• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.1 s.73
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• pp.41-47
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• 2006

This paper introduces stress monitoring system for buried gas pipeline in poor ground. During the six months of improvement construction of poor ground, maximum settlement of gas pipeline is about 40 cm. This value represents relative small compared to the initial settlement estimation of ground improvement construction plan, 90 cm. Also, this paper includes the result of finite element analysis of gas pipeline to confirm safety of pipelines in poor ground. The stress monitoring system for gas pipeline was developed to guarantee the safety of buried gas pipeline in poor ground. Eventually, the ground improvement workings are ended safely and it is proved that the pipeline has no safety problem.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.111-129
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• 2004

The issues on the interconnection of telecommunications network are recently prevailed in the IT industry. In this study, we classify the network interconnection system into two categories: two way-same price model and two way-different price model. The purpose of this paper is to analyze economic characteristics of optimal settlement system according to each model. One of the most important policy implications we derive through this study is that symmetry between enterprises is required for policy maker or regulatory agency to set an efficient settlement system under two way-same price model, but that symmetry is not necessarily required under two way-same price model.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.3-46
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• 2004

To realize the spirit of the South-North Joint Declaration of June 15, 2000, the competent authorities of the South and the North of Korea have reached two Agreements to settle commercial disputes as well as to set up an arbitral organization called 'South-North Commercial Arbitration Commission'. The Commission is an institutional organization for settlement of commercial disputes arising from trade and investment between south and north Korea. Under the situation, it is becoming a problem of vital importance how to manage and control the Commission for prompt and effective settlement of south-north commercial disputes. While analyzing the above two Agreements for dispute-settlement mechanism, the author proposes desirable ideas and directions in connection with the Commission as follows: 1. First of all, the Commission should become a central common system for settlement of commercial disputes which meets the demand of capitalistic market economy. 2. The Authorities of south and north Korea should recognize that the availability of prompt, effective and economical means of disputes resolution such as arbitration and conciliation to be made by the Commission would promote the orderly growth and encouragement of south-north trade and investment. 3. The Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) should be designated as the Arbitration Commission of South Korea because the KCAB is the only authorized institution in South Korea, statutorily empowered to settle any kind of commercial disputes at home and abroad.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.449-461
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• 2018

The load sharing ratio (${\alpha}_{pr}$) of piles is one of the most common problems in the preliminary design of piled raft foundations. A series of 3D numerical analysis are conducted so that special attentions are given to load sharing characteristics under varying conditions, such as pile configuration, pile diameter, pile length, raft thickness, and settlement level. Based on the 3D FE analysis, influencing factors on load sharing behavior of piled raft are investigated. As a result, it is shown that the load sharing ratio of piled raft decreases with increasing settlement level. The load sharing ratio is not only highly dependent on the system geometries of the foundation but also on the settlement level. Based on the results of parametric studies, the load sharing ratio is proposed as a function of the various influencing factors. In addition, the parametric analyses suggest that the load sharing ratios to minimize the differential settlement of piled raft are ranging from 15 to 48% for friction pile and from 15 to 54% for end-bearing pile. The recommendations can provide a basis for an optimum design that would be applicable to piled rafts taking into account the load sharing characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.376-381
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• 1998

The large scaled field test by prefabricated vertical drains was performed to evaluate the superiority of vertical discharge capacity for drain materials through compare and analyze the time-settlement behavior with drain spacing and the compression index and consolidation coefficient obtained by laboratory experiments and field monitoring system 1. The relation of measurement settlement( $S_{m}$) versus design settlement( $S_{t}$) and measurement consolidation ratio( $U_{m}$) versus design consolidation ratio( $U_{t}$) were shown $S_{m}$=(1.0~l.1) $S_{t}$, $U_{m}$=(1.13~l.17) $U_{t}$, at 1.0m drain spacing and $S_{m}$=(0.7~0.8) $S_{t}$, $U_{m}$=(0.92~0.99) $U_{t}$ at 1.5m drain spacing, respectively. 2. The relation of field compression index( $C_{cfield}$) and virgin compression index( $V_{cclab}$) was shown $C_{cfield}$=(1.0~1.2) $V_{cclab}$, But it was nearly same value when considered the error with determination method of virgin compression index and prediction method of total settlement. 3. field consolidation coefficient was larger than laboratory consolidation coefficient, and the consolidation coefficient ratio( $C_{h}$/ $C_{v}$) were $C_{h}$=(2.4 ~ 3.0) $C_{v}$. $C_{h}$=(3.5 ~ 4.3) $C_{v}$ at 1.0m and 1.5m drain spacing and increased with increasing of drain spacingngasing of drain spacingng spacingng

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.838-845
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• 2006

Recently construction work in Korea, demands of favorable condition ground had been increased with industrialization acceleration and economic growth. However, because of limited land space, it was so hard to ensure favorable condition grounds that construction work proceeds until soft ground area on plans of road, railroad and industrial complex. In this case, soft ground improvement was required such as a stone column method. Stone column method, making a compaction pile using crushed stone, is a soft ground improvement method. However, stone column method is difficult to apply to the ground which is not mobilized enough lateral confine pressure because no bulging failure resistance. Hence, in present study, evaluates the stone columns reinforced by geogrid for settlement reduction and wide range of application of stone columns. Triaxial compression tests were conducted for evaluation which is about behavior characteristics of stone column on replacement rate. Then, 3-dimensional numerical analysis were conducted for application of stone column reinforced by geogrid as evaluate behavior characteristics and settlement reduction effect of stone column reinforced by geogrid on reinforcing depth change of geogrid.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.25-32
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• 2007

The piled-raft foundation, a new design concept, is one of the most effective kinds of foundation for reducing settlement of structures. An alternative piled-raft system with disconnection cap and a sand cushion between the pile and raft was also investigated to compare the influence of ultimate bearing capacity and settlement. Load-settlement relation curves were used to evaluate the ultimate bearing capacity. In the numerical analyses, a plane strain elasto-plastic finite element model (Mohr-Coulomb model) was used to present the response of the piled-raft foundation.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.60
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• pp.141-175
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• 2013

The purpose of this study aims to the implications by the introduction of TSU/BPO system as a instrument of trade settlement. Jointly with financial messaging provider SWIFT, the ICC Banking Commission has developed the URBPO to take into account the legitimate expectations of all relevant sectors. Once the goods have been shipped, the seller's bank uploads the shipping and logistics data to the TSU to be checked against the baseline. URBPO is the first ever set of standards in supply chain finance that governs BPO transactions worldwide. BPO enables banks to reduce the risks associated with international trade to the benefit of both buyers and sellers. A BPO is an irrevocable undertaking given by an Obliger Bank to a Recipient Bank to pay a specified amount under the condition of a successful electronic matching of data or acceptance of mismatches. The BPO should be viewed as an exercise in collaboration between trading partners and their banks. Drawings upon global standards and incorporating the benefits offered by letters of credit, the new instrument has the potential to benefit all parties in a trade transaction-and bring trade settlement into the 21st century.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.63-71
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• 2009

The movement of in-situ walls has become very important as construction in large cities moves upward, instead of outward. Tall structures typically have deep excavations not on1y to provide extra space for parking, but also to reduce the potential settlement of the building. These large excavations require a robust bracing system to resist the lateral earth pressures as the depth increases. Methods to predict deflections of the retaining systems are of utmost importance because wall movements allow potentia1 settlement of adjacent structures. Case studies will be analyzed and measured waI1 def1ections will be compared with predictions from empirica1ly derived charts.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.107-121
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• 2002

In this study, GIS(Geographic Information System), a new approaching method, is proposed to effectively manage long-term settlements in the big reclamation sites. To verify an applicability of the proposed method, the prediction of long-term settlements which may occur in the overall soft deposits of the Incheon International Airport is carried out. During the process of the prediction of long-term settlements, measured settlement data obtained from an early stage of preloading are analyzed in detail. For purposes of the analysis, an estimation of the recompression index is also made based on the Nagaraj's research results. The coefficient of the secondary consolidation is further determined based on the relationship presented by the Mesri & Godlewski, which defines a ratio between the coefficient of the secondary consolidation and the recompression index.