• 대순사상논총
• /
• 제33집
• /
• pp.31-62
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 무극과 태극 상관연동의 대순우주론에 관한 연구를 목적으로 한다. 대순우주론은 구천상제께서 세상에 펼친 대순에 근거하여 이루어진 우주론이다. 이 글에서는 대순우주론이 구천상제의 무극초월, 도주정산의 태극내재, 무극과 태극 상관연동의 후천개벽의 삼단계로 전개되고 있음을 밝히고자 한다. 먼저 구천상제의 무극초월은 생장염장과 무위이화로 드러난다. '생장염장(生長斂藏)'의 사의(四義)는 우주순환 원리를 표상하며, 무위이화는 그 성품을 바르게 하고 기운을 올곧게 함은 꾸밈이 없이 성취함을 일컫는다. 이는 상생진법의 정음정양에 근거하여 이루어진다고 말할 수 있다. 또한 도주정산의 태극내재는 만물생장과 생성변화로 이루어진다. 만물생장은 세상의 모든 것들이 저마다 생명을 틔워 생장하면서 각각 생애 절정을 향해 빛내려고 하는 특징을 드러낸다고 할 것이다. 아울러 뇌성보화의 지배자양에 의해 선천의 상극기운과 습관을 버리고, 음양이기(陰陽二氣)를 결합하여 동정진퇴(動靜進退)의 내재변화(內在變化)로 천기(天氣)와 지기(地氣)를 승강(昇降)하게 한다. 그리고 무극과 태극 상관연동의 후천개벽은 무극초월과 태극내재 상관연동의 대순일원으로 일상에서 도를 체화하는 단계로서 켄 윌버의 통합모델과 상통한다. '도통진경(道通眞境)'은 참된 도를 체화하는 경지이고, '도지통명(道之通明)'은 도를 밝혀 후천개벽의 새 세상을 전개함을 의미한다. 선녀들이 음악을 연주하고, 불로초가 피어나고, 학들이 노니는 안온하고 평화로운 모습이다. 인간은 지상신선이 되고, 후천개벽의 실화기제가 되어 마침내 시공(時空)을 넘나드는 대자유인으로서 행복결실을 맺는 형상이다. 대순사상은 대순진리의 사상으로 도주께서 50년간 각고의 고초를 겪으시며 '태극내재'를 새 밝힘으로 함으로 진법(眞法)을 완성시킨 것에 근거한다. 도주께서 1958년, 도전께 종통을 물려주시면서 도의 전반을 맡아가도록 하명함으로 대순사상은 도전에 의해 대순사상으로 계승되었다. 또한 도전께서 '대순(大巡)'을 크게 순찰하는 의미로 새겨서, 구천상제의 삼계대순(三界大巡) 개벽공사(開闢公事) 뜻을 담보했다. 아울러 '대순(大巡)이 원(圓)으로, 무극과 태극의 상관연동 우주론을 나타내고 있다고 새 밝힘 하였다. 결국 대순사상 우주론은 대순사상의 심층차원을 이해할 수 있게 하면서, 무극초월과 태극내재 상관연동으로 대순일원의 정체성을 드러내고 있음을 새 밝힘 할 수 있다. 대순우주론은 대순일원으로서 생활실천으로 원융회통 성격을 제시한다. 본 연구에서는 문헌학의 진정성과 해석학의 합당성을 활용하여, 대순우주론의 무극과 태극 상관연동의 공공작용을 규명하게 된다. 다양·다중·다층 해석학으로 후천개벽의 생활실화에 접근함으로, 후천개벽의 실천담론을 실화기제로 밝히고자 한다. 대순사상 미래전망은 무극초월과 태극내재 상관연동으로 대순의 '일원회통(一圓會通)' 원만구족으로 생명살림에 관건이 있다고 할 것이다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.71-82
• /
• 2005

Khori(高麗) refers to the Chaabog(reindeer) that live on lichens(蘚) on Mt. Soyon(鮮) in which pastures are the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia. Thus, the origin region of the Khori or Koguryo that are the ancestors of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads(馴鹿 遊牧民) can be said to be the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas of North Eurasia and North America. When the pastoral nomads moved on to the great mountain(大山) zone of the Jangbaek(長白) to the Baekdu(白頭) Mountains, they could have been in contact with pastoral farmers or agricultural farmers living there and they became the farmers remaining on agricultural farms. They were the Koryo people, the ancestors of Korea. Staying in one place, they gradually forgot the origin of their reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic history in the Northwest area of Mt. Soyon, the small mountain(小山) zone of the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas. In other words, they lost their identity as reindeer-herding pastoral nomads when they entered the agricultural area after leaving the pastoral area. However, since their basic genes had already formed when they lived on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia, it is possible to study their pastoral nomadic history focusing on 'the minority living in the broad area(廣域少數)', by utilizing highly advanced biotechnological science and focusing on genes and information technology innovation, and removing various past hindrances in research. Therefore, it is not so difficult to restore the reindeerherding pastoral nomadic history of the Koguryo(高句麗) people and secure their pastoral nomadic identity, of which the first steps have already been taken into their historical stages. The Eurasian continent and the Korean peninsula, especially the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the Korean peninsula have been closely related to each other ecologically and historically. They can never be a separate space at all. The Eurasian continent lies horizontally east to west and thus, the continent forms an isothermal zone. Also, since the time of producing their own foods, it was relatively easy for people with their technology to move to other places owing to the pastoral nomadic characteristic of mobility. Unlike the Chungyen(中原) region, western Asia and the regions covering the Siberia-Manchu-Korean peninsula where food production revolution was first made were connected to the Mongolian lichens route(蘚苔之路: Ni, ukinii jam) and steppe roads. Although the ecological conditions of nature have changed a bit throughout a long history, it was natural for the many tribes in North Asia living on the largest Steppe-Taiga-Tundra area in the world to have believed 'the legends related to animals in relation to their founders and ancestors(獸祖傳說)'. Assuming that Siberian tigers and the tigers living on Mt. Baekdu were connected ecologically and genetically because of the ecological characteristics of the animals, and their migration from plateau to plateau, we would suspect that the Chosun(朝鮮) tribe living on Mt. Baekdu were ethnically and culturally more closely connected to the farther removed Ural-Altai tribes that lived on the cold and dry plateau region than to the Han(i14;) tribe who lived in Chungyen(中原) that was close to Mt. Baekdu. More evidence is the structure of the Korean language which has the form of 'Subject + Object + Verb', which is assumed to have originated from the speedy lifestyle of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads. The structure is quite different from that of the Han(漢) language, which is based on agricultural life. Also, it is natural for reindeer riding reindeerherding pastoral nomads or horse-riding sheep-herding pastoral nomads(騎馬, 羊遊牧民) to have held military and political power over the region and eventually to have established an ancient pastoral nomadic empire in the process of their conquest of agricultural regions. The stages for founding global empires in the history of mankind maybe largely divided into two, in terms of ecological conditions and occupations. They are the steppes and the oceans. Of course, the steppe-based empires were established based on the skills to deal with horses and the ability to shoot arrows while riding horses, along with the use of iron ware in the 8th century BC. The steppe-based empires became the foundation for an oceanic empire, which could have been established by the use of warships and warship guns since the 15th Century. Based on those facts, we know that Chosun, Puyo(夫餘), and Koguryo are the products of a developmental process of pastoral nomadic empires on the steppes. Maybe we can easily find the pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo more than we expected when we trace the origins and history of the Korean tribe living in the pastures located in the northwest area of Mt. Jangbaek by focusing on pastoral nomadic mobility and organization just as we have investigated the historic origins of Anglo-Saxons in America by focusing on the times before the 15th Century. In the process, we should keep in mind that English culture originated from the Industrial Revolution and was directly delivered to the American continent, although America was far from England and was not an intermediate point on long sojourns either. Further, American culture came back to England in a more advanced form later. The most important thing currently to be resolved is to cause Koreans to look back on their own history in a freer way of thinking and with diverse, profound, and sharp insight, taking away the old and existing conventional recognition that is entangled with complicated interests with Korean people and other countries. The meanings of Chosun, Khori, and Solongos have been interpreted arbitrarily without any historic evidence by the scholars who followed conventional tradition of fixed-minded aristocrats in an agricultural society. If the Siberian cultural properties of the stone age, the earthenware age, the bronze age, and the iron age are analyzed in such a way, archaeological discovery will never be able to contribute to the restoration of the Koguryo's pastoral nomadic identity. One should transcend the errors that tend to interpret the cultural properties discovered in the pastoral nomadic regions as not being differentiated from those of agricultural regions and just interpret them altogether from the agricultural point of view. A more careful intention is required in the interpretation of cultural properties of ancient Korean empires that seem to have been formed due to mutual interactions of pastoral nomadic and agricultural cultures. Also, it is required that the conventional recognition chain of 'reverse-genes' be severed, which has placed more weight on agricultural properties than pastoral nomadic ones, since their settlement on agricultural farms was made after the establishment of their ancient pastoral nomadic empires. There is no reason at all to place priority on stoneware, earthenware, bronze ware, and iron ware than on wooden ware(木器) and other ware which were made of animal skins(皮器), bones and horns(骨角器), in analyzing the history in the regions of reindeer or sheep pastures. Reading ancient Korean history from the perspective of pastoral nomadic history, one feels strongly the instinctive emotions to return to the natural 'mother place'. The reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo people that has been accumulated in volumes in their genes and hidden deep inside and have interacted organically could be reborn with Burqanism(Burqan refers to 不咸 in Chinese), which was their religion by birth and symbolized as the red willow(紅柳=不咸). The mother place of the Koguryo's people is the endless vast green pastures of North Eurasia and North America, where we anticipated the development of Korean livestock farming following the inherent properties in the genes of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads with Korean ancestors. We anticipate that the place would be the core resource that could contribute to the development of life of living creatures following the inherent properties of their genes and biotechnological factors. In other words, biotechnology used for a search for clues on the well-being of humans could be the fruit brought by Burqanism of the Koguryo people and the fruit of the globalization of Korean livestock farming. It is the Chosun farmer in China come from the vast nomadic reindeer pastures of North Eurasia that resolved the food problem of a billion Chinese people with lowland paddy rice seeds (水稻) by transforming Heilongjiang Province(黑龍江省) into an oceanic lowland paddy rice field(水田). Even Mao Tse-tung(毛擇東) could not resolve the food problem by his revolution campaigns for tens of years. Today is the very time that requires the development of special livestock farming following the inherent properties of the ancient Korean reindeer-herding pastoral nomads that respected the dignity of life on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the America continent. I suggest that research should be started from the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe in East Mongolia that was the homeland of Hanwoo(韓牛) and the central horse-herding steppe place(牧馬場) of Chingis Khan's Mongolia. The Dariganga Steppe is awash with an affluent natural environment for pastoral nomadic living however, the quality of life of the pastoral nomads there is still low. I suggest we Koreans, the descendents of the Koguryo, should take our first steps for our livestock farming business project and develop the Northern nomadic pastures, here at the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe, which is the Mongolian core place of state-of-the-art technology for military weapons.