• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.724-734
• /
• 2007

Statement of problem. Translucency and masking effect of provisional crown and fixed partial denture materials is an important esthetic consideration. But, provisional resin materials differ substantially in their ability to mask underlying colors. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the translucency differences of provisional resin materials at various thicknesses and the correlation between the translucency and the masking efficiency. Material and methods. Two polymethyl methacrylate resins (Jet Tooth Shade, Alike) and three resin composites (Protemp 3 Garant, Luxatemp and Revotek LC) were used. Specimens (n=6) were fabricated from each material in 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 mm thickness. The CIELAB parameters of each specimens were measured using a spectrophotometer. The translucency parameter (TP) values and the masking effect $({\Delta}ME^*{_{ab}})$ values were computed and all data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the multiple comparisons Scheffe test. The correlation between the thickness and the TP values and the correlation between the thickness and the ${\Delta}ME^*{_{ab}}$ values were also evaluated by correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results. The TP values and the ${\Delta}ME^*{_{ab}}$ values were significantly related to the thickness in all specimens. The TP values were more sensitive to the change of thickness than the ${\Delta}ME^*{_{ab}}$ values. The order of the translucency by brand was different from the order of the masking effect by brand in all thickness groups. Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, the translucency and masking effect of the provisional resin materials investigated were significantly related to their thickness. The masking effect of provisional resin was correlated with the translucency parameter, but the order of the masking effect by brand was different from the order of the translucency parameter.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2005

All-glass evacuated tube solar collectors consist of glass evacuated tubes and absorber tubes. Solar thermal energy from the sun is transferred to the working fluid through the glass evacuated tube and the absorber tube. Several collectors which have different absorber tubes are tested to find the effects of the absorber tube shapes and the operating conditions such as the incident heat flux and the flow rate. As the results, the efficiency of the collector which has a finned tube U tube is about $2{\sim}5%$ higher than that of the others in all cases on an average. And the collector has a finned U tube has the highest efficiency at the high flow rate and the low incident heat flux. In this condition, the outlet mean temperature is low and the heat loss becomes small. Also, it is known that the fin effect is greater than the shade effect.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 2007

The effect of chitosan treatment on the dyeing and dye fastness, and mechanical properties of hair was investigated in this study when the carotinoid dyestuffs extracted from African Marigold(Tagetes erecta L.) were applied to the hair. The sequences of the chitosan treatment were changed in dyeing and mordanting procedures, i.e., pre-treatment, mid-treatment, and post-treatment. While the effect of chitosan application on the color shade change was not significant, the pre-treatment of the chitosan increased the dye uptake. Discoloration and fading was observed in the lightfastness test when chitosan was mid-treated. Alkali perspiration and acid perspiration fastness test results showed that chitosan post-treatment gave lower tendency. Washing fastness results showed that chitosan post-treatment and mid-treatment gave lower values, which indicates that chitosan deters the direct formation of insoluble complex among fiber-dyestuff-mordant. In the mechanical characteristics results, however, initial modulus and breaking strength increased significantly in the post-treatment and pre-treatment of chitosan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.49-49
• /
• 2017

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr.) grows naturally under shading of tree canopy, therefore shading levels take a main role for an optimal growth of sugar palm seedlings. The study was conducted to examine the effect of shading levels on the seedlings growth of sugar palm for up to 11 months under four shading levels: S0 (100% of full sunlight or non-shading), S1 (32% shading level), S2 (56% shading level), and S3 (64% shading level). Sugar palm seedlings grown under the shade (32, 56, and 64%) showed better plant height, stem diameter, leaf size, petiole and rachis length, chlorophyll content, root fresh and dry weights, root volume, and total biomass than those grown without shading. Although there were no significant different responses among the shading treatments on plant height, biomass dry weight, leaf morphological characters, chlorophyll content, and SPAD value, the S2 treatment showed a significant effect on a better root characters. Therefore, it can be concluded that the S2 treatment, 56% shading level, is an optimal shading condition for sugar palm seedlings.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.252-258
• /
• 2009

Shade-dried flowers of Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight Syn (SBF) belonging to Asclepiadaceae yielded a rare flavonol glycoside viz., Quercetin 5a prenyl, 3-O-glucosyl, 7-O-(4c-p-coumaroyl) neohesperidoside which were characterized based on chemical and spectral (including 2D NMR) studies. The ethyl acetate fraction of alcoholic concentrate (test sample) of flowers of this plant (SBF) was evaluated for its hepatoprotective and inhibition of lipid peroxidation activities to investigate the scientific basis of the traditional uses. The oral administration in varying doses viz., 125 and 250 mg/kg of aqueous suspension of SBF to rats for 7 days produced significant (P < 0.01) hepatoprotective effect comparable to that of standard drug silymarin. The SBF afforded good hepatoprotection against $CCl_4$ induced elevation levels of serum marker enzymes, serum bilirubin and liver weight. The free radical scavenging effects of SBF and flavonol glycoside (SA) were assigned by $Fe^{2+}$/ascorbate induction method (in vitro), which revealed the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The SBF and SA showed prominent anti-lipid peroxidation activity ($IC_{50}$ about $\sim$180 mg/ml and 11.0 mg/ml respectively), which was comparable to standard drug curcumin ($IC_{50}$ about $\sim$8.25 mg/ml). Thus the hepatoprotective activity of SB could be correlated to the free radical scavenging property of the flavonol glycoside.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.35-39
• /
• 2001

It is important to accelerate rooting and establishment of seedlings after transplanting for higher dry matter production and tuber yield in sweet potato cultivation. Therefore, this study was conducted to obtain some information about the effects of vine-cutting holding on rooting and plant growth after transplanting. Vines were cut 20-25cm long and stored for 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 days in a shade room at 20$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$, RH 68$\pm$,/TEX>1%. Peroxidase activity in the vine cuttings increased as the holding period increased and the highest catalase activity was detected in the 5-day holding. Length of main vine, number of branches and nodes on main vine also increased in the 5-day holding. There was little difference in the diameter of main vine among the various holding periods. The data obtained indicate that transplanting of vine cuttings after 5-day holding could promote rooting and vine growth.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2018

Moon mineralogy mapper ($M^3$)'s work proved that the moon is not completely dry but has some hydroxyl/water. $M^{3{\prime}}s$ data confirmed that the amount of hydroxyl on the lunar surface is inversely related to the measured signal brightness, suggesting the lunar surface is sensitive to temperature by solar insolation. We tested the effect of solar insolation on the local distribution of hydroxyl by using $M^3$ data, and we found that most craters had more hydroxyl in shade areas than in sunlit areas. This means that the local distribution of hydroxyl is absolutely influenced by the amount of sunshine. We investigated the factors affecting differences in hydroxyl; we found that the higher the latitude, the larger the difference during daytime. We also measured the pyroxene content and found that pyroxene affects the amount of hydroxyl, but it does not affect the difference in hydroxyl between sunlit and shaded areas. Therefore, we confirmed that solar insolation plays a significant role in the local distribution of hydroxyl, regardless of surface composition.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.100-106
• /
• 2012

Herbal medicines have been used since the dawn of civilization to maintain health and to treat diseases. Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading cause of death in many developed countries. The incidence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate in India. It was estimated that India which had 19.4 million diabetes in 1995 is expected to register a near threefold increase by. Many plants reported to be useful for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in ayurvedic medicine, are being tested for their hypoglycemic activity in experimental animals Lagerstroemia flos- reginae is one such plant commonly found as shade trees in Kerala. In Ayurveda both root and leaves are used in the treatment of diabetes. The main objective of this study was to assess the antidiabetic effect of the alcohol extracted leaves of Lagerstroemia flos- reginae in alloxan induced diabetic rats in terms of controlling blood glucose level, lipid profile, bilirubin, uric acid in serum and lipid peroxides and glutathione in the liver of the experimental animals. The present study has been undertaken to observe the protective effect of the active constituents of Lagerstroemia flos- reginae leaf extracts against alloxan induced diabetes in experimental animal model. The activity of the active constituents was compared with Daonil -a standard drug.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.372-376
• /
• 2008

Nowadays, active teachers expend much time and effort in preparing for classes. Especially, the basic formative calsses in art education have much effect when they are done with a lot of material(plaster casts, etc.) and lighting effect, but not in real. Proposed web-based learning instrument makes possible basic formative classes with simple operation by loading several materials and lighting operator on the web. In this paper, we propose web-based learning instrument to improve basic formative classes. Students will easily be able to express shadow and shade by lights with this web-based learning instrument in basic formative classes.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.243-249
• /
• 2022

Background: Mixed breeding herb Viola collina Besser, which produces both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flower, has limited habitats under closed canopy and short and early flowering timing, making it relatively more vulnerable to climate change. To better understand the effect of light and nutrient on the flower formation and vegetative growth of V. collina, a mesocosm experiment was conducted. Two-by-two factorial treatments of two light conditions (100% and 60% of natural light) and two fertilizer treatment conditions (fertilized and not fertilized) were applied in the mesocosm experiment. Results: The number of flowers, including chamogamous and cleistogamous flowers, was highest (5.65/pot) under 60% light and fertilized condition and lowest (1.41/pot) under 100% light and not-fertilized condition. However, above ground vegetative growth was highest (2.89 g/pot) under 100% light and fertilized condition and lowest (2.38 g/pot) under 60% light and not-fertilized condition. Above ground biomass to belowground biomass ratio was highest (1.50) under 60% light and fertilized condition and lowest (1.26) under 100% light and fertilized condition. Conclusions: This study showed that high light and nutrient are responsible for the vegetative growth, though the effect of fertilizer was reduced due to allocation and retainment of nutrients. In addition, the low light is necessary to make flowers, especially chasmogamous flowers.