• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2021

Norovirus (NoV) prevalence was investigated in 100 sewage samples collected from 35 individual septic tanks around the drainage basin of Jaran Bay, Korea in January, May, and July of 2017. Genotypes and diversity of NoV strains detected in sewage samples were also assessed using the conventional RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis. NoV GI or GII were detected in 22 (22.0%) and 24 (24.0%) samples, respectively. Thirteen genotypes were identified with three dominant genotypes (GI.9, GII.5 and GII.17) and GII.17 showed relatively higher prevalence during the survey period. GII.17 strains were clustered into recombinant type variant or NoV GII.17 Kawasaki variant. NoV GII.17 strains were considered emergent epidemic variants with widespread circulation. NoV surveillance strategy should include both environmental (sewage) and clinical data to reveal minor NoV genotypes likely cause of asymptomatic or underreported infections in the local population.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.789-798
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• 2004

Physicochemical characteristics of Kwangyang Bay, have been investigated on the effects of inputting rivers just after rainy season in summer 2003. The results ranged from 4.96～8.01 mg/L for DO, 1.16～3.09 mg/L for COD, 7.21～67.71 uM for DIN and 0.12～121.84 uM for phosphate. The COD of Yeosu Area was 1.19～3.09 mg/L, Kwangyang Area was 1.23～2.76 mg/L. The COD of Wallae cheon in Yeosu Area was 3.09 mg/L and Donghoan in Kwangyang Area was 2.76 mg/L. The reason of high COD might be industrial sewage of organic chemical plants and iron foundry. DIN of Yeosu Area and Kwangyang Area were 7.21～63.43 ${\mu}M$ and 8.43～67.71 ${\mu}M$ respectively. The average phosphate of Yeosu Area was 23.65 u. The source of phosphate might be industrial sewages of fertilizer plant and phosphate gypsum stocked with high amounts. The metal concentrations were measured in the range of 1.01～175.10 ${\mu}g/L$ for Cu, 0.13～1.78 ${\mu}g/L$ for Cd, 1.13～5.21 ${\mu}g/L$ for Pb, 1.58～13.57 ${\mu}g/L$ for Cr and 1.07～20.68 ${\mu}g/L$ for As. The average Cu concentration was 78.99 ${\mu}g/L$ in Kwangyang Area. The source of Cu might be industrial sewage of iron foundry. The average Cr concentration of Yeosu Area was 9.07 ${\mu}g/L$. That is 2 times higher than Kwangyang Bay 5.74 ${\mu}g/L$, because of sewage of chemical plants.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1976

해양물리적인 환경요인 및 해양화학적인 환경요인은 해양생태계의 주요 구성요인 이다. 육상 환경요인은 보통 1일을 주기 또는 1년을 주기로 그 변화폭이 심한데 비하여 해양환경요인의 변화폭은 작고 지속적인 것이 특징이다. 해양생물체는 상기와 간은 변화폭이 작은 환경요인에 적응진화하였다. 따라서 산업활동이나 도시폐수 등의 직접적인 해수내 유입은 환경요인의 변화폭을 갑자기 변화시켜 해양환경에 균형이 깨지어 생물체에 중대한 영향을 미치게 된다. 마산만은 진해만의 일부분으로 내만으로 되어있으며 주변 임해공업단지에 의한 공장폐수와 도시인구의 증가에 의한 오염여부 및 오염정도에 대한조사연구가 시급하다 하겠다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 1999

수영하수처리장 방류수의 해중방류법과 3차 처리 시설 설치의 비용분석을 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 해안에서 4km 거리와 관경을 2m의 해중방류법을 이용한 수용만의 수질을 개선시키는데 소요되는 해중방류관 건설비용은 383억 원이 소요되는 것으로 산출되었다. 2) 수영하수처리장의 유출수를 해중방류관을 통해서 방류할 경우 방류수심을 32m, Diffuser의 길이를 200m로 할 경우의 초기희석배율은 유속에 따라서 56.4∼399.2으로 계산되었다. 3) 질소를 제거하기 위한 순환법의 경우의 20년 동안의 총 비용은 1,364억 원, 인을 제거하기 위한 응집제 첨가 활성슬러지법은 1,010억 원, 해중방류법은 383억 원으로 해중방류법이 3차 처리시설을 설치하는 비용보다 약 2.6∼3.5배 비용을 적게 소요하는 것으로 산출되었다. 4) 해중방류법을 이용할 경우의 수영만의 수질영향을 예측하기 위해서 물질순환모델을 이용하여 예측한 결과 수영만의 수질이 COD, 용존무기질소(DIN)와 용존무기인(DIP)의 전 항목에서 해역환경 II등급을 만족하는 것으로 예측되었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

To develop sustainable management strategies for oyster farms in Pukman Bay, Korea, we estimated primary production using a numerical model. Because oysters are filter feeders, estimations of primary production (PP) are essential in developing management strategies. The daily PP ranged from 0.07 to 1.5 gC/$m^2$/d and showed significant spatial variations. The spatial distribution of PP was strongly associated with hydrodynamic features, and distinct patterns were observed in three different regions. In the inner bay, high PP was directly influenced by urban and agricultural sewage. The middle part of the bay had low PP, whereas PP in the outer area was high. PP was relatively low during the main oyster growth season, from late autumn to early winter. These findings represent important information for developing a management model for oyster farms in Pukman Bay.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2001

The water quality in Yongil Bay is getting worse due to the sewage and the waste water from the surrounding industrial complex. The study aims to simulate the current system that is necessary to build ecosystem model for the optium water quality control and clarify the correlation of current system characteristics with water quality in Yongil Bay. To clarify the characteristics of coastal water movement system and verify the applicability of the 3-D model, the current system was simulated using 3-D model baroclinic model which considers tidal current and density effects. As the results of numerical experiments, it is proved the 3-D model is the most applicable on appearing the current system of the stratificated Yongil Bay difference of density. Form the results of simulation considered tidal current only, it can be clarified that the water body flows in the inner bay through the bottom layer and flows out the outer bay through the surface layer in Yongil Bay. And the fresh water from the Hyongsan river and the thermal discharge form POSCO have a little effect on the current system in Yongil Bay, but the diffusion of heat and salt has an important effect upon the formation of the density stratification of the water quality distribution is closely related with the current structure characteristics as well as the tidal residual current system in Yongil Bay.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.857-869
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• 2008

The objective of this research is to apply more scientific, quantitative methods and procedures of environmental investigation to the development of the natural environment and the improvement of the human environment during the establishment of a sewage treatment plant and special facilities using environmental accounting. This research was performed to develop a method of strategic environmental assessment on the operation of sewage treatment plant and reuse of shellfish seeding areas through the use of environmental accounting based on EMERGY evaluation. The result was applied to marine environment policy in order to evaluate the real wealth of the regional environment and economy for both the present phase and the proposed developed phase. Using results from the comparison of EMERGY indices between the present situation and future scenarios, cost benefit analysis was performed for three different scenarios: (I) construction of a new sewage treatment plant, (2) relocation and recovery of the shellfish seeding area, and (3) relocation and re-seeding of shellfish area and construction of a new sewage treatment plant. Cost-benefit ratios of the three scenarios are 1.88, 0.94, and 1.38, respectively.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2009

아산만 해역으로 방류수가 배출될 경우, 생태-유체역학모델을 이용하여 아산만 해역의 장기 수질변화를 예측하였다. 생태-유체역학 모델은 해수유동 시뮬레이션을 위한 다층모델과 수질시뮬레이션을 위한 생태계모델로 구성되어 있다. 생태-유체역학모델을 이용하여 아산만해역의 장기 수질을 예측한 결과, 5개 정점에서 화학적산소요구량, 용존무기질소 및 용존무기인의 농도분포는 현재 계산결과에서 6개월 동안 증가하였다. 수치실험 수행시간 1년에서 2년 사이에서는 화학적 산소요구랑, 용존무기질소, 용존무기인의 농도분포는 6개월 동안 증가한 농도분포가 차츰 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 3년에서 10년 사이에서는 일정한 농도분포를 보였다. 화학적 산소요구량, 용존무기질소 및 용존무기인의 농도는 $11{\sim}67%$, $10{\sim}67%$ 및 0.57%의 범위로 증가하였다. 10년 동안의 수치 실험 결과 화학적산소요구량과 용존무기질소의 변화 폭이 크게 나타났으며 이는 하수처리장의 방류수 중 이 두 오염부하량이 많은 양을 차지하고 있기 때문이다. 아산만 연안해역에서 화학적산소요구량, 총질소, 총인의 농도는 해역수질환경기준 II등급으로 조사되었으나, 하수처리장의 방류수가 배출될 경우 사업지구 인근의 아산만 방조제 부근에서는 해역수질환경기준 III등급으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.561-570
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• 2004

This study was carried out to survey the pollution of nonylphenol (NP) in surface sediments around Gwangyang bay and Yeosu sound. NP was suspected chemicals as endocrine disruption. Gwangyang bay is located on the mid south coast of Korea. It is a semi-closed bay which Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex, POSCO (Pohang Steel Company) and Gwangyang container harbor are there. The surface sediments were collected at 15 stations with gravity corer at October, 1999, February, May and August, 2000. Also, the stream and intertidal sediment were collected at 5 sites at August, 2000. Concentrations of NP in surface sediments were in the range of 6.89 to 202.70 ng/g dry wt.. Seasonal range (mean value) of NP is 13.98 to 30.48 (23.46) ng/g dry wt. at October, 10.35 to 54.91 (28.10) ng/g dry wt. at February, 29.05 to 202.70 (82.32) ng/g dry wt. at May and 6.98 to 83.40 (25.37) ng/g dry wt. at August. NP was seasonally fluctuated, and the highest mean value and range was detected at May, 2000. NP was highly distributed in the inner part of Gwangyang bay than Yeosu sound. Concentrations of NP in stream and intertidal sediments showed the highest value in downstream near Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex and Yondung stream. It suggests that the source of NP is industrial wastewater and municipal sewage.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.246-252
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• 2000

The water quality in Yeongil Bay is getting worse due to the sewage and the waste water from the surrounding industrial complex The study aims to simulate the current system that is necessary to built ecosystem model for the optium water quality control and clarify the correlation of current system characteristics with water quality in Yongil Bay. To clarify the characteristics of coastal water movement system and verify the applicability of the 3-D model, the current system was simulated using 3-D baroclinic model considered tidal current and density effects. As the results of numerical experiments, it is proved the 3-D model is the most appliable on the Yongil Bay where current flows slowly and the flow direction is varied by depths. From the results of simulation considered tidal current only, It am be clearly said the water in Yongil Bay flows in through the surface layer and flows out through the bottom layer. And the fresh water from the Hyongsan river and the heated discharge from POSCO have little effect on the current structure in Yonggil Bay, but have and important effect upon the density structure by diffusion of heat and salt. And the water quality distribution is closely related with the current structure characteristics as well as the tidal residual current system.