• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.443-460
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• 2015

This paper presents the analysis of mechanical behavior of metal wall panels of storehouses and industrial buildings subjected to differential settlements. The storehouses considered are representative of those used in the agricultural activity. A small-scale model was built and tested in order to have evidence of the behavior and to validate computational models. The numerical investigation is carried out through finite element analysis using a general-purpose software, by modeling buildings with different geometries and evaluating different settlements of the ground. To obtain an adequate model, geometric non-linearity has to be taken into account. Models that represent the most usual geometric typologies were investigated under support settlements. The deflected shape of the wall panel and the relationship between the horizontal displacements and the settlement of the foundations are evaluated. The results show that there are large out-of-plane displacements caused by settlements that would be admitted by design recommendations.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.63-76
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• 1999

This paper is to clarify the spatial characteristics of settlements in rural area. Especially the study is viewed through the geographical language in Eumsung-Kun, which is one of typical rural settlements situated in Chung Buk. The number of geographical languages collected in Eumsung-Eup and Wonnam-Myun is 150. The geographical languages could be classified into 8 groups and 4 categories. The main results are as follows; 1) The study method by geographical language is effective to analyze the spatial organization of settlements as a living space. 2) The classification and categorization of geographical language showed clearly the formation process and spatial characteristics of settlements.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.41-54
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• 1985

비교적 얕은 깊이에서 터널을 착굴하거나 개착을 하늘 경우, 열변지반에 침하 및 수평이동 등의 변위가 발생하게 된다. 이러한 변위는 주변 구조물의 안정에 큰 영향을 미치며, 심한 경우 주변 구조물이 파괴되는 상태에 까지 이른다. 인구가 밀집된 대도시에 지하철을 시공할 경우, 주변 문화재, 고층건물, 상하수도관, 가스관 등의 안정을 지하철 설계시 고려하여야 하므로 터널굴착에 따른 지반변위의 예측과 자세한 침하의 원인이 규명되어야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 지반 침하량 및 침하발생 영역을 예상하거나 침하요인을 파악하기 위하여 부산지하철 NATM회간의 지표면 침하, 지표면 수평변위, 지중침하, 천단침하 들에 관한 측정 분석이 이루어졌다. 그 결과, 횡방향 지표면 침하는 Gaussian normal probability curve, 종방향 지표면 심하하는 cumulative Gaussian probability curve로서 해석이 가능하다는 것과 가인버어트의 조기폐합이 침하량 감소에 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.643-654
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• 2018

Tunnel excavation leads to a disturbance on the initial stress balance of surrounding soils, which causes convergences around the tunnel and settlements at the ground surface. Considering the effective impact of settlements on the structures at the surface, it is necessary to estimate them, especially in urban areas. In the present study, ground settlements due to the excavation of East-West Line 7 of the Tehran Metro (EWL7) and the Abuzar tunnels are evaluated and the effect of the lateral earth pressure coefficient ($K_0$) on their extension is investigated. The excavation of the tunnels was performed by TBMs (Tunnel Boring Machines). The coefficient of lateral earth pressure ($K_0$) is one of the most important geotechnical parameters for tunnel design and is greatly influenced by the geological characteristics of the surrounding soil mass along the tunnel route. The real (in-situ) settlements of the ground surface were measured experimentally using leveling methods along the studied tunnels and the results were compared with evaluated settlements obtained from both semi-empirical and numerical methods (using the finite difference software FLAC3D). The comparisons permitted to show that the adopted numerical models can effectively be used to predict settlements induced by a tunnel excavation. Then a numerical parametric study was conducted to show the influence of the $K_0$ values on the ground settlements. Numerical investigations also showed that the shapes of settlement trough of the studied tunnels, in a transverse section, are not similar because of their different diameters and depths of the tunnels.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2000

In this paper, consolidation settlements with time at vertical drain sites were predicted by artificial neural networks. Laboratory test results and field measurements of two vertical drain sites were used for training and testing neural networks. Predicted consolidation settlements by trained artificial neural networks were compared with measured settlements by field instrumentation. To improve the prediction accuracy, modular artificial neural networks were studied. From the results of applying artificial neural networks to the same situation, it was shown that modular artificial neural network model was more accurate for the prediction of the consolidation settlements than the general model.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.147-168
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to establish the method of conservation for traditional Korean settlements, based on the field surveys on the representative traditional settlements in Korea and China. The method is approached from grasping the conservation mechanism in which non-physical aspects deeply influence physical ones. The study has analyzed the characteristics and problems in the current methods of conservation for the traditional settlements, through comparing conservation practices at the World Heritage-class settlements such as Yangdong, Hahoi, and Oeam villages in Korea and Xidi-cun, Hong-cun, and Dangjia-cun in China. As a consequence of the study, the conservation method for the traditional Korean settlements is established as follows; Firstly, the conservation targets are classified into 4 types in terms of the relations of elements; individual, correspondent, sequential, and network elements. Secondly, the conservation strategies include the structuralizations of targets, by means of sequencing and networking. Thirdly, the conservation programs are made in consideration of the sustenance, transformation, replacement, and extinction of traditional use patterns.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권spc3호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2003

A new type of soft ground breakwater was recently developed, which does not need ground improvement because of light weight and structural characteristics. The various studies about consolidation settlements and lateral behavior of proposed soft ground breakwater have been conducted. But, the systematic investigations on the construction performance and long-term settlements of new type breakwater has not been accomplished. In this study, construction simulation of soft ground breakwater with soil box model test and experiments of the long-term wave loaded breakwater were performed. The results of test shows that it is possible to compensate differential settlements by dead loading and/or suction pressure, and to reduce the consolidation settlements by preloading method. It was also found that the vertical and lateral displacements of long-term wave loaded breakwater were negligible.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 부산광역시 기장군 개발제한구역 해제지내 집단취락지를 대상으로 순수개발지표 및 향후 개발여건들을 고려한 표준화 점수 도출로 우선순위를 결정하여 집단취락의 개발 잠재력을 도출하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 부산광역시 GIS Data를 사용하여 객관적이고 과학적인 분석을 위해 자연적, 물리적, 개발적, 접근성 측면의 4개 부문에서 개별지표를 선정하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과 해안변에 입지한 대규모 취락들은 개별지표 값들이 높은 지역으로 개발 잠재력이 높은 것으로 평가되었으며, 국도 14호선 서측의 내륙에 입지한 소규모 취락들은 개별지표 값들이 낮게 나타나 개발 잠재력이 낮은 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.5-12
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• 1997

연약지반 개량을 위한 프리로딩 공법에서 침하 애측은 시공관리상 매우 중요한 요소이다. 지반의 비균질성, 지반 물성치 조사의 한계 등의 이유로 설계시에 침하속도 및 침하량을 실제 발생치와 근접하게 예측하기는 매우 어렵다. 이러한 문제점 때문에 쌍곡선법,아사오카법 등 초기 침하계측을 이용한 장래 침하 추정 법들이 침하 예측 기법으로 활발하게 이용되고 있으나, 예측 시점에서 추정된 장래 침하량의 신뢰성에 대한 평가 방법엔 대하여서는 제시된 바가 없다. 본 연구는 사례연구를 통하여 쌍곡선법으로 예측된 장래침하량들과 실 침하량들을 비교하구 초기 계측 기간에 따른 장래 침하량 예측의 신뢰성에 관한 분석을 통하여. 쌍곡선법을 이용한 장래 침하량 추정의 신뢰성 평가 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.406-411
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• 2011

An active application of tram is being expected in Korea in the near future. For the tram operation in urban area, the embedded rail tracks where rails are completely embedded with pavements is required. When the embedded rail track is constructed on fine-grained subgrade soil, excessive cumulative plastic settlements due to repetitive tram road may occur. In this study, repetitive load tests were carried out to evaluate the accumulative plastic settlements of subgrade soils underneath embedded rail tracks. Two real-scale track specimens of 5 m lengths were constructed considering the maximum cant of a curved line. Repetitive tram loads of three million times were applied to the tracks in 5 Hz frequency. The accumulating patterns of plastic settlements were analyzed. Tram load distributing effects of the concrete slabs were also evaluated using the measured data of earth pressures cells that were installed underneath track. Also the measured settlements were compared with the estimated settlements calculated from an existing experimental equations, and its validity is discussed.