe the growth, substrate consumption, and efficiency of kojic acid production by A. flavus in batch fermentation using sucrose. From this model, it was found that kojic acid production by A. flavus was not a growth-associated process. Fermentation without pH control (from an initial culture pH of 3.0) showed higher kojic acid production than single-phase pH-controlled fermentation (pH 2.5, 2.75, and 3.0).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 1961

A titration of a small amount of iron with standard potassium ferrocyanide using potassium thiocyanate as indicator has been studied. A sample solution containing $0.1{\sim}1.0$ mg. $Fe^{3+}$ in 60 ml. is pipeted into 100 ml. Erlenmyer flask and the pH of the solution is adjusted to $1.5{\sim}3.0$ with 0.1 N or 1 N $HNO_3$ and $NH_4OH.$ To this solution one ml. of 1 M KCNS solution as indicator is added. The solution colored by iron thiocyanate complex is titrated with 1/200 M or 1/400 M standard solution of potassium ferrocyanide from a 5 ml. micro-buret. Near the end point, when the color of sample changes from deep red to green, about 20 ml. of ether is added and shake the flask vigorously. The red color is extracted to the ether layer. To settle the ether layer a few drops of ethanol is added and then standard solution is added dropwise and shake vigorously. The end point is reached when the color of the ether layer disappears owing to the quantitative formation of $Fe_4[Fe(CN)_6]_3.$ In this titration, 0.lmg. of $Fe^{3+}$ can be determined within 1.0% of titration error, provided the following optimum conditions, i.e., pH $1.5{\sim}3.0$, final concentration of KCNS indicator; $0.01{\sim}0.02M$, at room temperature. The titration found to be interfered by the presence of slightly soluble salts, stable complex forming ions and the ions which would be reduced by ferrocyanide or oxidized by ferric ion.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2017

As weathering processes, micro-cavities are formed on the surface of rocks, and in particular, the porous structure is increased in feldspar. Adsorption and antibacterial tests were carried out to clarify the environmental function of porous feldspar porphyry. Almost all the heavy metals were adsorbed in the feldspar filter and the adsorption rate could be controlled by changing the filter length. The shake flask method of fabric coated with 5% and 7% feldspar powder showed very high antibacterial activity of 98% and 99.9%, respectively. The cation exchange capacity at a particle size of $10{\mu}m$ was 114.63 meq/100g probably due to the porous structure. The potential value of porous feldspar porphyry as a resource is sufficient based on the results of the experiment.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.154-157
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• 2004

Immobilized cells of Aspergillus niger was employed to produce citric acid by fermentation of milk factory waste water. A. niger ATCC 9142 as a citric acid production strain was cultured for 3 days and was entrapped with Ca-alginate bead about 2.5∼3.5 mm. The optimal pH and temperature were estimated to be 3.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Dilution rate for fermentation was calculated to be $0.025 h^{－1}$ . Maximum amount of citric acid was obtained at 4.5 g/$\ell$ with the optimized fermentation condition. The yield of citric acid produced by immobilized A. niger ATCC 9143 was 70.3%. The yield was increased by 20% with immobilized cell, compared to that of the shake flask culture. Hence, the milk factory waste water is worthy to be used for the substrate of citric acid fermentation.