• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2007년 가을학술발표회
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• pp.514-527
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• 2007

Earth reinforcement techniques are used worldwide and offer proven solutions to a wide range of geotechnical engineering problems. Here in this paper, recent developments of three major reinforced soil retaining wall methods in Japan were introduced in order to show how the current situation of this technique in Japan is. And the statistical data for the volume of the use was also shown, such as the total volume of the use, the scales of the structures, layout of the earth reinforcement, fill materials, and foundation conditions. Some of the case histories were also introduced with photographs and figures. And then, as one of recent research activity by the author, the study on the application of X-ray CT for the problem of earth reinforcement method combined with other method such as piling and soil improvement was introduced. In this study, a series of model test for several reinforced ground with geogrids was conducted using a newly developed test apparatus. Then, the behavior in the soil box was scanned after settlement using X-ray CT scanner. Based on these test results, the reinforcing effect by the geogrids and the soil arching effect over the pile heads was discussed precisely and those are done in 3-D with nondestructive condition. Finally, the effectiveness of the use of X-ray CT scanner in geotechnical engineering was promised.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1987년도 학술발표회 발표강연집
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• pp.51-80
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• 1987

In this studys a numerical analysis on the defomation of foundation layer was carried out by indroducing joint element. The method using the joust element between adj assent different materials has been originally developed for rock behavior(Goodman, et al. 1968) . The application of this method to the interface between the footing and soil layer proved satisfactory(Ghaboussi p et at. 1973). Authors tried to obtain the deformation of rrcompound foundation layerg", which vertically or horizontally or both consists of the natural(or intact) soft clay layer and the layer improved artificially in order to get high stiff-fness with replacement or chemical treatment to reduce the excessively detrimental settlemellt or lateral displacement in case of banking or building the civil structure on the soft layer. The joint conditions were classified into three categories : contacts sliding and separation. By coupling "JOINT" as a subroutine into multi-purpose code for the finite element method of the foundatlion daveloped by authors on the assumption that shearing and normal displacement can not be coupledl which terms pinon-dilatant" and by selecting modified Cam-clay modeIP the deformation analysis was performmed. The results using joint element were compared with those secured without introduction of joint element Nain results analized are as follows : 1. For the prediction of settlement and lateral desplacement, the result due to joint element was evaluated larger, which was regarded safe. 2. For the determination of ultimate bearing capacetyi the value using joint element appeared smaller by 20%, which was also safe.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2003

퇴적속도의 변화를 고려한 자중압밀해석과 토질조사시험결과의 비교분석을 통하여 22년 동안 방조제 앞에 두께 5∼12m가 급속히 퇴적된 간석지는 미압밀상태에 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 압밀계수$c_v$=0.0005∼0.001$cm^2$/S인 퇴적층은 평균퇴적속도 $v_s$$\phi$=1∼5cm/yr 이상이면 미압밀상태의 가능성이 높으며, 퇴적속도가 초기에 빠르고 후기에 느린 경우 보다 초기에 느리고 후기에 빠른 경우가 훨씬 큰 잔류 과잉간극수압이 존재한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 미압밀상태의 간석지는 압밀침하량이 훨씬 크므로, 최근에 급속히 퇴적된 간석지를 매립하는 경우 미압밀 여부의 평가와 미압밀을 고려한 압밀해석이 필요하다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1455-1460
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• 2005

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the ground deformation by trench excavation for Diaphragm Wall construction. The model tests are performed to investigate the back ground deformation by lowering of slurry level in trench after excavating. Through these, the deformation characteristic of the back ground due to stress release of excavated space was investigated. This study considered relative density of soil mass and the distance between trench and surcharge. An experiment was performed in order to observe the failure pattern of a slurry-supported trench excavated in sandy ground. From model tests, in order to predict reasonably the deformation behavior of the adjacent ground due to the underground excavation, it is significantly recommended that the ground settlement by trench excavation should be considered.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.265-274
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• 1997

All landscapes are mosaics of habitat patches of different types. Therefore, there are always edged between habitat patches in a landscape. Forest animal has an important role in vegetation development and maintenance by seed dispersal around forest. Movement of animals depends on the spatially heterogeneous structure and pattern of vegetation landscapes because each animal has special habitats in a landscape. Especially, forast edge with high permeability and prey density is one of the important habitats to the animals. Therefore, understanding the ecological characteristics of the forest edges as a corridor connecting mosaic vegetation patches is necessa교 새 establish the strategies for the nature conservation and sustainable vegetation management. Under this idea, we examined the animal influenced on pine seeds as one of the method of monitoring the animal activity in mosaic vegetation. Man-made mosaic vegetations including open, edge and inner forests were carefully selected in the rural landscape. We carried out predation test on pine seeds during one year. A result was that damages on seed was more significant at forest edge than inner and open forest. Pine seed on seedbeds was mainly attacked by squirrels and mice than birds. Pine seed was damaged by squirrels in different types of vegetation by seasons. Rate of seed predation at forest edge was, in special, higher than that of other sites. According to this results, it is suggested that the relationship between animal behavior and spatial vegetation structure relating to human impact such as the distance from settlement to vegetation appeares to be in the rural vegetation landscape.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.191-208
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• 2012

Due to rapid industrialisation, large scale infrastructure development is taking place worldwide. This includes railways, high speed highways, elevated roads etc. To meet the demands of society and industry, many innovative techniques and materials are being developed. In developed nations like USA, Japan etc. for railways applications, new material like geocells, geogrids are being used successfully to enable fast movement of vehicles. The present research work was aimed to develop design methodologies for improvement of grounds subjected to cyclic loads caused by moving vehicles on roads, rail tracks etc. Deformation behavior of ballast under static and cyclic load tests was studied based on square footing test. The paper presents a study of the effect of geo-synthetic reinforcement on the (cumulative) plastic settlement, of point loaded square footing on a thick layer of granular base overlying different compressible bases. The research findings showed that inclusion of geo-synthetics significantly improves the performance of ballasted tracks and reduces the foundation area. If the area is kept same, higher speed trains can be allowed to pass through the same track with insertion of geosynthetics. Similarly, area of machine foundation may also be reduced where geosynthetics is provided in foundation. The model tests results have been validated by numerical modeling, using $FLAC^{3D}$.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.267-289
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• 2014

A proper physical modeling of infilled building frame-foundation beam-soil mass interaction system is needed to predict more realistic and accurate structural behavior under static vertical loading. This is achieved via finite element method considering the superstructure, foundation and soil mass as a single integral compatible structural unit. The physical modelling is achieved via use of finite element method, which requires the use of variety of isoparametric elements with different degrees of freedom. The unbounded domain of the soil mass has been discretized with coupled finite-infinite elements to achieve computational economy. The nonlinearity of soil mass plays an important role in the redistribution of forces in the superstructure. The nonlinear behaviour of the soil mass is modeled using hyperbolic model. The incremental-iterative nonlinear solution algorithm has been adopted for carrying out the nonlinear elastic interaction analysis of a two-bay two-storey infilled building frame. The frame and the infill have been considered to behave in linear elastic manner, whereas the subsoil in nonlinear elastic manner. In this paper, the computational methodology adopted for nonlinear soil-structure interaction analysis of infilled frame-foundation-soil system has been presented.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.407-420
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• 2019

This paper illustrates the results of a series of seismic geotechnical centrifuge experiments to explore dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI) of two structures (named S1 and S2) installed on ground surface. A dense homogeneous ground is prepared in an equivalent shear beam (ESB) container. Two structural models are designed to elicit soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI) with different masses, heights, and dynamic characteristics. Five experimental tests are carried out for: (1) two reference responses of the two structures and (2) the response of two structures closely located at three ranges of distance. It is found that differential settlements of both structures increase and the smaller structure (S2) inversely rotates out of the other (S1) when they interact with each other. S2 structure experiences less settlement and uplift when at a close distance to the S1 structure. Furthermore, the S1 structure, which is larger one, shows a larger rocking and a smaller sliding response due to the SSSI effects, while S2 structure tends to slide more than that in the reference test, which is illustrated by an increase in sliding response and rocking stiffness as well as a decrease in moment-to-shear ratio (M/H·L) of the S2 structure.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 저토피 구간에서 기존터널 하부에 새로운 터널을 교차하여 신설할 때에 하부 터널굴착으로 인하여 발생하는 교차부 주변지반의 거동과 상부의 기존터널의 거동을 대형모형실험을 통하여 연구하였다. 모형실험은 4.0 m (폭), 3.8 m (높이), 4.1 m (길이) 크기의 콘크리트로 제작된 대형토조에서 모래를 이용하여 상대밀도가 일정한 모형지반을 3.4m높이로 조성하여 실시하였다. 모형실험결과 교차부 주변지반은 하부터널 종방향의 응력전이로 인하여 교차 전과 교차 후에 응력과 지반변위의 차이가 발생하였다. 교차 전 후의 하부터널굴착에 따른 종방향 응력전이가 상부터널에 의하여 차단됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2005

수평배수재가 매설된 표층 준설 매립지반의 압밀해석을 하기 위한 유한 차분해석 프로그램을 개발하였다. 프로그램의 지배방정식은 1차원 자중압밀이론을 3차원으로 전개시킨 식을 이용하여 수평배수재가 설치된 지반의 다양한 경계조건을 적용하였으며 배수재로 간극수가 침투되는 침투압효과를 고려하였다. 해석프로그램의 타당성 검증을 위해서 실내 토조압밀시험을 실시하고 시간-침하량의 측정결과와 예측결과를 비교하였다. 수평배수재의 설계조건으로 배수재 횡방향 설치간격, 설치깊이, 설치층수의 변화가 압밀에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.