• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1055-1079
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• 2014

Substructure shake table testing is a class of real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS). It combines shake table tests of substructures with real-time computational simulation of the remaining part of the structure to assess dynamic response of the entire structure. Unlike in the conventional hybrid simulation, substructure shake table testing imposes acceleration compatibilities at substructure boundaries. However, acceleration tracking of shake tables is extremely challenging, and it is not possible to produce perfect acceleration tracking without time delay. If responses of the experimental substructure have high correlation with ground accelerations, response errors are inevitably induced by the erroneous input acceleration. Feeding the erroneous responses into the RTHS procedure will deteriorate the simulation results. This study presents a set of techniques to enable reliable substructure shake table testing. The developed techniques include compensation techniques for errors induced by imperfect input acceleration of shake tables, model-based actuator delay compensation with state observer, and force correction to eliminate process and measurement noises. These techniques are experimentally investigated through RTHS using a uni-axial shake table and three-story steel frame structure at the Johns Hopkins University. The simulation results showed that substructure shake table testing with the developed compensation techniques provides an accurate and reliable means to simulate the dynamic responses of the entire structure under earthquake excitations.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.314-325
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• 2010

Shake and gnarl in the timber market are considered as a defect of reducing the quality of timber. However, this study expects that shake and gnarl are the optimum design tools to improve aesthetics of furniture if their unique form is properly used as formative expression factors of wooden furniture. This study is conducted to suggest methods in order for consumers and designers to consider shake and gnarl as new formative factors and apply them to wooden furniture designs. The study conducts a preference survey of general people by manufacturing furniture that has or doesn't have shake and gnarl, and measures the level of aesthetics after providing furniture design majors with furniture image that reprocesses shake and gnarl in a new way. According to the findings, shake and gnarl have latent aesthetic values, which verifies that various methods can be used to improve aesthetics of wooden furniture by means of a case study. By applying hidden authentic value of the verified shake and gnarl to furniture design, various improvement methods of aesthetics will have to be actively studied.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2023

Servo-motor driven uniaxial shake tables have been widely used for education and research purposes in earthquake engineering. These shake tables are mostly displacement-controlled by a digital proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller; however, accurate reproduction of acceleration time histories is not guaranteed. In this study, a control strategy is proposed and verified for uniaxial shake tables driven by a servo-motor. This strategy incorporates a deep-learning algorithm named Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network into a displacement PID feedback controller. The LSTM controller is trained by using a large number of experimental data of a self-made servo-motor driven uniaxial shake table. After the training is completed, the LSTM controller is implemented for directly generating the command voltage for the servo motor to drive the shake table. Meanwhile, a displacement PID controller is tuned and implemented close to the LSTM controller to prevent the shake table from permanent drift. The control strategy is named the LSTM-PID control scheme. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LSTM-PID improves the acceleration tracking performance of the uniaxial shake table for both bare condition and loaded condition with a slender specimen.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2021

본 연구는 지진의 영향을 등치선의 형태로 표현할 수 있는 Shake을 활용하여 현행 지진재난 정보제공 서비스를 개선하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 미국 지질조사국이 제공하고 있는 ShakeMap 소프트웨어를 사용하여 자동화된 신속 ShakeMap 생성 시스템을 구현하였으며 이를 바탕으로 지진발생 후 사용자의 위치를 기준으로 지진의 위험도를 진도나 지반최대가속도의 형태로 파악할 수 있는 지진재난 정보서비스 개선모델을 제시하였다. 개선된 모델의 구현 가능성과 효과를 검증하기 위하여 경북 포항지역을 대상으로 지진재난 정보서비스앱을 개발하여 시범적으로 운영한 결과 신속 ShakeMap을 활용한 정보제공을 통해 보다 상세한 지진위험도 정보를 제공함으로써 사용자의 안전행동을 보다 효과적으로 유도할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2003

Water-insoluble chitosan with molecular weight of 2,000,000, 580,000, 80,000, and 40,000 and more than 90% of degree of deacetylation were prepared to test antibacterial activity of chitosan against a pathogenic bacteria, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). As experimental method, the Shake Flask Method (SFM) and Modified Shake Flask Method (MSFM) were applicated. The anti-microbial activity of chitosan/acetic acid aqueous solution is consistent irrespective of Mw of chitosan. MIC value of SFM measurement was 0.2 ppm, and MIC value of modified SFM measurement was 25 ppm. But MIC value of chitosan/acetic add solution and chitosan treated cotton filter paper was equally 5 ppm. The antibacterial activities of chitosan were different in different test measurements employed. The antibacterial activities of chitosan/acetic acid solution and chitosan treated cotton filter paper were also different. Therefore, it needs to be pointed out that the test measurements of anti-microbial activity have some problems.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 새로운 해쉬 알고리듬인 SHA-3과 출력 길이 확장함수인 SHAKE256을 구현하는 해쉬 프로세서를 설계하였다. 해쉬 프로세서는 성능을 극대화하기 위해 Padder 블록, 라운드 코어 블록, 출력 블록이 블록 단계에서 파이프라인 구조로 동작한다. Padder 블록은 가변길이의 입력을 여러 개의 블록으로 만들고, 라운드 코어 블록은 on-the-fly 라운드 상수 생성기를 사용하여 SHA-3와 SHAKE256에 대응하는 해쉬 및 출력 확장 결과를 생성하며, 출력 블록은 결과 값을 호스트로 전달하는 기능을 수행한다. 해쉬 프로세서는 Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA에서 최대 동작 속도는 220 MHz이며, SHA3-512의 경우 5.28 Gbps의 처리율을 갖는다. 프로세서는 SHA-3 와 SHAKE-256 알고리듬을 지원하므로 무결성, 키 생성, 난수 생성 등의 암호 분야에 응용이 가능하다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.595-603
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• 2018

Shake table testing has been regarded as one of the most effective experimental approaches to evaluate seismic response of structural systems subjected to earthquakes. However, reproducing a prescribed acceleration time history precisely over the frequency of interest is challenging because shake table test systems are eventually nonlinear by nature. In addition, interaction between the table and specimen could affect the control accuracy of shake table testing significantly. Various novel control algorithms have been proposed to improve the control accuracy of shake table testing; however, reference values for control performance assessment remain rare. In this study, reference values for control performance assessment of shake table testing are specified based on the statistical analyses of 1,209 experimental data provided by the Seismic Simulator Laboratory of National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in Taiwan. Three individual reference values are considered for the assessment including the root-mean-square error of the achieved acceleration time history; the percentage of the spectral acceleration that exceeds the determined tolerance range over the frequency of interest; and the error-ratio of the achieved peak ground acceleration. Quartiles of the real experimental data in terms of the three objective variables are obtained, providing users with solid and simple references to evaluate the control performance of shake table testing. Finally, a set of experimental data of a newly developed control framework implementation for uni-axial shake tables are used as an application example to demonstrate the significant improvement of control accuracy according to the reference values provided in this study.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2015

본 논문은 모바일 광학식 손떨림 보정(OIS) 움직임 검출부의 성능과 안정도를 높이기 위하여 퍼지기반 손떨림 상태 검출 및 오차 보상 알고리즘의 설계 및 구현을 기술한다. OIS 움직임 검출을 위한 자이로 센서 출력에는 소자의 고유 오차가 포함되어 있기 때문에 신속한 손떨림 보정과 안정적인 손떨림 상태 검출을 위해서 정확한 오차 보상이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 퍼지 알고리즘을 기반으로 낮은 연산량을 통해서 손떨림 주파수에 대한 각도 및 위상 오차를 신속하게 줄여서 보정 성능을 개선하였다. 또한 손떨림 각도 크기에 따라 {정지, 작은 손떨림, 큰 손떨림, 팬/틸트} 등의 손떨림 상태를 적절히 구분해서 시스템의 안정성을 향상시켰다. 모바일 OIS 움직임 검출부를 위해 제안된 알고리즘의 성능 및 안정도를 실제 손떨림과 같은 2~12Hz 주파수 범위의 ${\pm}0.5^{\circ}$, ${\pm}0.8^{\circ}$ 손떨림 진동에 대해서 정량적 및 정성적 실험으로써 평가하였다. 실험결과를 통해서 기존 BACF/DCF 알고리즘과 비교해서 평균 3.71dB의 개선된 성능을 검증하였고, 4가지 손떨림 상태를 안정적으로 검출하는 동작을 확인하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.988-993
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• 2009

In this paper, we deal with a tracking gain-up controller design problem to control effectively the shake of tracking actuator after a track seek. A minimum tracking gain-up open-loop gain can be calculated by estimating the shake of tracking actuator and a desired transient specification is considered to diminish effectively the shake of actuator. A tracking gain-up controller is designed by considering a robust $H_{\infty}$ control problem with a regional stability constraint. The proposed tracking gain-up controller design method is applied to the track-following system of a DVD recording device and is evaluated through the experimental results.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1236-1247
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a method for evaluating the uncomfortable shaking in the video. When you shoot a video using a handheld device, such as a smartphone, most of the video contains unwanted shake. Most of these fluctuations are caused by hand tremors that occurred during shooting, and many methods for correcting them automatically have been proposed. It is necessary to evaluate the shake correction performance in order to compare the proposed shake correction methods. However, since there is no standardized performance evaluation method, a correction performance evaluation method is proposed for each shake correction method. Therefore, it is difficult to make objective comparison of shake correction method. In this paper, we propose a method for objectively evaluating video shake. Automatically analyze the video to find out how much tremors are included in the video and how much the tremors are concentrated at a specific time. In order to measure the shaking index, we proposed jitter modeling. We applied the algorithm implemented by Optical Flow to the real video to automatically measure shaking frequency. Finally, we analyzed how the shaking indices appeared after applying three different image stabilization methods to nine sample videos.