• 산업기술연구
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• 제20권A호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2000

Column tests in the laboratory were preformed to investigate characteristics of settling process of dredged soil sampled from in-situ. Test results were analyzed by using the existing theories on discrete settling and hindered settling. From column tests of monitoring the interface with time, settling was found to be a linear process with time and the settling rate was increased with initial water content of slurry. The settling rate was also observed to decrease with increasing initial height of slurry. Most of settling process were composed of flocculation, hindered settling and self-weight consolidation. On the other hands, flocculation of soil during settling was observed and it was found that the size and density of flocculated particles could be analyzed by using the method proposed by Richardson and Zaki.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제24권A호
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• pp.251-261
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• 2004

A series of column test with a silty marine soil mixed with Jumunjin Standard Sand were performed to investigate the characteristics of settling and consolidation of non-plastic dredged soils. Column tests were carried out by using the separable column to measure the grain size distribution of consolidated layer. Column tests were performed with changing the mixing ratio of Jumunjin Standard Sand to the silty marine soil, initial water content of slurry and initial height of slurry. Height of interface of slurry was monitored during tests and grain size distribution tests were carried out after finishing tests. Influencing factors on the particle segregation, eventually to the characteristics of settling and consolidation of non-plastic soil, were analyzed on the thesis of test results. As results of column tests, the mixing ratio of sand to the silty marine soil and the initial water content of slurry were known to affect the characteristics of settling and consolidation resulted in significant particle segregation of slurry. Initial height of slurry was found not to affect seriously to particle segregation.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 시화호 점착성 퇴적물의 침강 및 침식특성을 정량적으로 분석하는 것이다. 침강특성은 특수 제작된 1.8 m의 침강수주를 이용하여 multi-depth 부유사 농도 채취방법으로 수행하였고, 침식특성은 전북대 환형수조를 이용하여 각기 다른 밀도를 갖는 균일저면 조건하에서 수행하였다. 침강실험의 결과로서, 시화호 점착성 퇴적물은 부유사 농도값이 0.1$0.002의 침강속도 값을 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 침식실험의 결과로서 저면밀도를 $1.14{\sim}1.32g/cm^{3}$로 변화 시켰을때, 침식한계전단응력은 $0.19{\sim}0.55N/m^{2}$으로 증가하였으며, 침식률계수는 $18.4{\sim}3.9mg/cm^{2}{\cdot}hr$의 범위로 감소하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2003

The settling of the dredged soil may vary with mineral composition, grain size distribution, initial water content and salt concentration of suspension of the site. A series of settling column test was performed to investigate the behaviour of solid suspension material from dredging and reclamation. Settling mode was divided into four types from the observation of interface and settling curves of clay minerals and marine clay samples, and the relationship charts of salt concentration and the initial water content were established to use in the dredging operation with any salt concentration. The critical initial water content which was defined as a threshold of zone settling and the consolidation settling was varied with salt concentration of water and was proportional to the plasticity of soil in sea water.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2005

The settling rate of the dredged soil may vary with mineral composition, grain size distribution, initial con contration and salt concentration of suspension of the site. A series of settling column test was performed to investigate the settling rate characteristics of solid suspension material from dredging and reclamation. The settling rate of soil mixed with various size of particles depended on clay fraction which showed a inherent flux. A model was developed to predict the particle flux of mixed soil from the clay flux and its applicability was verified.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2005

The sediment of Shihwa Lake contains an abundant quantity of cohesive sediments. The transport processes of the cohesive sediments are complex and difficult to predict, quantitatively. The cohesive sediments are the primary reason for the pollution of the environment and water quality in the coastal region. In this study, a column test has been performed. In order to quantify the settling velocities of sediment from Shihwa Lake, an experiment was conducted using a specially designed 1.8m tall settling column. A series of settling tests and physico-chemical property tests on Shihwa Lake cohesive sediments has been conducted to investigate the correlation between settling properties and their physico-chemical properties, which are represented as grain size distribution, mineralogical composition, and percentage oj organic contents. Experimental results of physico-chemical property tests show that Shihwa Lake sediments are relatively large in average grain $size(74\mu m)$ contain very small organic $material(6\%)$, and are dominantly composed of Quarts, which has relatively low cohesion. Thus, Shihwa Lake sediments might be specified as those whose settling properties are more influenced by gravity than cohesion. It is concluded that the magnitude of settling velocities of muddy sediments can be quite different, regionally, and it implies that field or laboratory experiments for settling velocity measurement should be preceded over the numerical modeling of muddy sediment transport, in order to obtain the reliable prediction results for a given specific site.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.319-331
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• 2017

This vacuum preloading combined with polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculation was proposed to separating solid-liquid in waste slurry and to improving bearing capacity of soft soil ground. By using waste slurry taken from drilled shaft construction site in Shanghai, China, a series of settling column tests with four typical flocculants and one normal for waste slurry were carried out for comparative analysis. The optimal amounts for each flocculant were obtained from the column tests. Then, model tests on vacuum preloading with anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) flocculation and without flocculants were carried out. The out of water and the settlement of slurry surface ground were monitored during the model tests, and the changes in water content, particle-size and pore-size distributions in different positions after the model tests were measured and discussed. It is found that water content of the waste slurry without APAM flocculation changed from 204 to 195% by 24 hours standing and 15 hours vacuum preloading, while the water content of the waste slurry with APAM flocculation was declined from 163 to 96% by 24 hours standing, and was further reduced into 37% by 136 hours vacuum preloading, which shows that the combined method is feasible and effective.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2016

대전의 관평천에 설치된 1.8 m 높이의 침강 실험장치를 이용하여 총 4회에 걸쳐 강우 유출수를 채취하여 오염물질제거 효율 및 특성을 측정하였다. 오염물질 농도는 초기 4시간 동안 급격하게 감소하였으며 약 24시간 후 일정한 수준을 나타내는 경향을 보였다. 침전 실험 장치 내에서는 높이 별 농도가 크게 다르지 않은 것으로 관찰되었으며 이는 침전장치 내에서 대부분의 고형물질은 서로 방해하지 않고 독립적으로 침전하기 때문인 것으로 분석된다. 강우 유출수를 대상으로 분석한 입도는 $10{\sim}100{\mu}m$의 범위로 나타났다. 강우 유출수내에서 TP의 경우 입자성 물질이 평균 52.4%, TN의 경우 23.5%의 비율로 나타났으며 TN의 경우 침강에 의해 효율적으로 제거되기 어렵다는 것을 확인하여 주고 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 초기 강우 유출수에 포함되어 있는 TSS와 TP와 같은 오염물질이 단순한 침강에 의해 효과적으로의 제거될 수 있다는 것을 나타내고 있으며 하천수질을 보호하는데 적극적으로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2006

Over the past decades, a flocculation and/or sedimentation process have been adopted to remove pollutants from CSOs. It has been learned that major factors affecting settlement of pollutants are the particle size distribution, their settling velocities and their specific gravity. It is, therefore, a good idea to analyze the particle size distribution and settleability of CSOs pollutants in order to develop details in designing a process. Discussed in this study are pollutant characteristics of CSOs such as particle size distribution and settleability of pollutants. The power law function is applied and is found to be an effective and reliable index for expressing the particle size distribution of pollutants in CSOs. Based on the regression analysis it is observed that the derived constants of curves representing settling velocity profile are proportional to the initial concentration of particles and to the ${\beta}$-values of power law distributions.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2006

런던협약의 영향으로 슬러지 처리의 중요성이 대두되고 있는 실정이므로 본 연구는 슬러지 처리에 대한 개선방안의 제시를 목적으로 유기성 폐수 및 하수처리장 슬러지를 대상으로 JAR test 및 교반장치를 부착한 침강 column을 이용하여 응집효율이 침강특성에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험을 실시하였으며 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 최적의 침강효율을 얻기 위한 최소의 응집제 투여농도는 200mg/L의 경우로 나타났으며. 200mg/L 이상으로 PAC가 투여될 경우 각각의 임계슬러지 영역의 크기에서는 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 200mg/L로 투여되었을 때의 Clarification Rate(CR)은 임계슬러지 침강높이 비율이 0.4로 나타났으므로 CR = (Ho-Ht) / Ho = 1-0.4=0.6 로 산정되었다. MLSS농도가 높아질수록 슬러지 계면 침강속도는 감소하였으나 MLSS농도가 1,000mg/l 이상으로 증가하면 오히려 침강속도는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 슬러지 농도가 1,000mg/l 이상으로 증가하게 되면 압밀침전영역으로 전이되어 상호작용에 의한 응집에 영향을 미치게 됨으로써 오히려 floc 형성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치기 때문이다. 슬러지 응집계면의 침강속도는 유기폐수 활성슬러지의 평균 침강속도 $4.25{\times}10^{-3}/min$보다 하수처리장 슬러지의 평균 침강속도가 $28.66{\times}10^{-3}/min$로 6.7배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 유기성 폐수 활성슬러지는 PAC의 투여량이 200mg/l 이하일 때는 침강속도 증가율보다 CR의 증가율이 더 컸으나 200mg/l 이상일 때는 CR의 증가율보다 침강속도 증가율이 더 커졌음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 하수슬러지의 경우는 PAC 투여량이 증가함에 따라 CR의 변화율에는 차이가 적었으나 침강속도는 200m/l 이상일 때 차이가 급격히 증가하였다. 따라서 응집제 투여효과는 상등수의 SS제거율 효과보다는 MLSS의 침강속도에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있다.