• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.339-353
• /
• 1999

This research was to identify the relationships between sex role attitude and the preference of fashion advertising formatted by sex role expression, and to examine the relationships among sex role attitude and sociographic variables. This research has been done for 618 university students and working group who are living in Cheongju and Seoul. For data analysis, descriptive analysis, ANOVA, and t-test were used. The results are the following: 1. In the view of the preference of fashion advertising, the stereotypical fashion advertising has more point than the androgynous fashion advertising. 2. The advertising formation preference showed a little difference significantly by sex role attitude. The group with conservative sex role preferred the stereotypical fashion advertising. The group with open-minded sex role preferred the androgynous fashion advertising. 3. Women preferred the androgynous advertising. As the aged, they preferred the stereotypical fashion advertising and have the conservative sex role. University students have more intention to buy with an androgynous fashion commercial than working group have and they have the open-minded about sex. The group subscribed the fashion magazine has more preference for androgynous fashion advertising, as they have more open-minded sex role than other group not subscribed the fashion magazine. This results imply that the androgynous formatted advertizing is still hard to get the influence of a general market promotion because most consumers have a low androgynous fashion advertizing preference. The preference of the fashion advertizing which expressed a sex role showed significant differences as social demographics, and a sex-role attitude. Therefore, the market segment and advertising strategies which are based on sex role and consumer characteristics would be very effective.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권8호
• /
• pp.4003-4007
• /
• 2016

Long interspersed elements-1s (LINE-1s) are dispersed all over the human genome. There is evidence that hypomethylation of LINE-1s and levels of sex steroids regulate gene expression leading to cancer development. Here, we compared mRNA levels of genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 in breast cancer cells treated with various sex steroids from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), with the gene expression database using chi-square analysis (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo). We evaluated whether sex steroids influence expression of genes containing an intragenic LINE-1. Three sex steroids at various concentrations, 1 and 10 nM estradiol (E2), 10 nM progesterone (PG) and 10 nM androgen (AN), were assessed. In breast cancer cells treated with 1 or 10 nM E2, a significant percentage of genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 were down-regulated. A highly significant percentage of E2-regulated genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 was down-regulated in cells treated with 1 nM E2 for 3 hours (p<3.70E-25; OR=1.91; 95% CI=2.16-1.69). Similarly, high percentages of PG or AN-regulated genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 wwere also down-regulated in cells treated with 10 nM PG or 10 nM AN for 16 hr (p=9.53E-06; OR=1.65; 95% CI=2.06-1.32 and p=3.81E-14; OR=2.01; 95% CI=2.42-1.67). Interestingly, a significant percentage of AN-regulated genes containing an intragenic LINE-1 was up-regulated in cells treated with 10 nM AN for 16 hr (p=4.03E-02; OR=1.40; 95% CI=1.95-1.01). These findings suggest that intragenic LINE-1s may play roles in sex steroid mediated gene expression in breast cancer cells, which could have significant implications for the development and progression of sex steroid-dependent cancers.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.298-310
• /
• 1996

This research is designed to study the sales promotion strategy and advertising program which can provide the effective materials to the clothing industry. The purposes of this study are as follows. First, After college students are classified according to clothing involvement level, the relations between clothing involvement groups sand demographic variables, such as, sex, residence, pocket money, and clothing cost are understood. Second, attitude toward the expression of awertising according to clothing involvement is analyzed. Third, attitudes toward the expression of advertising were analyzed according to demo- graphic variables. Subjects were 474 students of universtiy in Seoul. This study was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey and random sampling method was used. In order to test the attitude toward advertising, the questionnaire was made through pre test and validity test. Study results were as follows. First, Subjects were divided into groups ccording to the clothing involvement level, and it was proved that sex, residence, pocket money, and clothing cost were related. Second, there was significance in attitude toward the expression of advertising according to clothing involvement level. Third, sex, residence, pocket money, clothing cost, reasonable level of cost were relatively connectd with attitude according to the expression of the jeans advertising.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.100-111
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate fashion advertisements portraying ambiguous sex phenomena, including homosexuality codes and to analyze the meaning of these advertisements in order to develop effective fashion advertisements strategies. The method of this study was to observe the readings about ambiguous sex theory, including homosexuality, and analyze fashion advertisements that express this through the Internet and fashion journals. The ambiguous sex expression seen in fashion advertisements meet various consumers' needs which is what the latest advertisement market requires, and offer competitive brand image by fresh appeal. In the background, there are various complex factors like the change of contemporary spirit, and designers' tastes and values about homosexuality. The kinds of ambiguous sex expression techniques portrayed in fashion advertisements can be divided as the ambiguity of physical codes and the ambiguity of sex role identity. These advertisements do play a role as a public campaign for a change in society from the sociocultural point of view. And, from the economical viewpoint, they approach the consumer as a fresh marketing strategy. From the esthetic viewpoint, they express new esthetic sense named “edge” And seen from the designers' viewpoints, they express designers' private sexual identities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.696-703
• /
• 2020

Objective: Cattle were some of the first animals domesticated by humans for the production of milk, meat, etc. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is defined as longer than 200 bp in nonprotein coding transcripts. lncRNA is known to function in regulating gene expression and is currently being studied in a variety of livestock including cattle. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of lncRNA according to sex in Hanwoo cattle. Methods: This study was conducted using the skeletal muscles of 9 Hanwoo cattle include bulls, steers and cows. RNA was extracted from skeletal muscle of Hanwoo. Sequencing was conducted using Illumina HiSeq2000 and mapped to the Bovine Taurus genome. The expression levels of lncRNAs were measured by DEGseq and quantitative trait loci (QTL) data base was used to identify QTLs associated with lncRNA. The python script was used to match the nearby genes Results: In this study, the expression patterns of transcripts of bulls, steers and cows were identified. And we identified significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs in bulls, steers and cows. In addition, characteristics of lncRNA which express differentially in muscles according to the sex of Hanwoo were identified. As a result, we found differentially expressed lncRNAs according to sex were related to shear force and body weight. Conclusion: This study was classified and characterized lncRNA which differentially expressed by sex in Hanwoo cattle. We believe that the characterization of lncRNA by sex of Hanwoo will be helpful for future studies of the physiological mechanisms of Hanwoo cattle.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.828-833
• /
• 2006

옥수수 (Zea mays L.) 꽃은 암술 세포사멸과 수술 세포 성장정지 등을 통하여 양성상태에서 단성 상태로 성결정 과정을 완성한다. 본 논문에서는 옥수수 성 결정 동안 세포주기 유전자들의 시간적, 공간적 발현조절을 조사하였다. 세포주기의 양성조절 인자 즉 cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin dependent kinase A (CDK A), Mad2 유전자들은 성장하는 암술과 수술에서 높게 발현되는 반면 죽어가는 암술과 성장이 정지되는 수술에서는 이들의 발현이 사라졌다. 이와 반대로, Wee1과 CDK inhibitor (CKI) 같은 세포주기 음성 조절유전자들은 야생형 암꽃과 tasselseed2 돌연변이 수꽃의 성장이 정지하고 있는 수술에서 발현이 증가되었지만, 흥미롭게도, 이들 유전자들은 죽어가는 암술세포에서는 발현되지 않았다. 이들 결과들을 통하여 옥수수 성 결정 과정 중에서 암술 세포사멸과 수술세포 성장정지는 세포주기조절과 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 특히 성장이 정지하는 수술과 죽어가는 암술에서의 음성 세포주기 조절 유전자들의 다른 발현양상은 이 둘의 성 결정 메커니즘이 구별 될 것이라고 사료된다.

• 복식
• /
• 제57권2호
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 2007

This study's purpose is how express gender image according to sex in editorial fashion photography. This study's objectives are the women's magazine Vogue, Harper's Bazaar and man's magazine GQ, Esquire published 2000-2005 within the country. The photography was classified with established a standard based on the precede studies. The photo is classified Gender image according to dress and its ornaments, model character and atmosphere by Sex Expression of femininity woman has exposure of body parts and emphasizing thin eyebrows and red lips, soft and mild image, modest and static pose. Man expressed femininity used ladylike color and pattern, erotic exposure of body and long hair style. Commonly emphasizing red lips, natural background of flower plant, S-line. For expression of masculinity man and woman are used masculinity item, short hair-style and thick eyebrows. And also emphasize square like chin and shoulder. Specially, woman used direct silhouette to conceal soft body curved line. The expressions of androgynous woman and man are colorful dress and make-up. Woman emphasized male face to show and man expressed soft image through hull of abundant material of fur. All two sex selected method that conceal body curved line and face to express sexless. Hiding characteristics of body and face make indistinct of sex. The gender is affected by atmosphere such as model and illumination background as much as clothes because of the editorial fashion photography.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.327-338
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this thesis is to study the aspects of sex identity in the contemporary mens fashion expressed through sexual image and taste in the half of twentieth century. The aspects of sex identity expression in the contemporary mens fashion can be classified by image, that is, homosexual, heroic, bisexual, and fetish. 1. The homosexual image has shown the tendency to emphasize the masculinity since 1950.60s. It can be found in \"Cowboys costume\" which is typical of American traditional fashion, and jeans and underwear fashion expressed by muscular men has homosexual characteristics which contain narcissism. 2. Based on mens traditional gender role, the heroic image emphasizes mens physical characteristics and expresses tough and offensive masculine beauty in mens suit which is free from the authority and formality. 3. The bisexual image denied the division of gender role by costume and destroyed the traditional sex model by resolutely applying womens costume such as skirts to mens fashion. 4. The fetish image is similar to bisexual image in that they wear womens costume, but different in that it expresses sexual desire or fantasy. It is expressed through brilliant color, leather and metal ornaments, and sensual element of women which emphasizes \"body\". This shows the sex identity of contemporary men who want more sensible and free life.sible and free life.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.109-118
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 언더웨어 브랜드 광고를 직접적 섹스어필 광고와 은유적 섹스어필 광고로 구분하여 비교 분석을 시도하였다. 섹스어필 광고 표현의 차이에 따른, 광고태도, 브랜드 태도, 구매의도를 성별, 디자인 전공 여부를 중심으로 통계 분석하여 효과적인 광고 표현의 가능성을 모색하였다. 연구결과 언더웨어 브랜드의 특성상 직접적 섹스어필 광고가 여성에게 효과가 높다는 결론을 도출하였다. 또한 은유적 섹스어필 광고에 대해 남성이 광고 태도 및 브랜드 태도, 구매의도에 높은 호감도를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 디자인 전공 여부에 따라서는 직접적 섹스어필 광고와 은유적 섹스어필 광고 선호도는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 언더웨어 광고에서 직접적 섹스어필 광고의 경우 섹스어필이 상품의 이미지와 조화될 때 여성에게 효과를 극대화 시킬 수 있다는 점을 확인할 수 있었으며, 남성은 언더웨어 브랜드광고에서 은유적 섹스어필 표현에 관심을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.515-524
• /
• 2020

Objective: Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit variable differentiation potential and can be divided accordingly into distinct subpopulations whose ratios vary with donor age. However, it is unknown whether the same is true in pigs. This study investigated MSC subpopulations in miniature pig and compared their characteristics in young (2 to 3 months) and adult (27 to 35 months) pigs. Methods: Osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic capacity of isolated MSCs was evaluated by von Kossa, Alcian blue, and oil red O staining, respectively. Cell surface antigen expression was determined by flow cytometry. Proliferative capacity was assessed with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Expression of marker genes was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Porcine MSCs comprised cells with trilineage and bilineage differentiation potential (tMSCs and bMSCs, respectively) and non-differentiating stromal cells (NDSCs). The tMSC and bMSC fractions were smaller in adult than in young pigs (63.0% vs 71.2% and 11.6% vs 24.0%, respectively, p<0.05); NDSCs showed the opposite trend (25.4% vs 4.8%; p<0.05). Subpopulations showed no differences in morphology, cell surface antigen expression, or proliferative capacity, but octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) expression was higher in tMSCs than in bMSCs and NDSCs (p<0.05), whereas sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) expression was higher in tMSCs and bMSCs than in NDSCs (p<0.05). Aging had no effect on these trends. Conclusion: Porcine MSCs comprise distinct subpopulations that differ in their differentiation potential and OCT4 and SOX2 expression. Aging does not affect the characteristics of each subpopulation but alters their ratios.