• 지질공학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 난지도 매립지내 하수슬러지만으로 이루어진 8호 매립장에 대하여 환경 및 지반공학적 특성을 조사한다. 이를 위하여 대상현장에 대하여 시료를 채취하고, 용출시험, 중금속 총량시험 등을 실시하여 환경적인 특성을 조사하였다. 중금속 총량시험결과 Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr 등의 성분이 검출되었으며, Cu의 경우 캘리포니아주 규제기준을 초과하므로 하수슬러지 재활용시 함량을 낮추어야 할 것이다 한편, 하수슬러지의 비중, 입도분석, 액소성한계, 다짐, 투수, 전단시험을 실시하여 지반공학적 특성을 조사하였다. 하수슬러지는 모래, 실트 및 점토로 구성되어 있으며, 소성지수는 42.3%로서 압축성이 큰 무기질 실트 혹은 유기질 점토인 것으로 분류된다. 다짐시험결과 건조단위중량이 낮고 다짐곡선이 비교적 평탄한 형태를 보이고 있으므로 함수비 변화에 따른 다짐효과가 비교적 적을 것으로 예상된다. 그리고 직접전단시험결과 점착력은 $0.058kg/cm^2$이고, 내부마찰각은 $14^{\circ}$ 것으로 나타났다. 대상현장의 하수슬러지는 다짐이 잘 되지 않으며, 전단강도도 비교적 낮으므로 매립지의 복토층 등으로 재활용할 경우 여러 가지 문제가 발생될 것으로 예상된다. 그리고 하수슬러지에 포함되어 있는 중금속의 용출에 따른 지하수 오염문제도 예상된다. 따라서 대상현장의 하수슬러지를 재활용하기 위해서는 이에 대한 보완 및 처리방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1315-1322
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• 2010

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) was designed using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)-type hollow fiber membrane modules with a treatment capacity of 10 ton/day. A pilot plant was installed in a sewage treatment plant and was operated with an intermittent aeration method which avoids any concentration gradient of suspended solids (SS) in the MBR. For continuous operation, the pilot plant was first tested with influent (mixed liquor suspended solid:MLSS of 1000-2000 mg/L) of aeration tanks in the sewage treatment plant. The MBR was pre-treated with washing water, 10% ethanol solution, 5% NaOCl solution and finally washing water, one after another. To demonstrate the effect of the MBR on sewage treatment, compared with conventional activated sludge processes, we investigated the relationships among permeate amount (LMH), change in operation conditions, influent MLSS level and sludge production. It was found that the optimum aeration rate and suction pressure were $0.3\;m^3$/min and 30~31 cmHg, respectively. Under stable conditions in aeration, suction pressure, influent flow rate and drainage, the SS removal efficiency was more than 99.99% even when the MLSS loading rate changes. Compared with conventional activated sludge processes, the MBR was more effective in cost reduction by 27% based on permeate amount and by 51.5% on sludge production.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.825-831
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• 2012

The retrofitting of a thickening unit process is widely considered in municipal wastewater treatment plants in Korea to enhance the anaerobic digestion efficiency. The authors examined the effect of feed concentration (2-34.1 g VS/L) and feed to microorganism (F/M) ratio (0.50-1.35 g VS/g VS) on anaerobic batch digestion of sewage sludge. Methane yield over 90 mL $CH_4/g$ $VS_{feed}$ was found at a feed concentration in the range of 12-26 g VS/L and a F/M ratio below 0.6 g VS/g VS. A high F/M ratio decreased methane yield and rate with oragnic acid accumulation. As sudden increase of sewage sludge concentration prior to anaerobic digestion would jeopardize the digester performance due to the rasied F/M ratio, gradual increase of the sludge feed concentration or an additional biomass retention in the digester is recommended.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.192-200
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• 2016

A characteristics of microwave drying-gasification was analyzed for converting a dewatered sewage sludge generated a wastewater treatment plant. Gas (60%) was the largest component of the product of microwave gasification, followed by sludge char (33%) and tar (2%). The main components of the producer gas were hydrogen (33%) and carbon monoxide (40%), and there was some methane and hydrocarbons ($C_2H_4$, $C_2H_6$, $C_3H_8$). Larger nitrogen and smaller oxygen amounts were generated. Gravimetric tar generated $414g/m^3$. This means a total tar which is a heavy hydrocarbons from the volatile organic substance in the sewage sludge. Selected light tars were benzene, anthracene, naphthalene, pyrene, showing lower concentrations as 2.62, 0.37, 0.49, $0.28g/m^3$, respectively. Sludge char has larger meso pores which is a mean pore size of $50.85{\AA}$ and has high adsorptivity. An amount of adsorption was $228.71cm^3/g$, showing higher quantity than acommercial adsorbers. This indicates that the gas obtained from the microwave gasification of wet sewage sludge can be used as fuel, but the heavy tar in the gas must be treated. Sludge char can be used as a tar reduction adsorbent in the process, and then burns as a solid fuel.

• 공업화학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.228-231
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 혐기성 생물 반응조에서 35일 동안 배양된 하수슬러지와 판지슬러지를 혼합한 후, 초음파 파쇄기를 이용한 고농도 유기성 폐기물의 회분식 혐기 소화 공정에서 메탄 생산 특성이 고찰되었다. 초음파 파쇄기의 진폭이 높아질수록 Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (SCOD)가 증가함으로써 판지슬러지의 효과적 가용화가 이루어졌다. 또한, 메탄 생산성 향상을 위한 초음파 파쇄기의 최적 진폭이 $142.5\;{\mu}m$임을 구하였으며, 혐기소화 기간이 길러질수록 메탄 생산량은 증가하였다. 그리고, 바이오매스 변화(6000, 9000, 12000 mg/L)에 의한 혐기성 소화처리가 이루어졌을 때, 미생물 농도가 높아질수록 메탄 생산량이 모두 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 실험 결과들은 판지슬러지와 하수슬러지가 혼합된 고농도 유기성 폐기물의 혐기성 소화 공정에 의한 메탄 생산성을 향상시키는 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2012

한국에서 오염물 해양투기는 하수슬러지 처리방식으로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 하지만 2009년 이후 적용되어 온 음식폐기물과 하수슬러지의 해양투기 오염 방지에 관한 런던 협약에 따라 2013부터 엄격한 법적 제재가 예상된다. 따라서, 고농축 유기 슬러지 처리 를 위한 고효율 포기 시스템을 사용한 현장 실험실 테스트가 하수 및 산업폐수처리장에서 적용이 되었다. 연구 결과는 고효율 포기 시스템이 유기성 슬러지의 감량화에 매우 유용한 것으로 나타났으며, 구체적인 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째로 고효율 포기 시스템을 이용한 슬러지 소화시 유기물 제거율은 56.2 ~ 85.8 %이었다. 이러한 결과가 일반 하수 처리효율보다 낮지만, 고효율 포기 시스템의 처리대상 슬러지가 공장 폐수임을 고려할 때 매우 유용한 것으로 판단된다. 둘째로 슬러지 평균 제거 효율은 약 25.2 %이었다. 셋째로 고효율 포기 시스템에 의한 슬러지 처리비용에 효과적으로 기여할 수 있는 것으로 드러났다. 특히, 고효율 포기 시스템이 높은 고농도 슬러지를 함유하거나, 산업페기물이거나 고농도의 강열잔류 고형물(FS) 포함되어 있는 경우의 소규모 하수 및 폐수 처리장의 현장 처리에 더욱 효과적이다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.505-510
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• 2008

Excess sludge and raw sludge were treated by ball mill in order to promote solubilization, and it was known that the level of solubilization was higher in excess sludge rather than raw sludge. About solid concentration, with the increase of TS, the amounts of solubilization was increased. And excess sludge was solubilized more effectively with the increase of ball mill treatment time. Especially, in case of excess sludge, within 5 min of ball mill treatment, 6 times of solubilization was achieved compared with raw sludge. The effect of bead size was also tested and 1 mm bead was most desirable when applied to the TS 4% of excess sludge. Particle size decrease by the ball mill treatment was more effective in raw sludge, nevertheless the level of solubilization was always higher in excess sludge. This means that the results of particle analysis could not be understood as a indicator for sludge solubilization. Generally, excess sludge and raw sludge are mixed at the thicker in the STP, but considering a ball mill pretreatment as an alternative for sludge solubilization, it is desirable to treat not raw sludge but excess sludge alone in the aspect of solubilization yield and economical process.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

In this study, the water content and the low calorific value of the dried sludge are analyzed by using a vertical cylinder type indirect heating type dryer for evaluatation of energy source value. The vertical cylindrical thin film dryer was an Okadora Pilot Plant, and the dryer was indirect heating vertical thin film type. The internal standard consisted of 500 mm in diameter and 700 mm in height. In the drying experiment, 10 kg of dehydrated sewage sludge was added to the dryer and the total amount of the sludge was adjusted to 27 times by variable of the time, the number of revolutions and the steam temperature. The results of analysis of the 27th experiment component of the dried product showed that the average low calorific value of about 11.2 MJ/kg and the water content of 6%. This is satisfy the fuel use standard of the thermal power plant of the sludge.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.189-192
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• 2005

We tested the field adaptation of Betula schmidtii on the abandoned coal-mine soil with sludge amendment methods for promoting physiological activity of B. schmidtii seedlings under several environmental stress. Sewage sludges were amended to coal-mine soil with B. schmidtii seedlings which grown in the mixture of artificial soil and composted sludge soil before transplanting (before-fertilized treatment, BF) and fertilized with composted sludge after transplanting (after-fertilized treatment, AF). The percent of establishment of seedlings for AF (80.7%) was lower than that for BF (92.7%). Nitrate reductase activity and photosynthetic pigment content were higher in AF than in BF, but malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were lower in AF than in BF These results represent that after-fertilized seedlings increase resistance against physiological stress at field condition using nitrogen source of composted sludge. On the contrary, before-fertilized seedlings were susceptible to environmental stress on abandoned coal-mine soil by exhausting of nitrogen source from composted sludge.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2004

This study has been conducted to develop a new recycling technology of sewage sludge using a carbonization process. The carbonizing yield, the calorific value and EC(electric conductivity) of carbonized sewage sludge had a tendency to be decreased with increase of the carbonizing temperature and time, but pH and the C/N were increased with increase the carbonizing temperature and time. The whole pore volume of carbonized sludge processed in the carbonizing furnace was /g, which was smaller than that in the electric furnace. But, the rates of mesopore and macropore were found to account for 100% therein. Rate of color and organic materials removal for dyeing wastewater were determined 70~97%, 78~83% on cotton yarn, 88~96%, 69~80% on wool wastewater and 77~89%, 77~87% on towel compared with powder activated carbon. Effect of carbonized sludge on chrysanthemum growth was investigated. Plant height and number of leaves was better mixture of carbonized sludge than comparison.