• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2020

Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) has high fluidity and self-compaction characteristics. CLSM is mainly used for backfilling the excavated road. Early-age properties of CLSM should be characterized for fast restoration of the road. In this study, shear wave monitoring and Vicat needle test are performed to investigate the early-age properties of CLSM depending on the setting time. CLSM consists of CSA cement, fly ash, silt and sand, accelerator, and water. Five fly ashes with different chemical properties are used for CLSM samples. The penetration of CLSM along setting time is obtained through the Vicat needle test. A pair of bender elements are placed in a mold for shear wave measurement, and the change in shear waves with the setting time is monitored. The experimental results show that, regardless of the type of fly ash, the penetration depth decreases and the shear wave velocity increases with the setting time. Depending on the type of fly ash, initial and final times and shear wave velocity change. After testing, the correlation between penetration and shear wave velocity is obtained with high coefficient of determination. The shear wave measurement technique using the bender element can be used to identify early-age properties.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.347-354
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• 2007

This paper describes on the real-time monitoring of net setting and hauling process for fishing operations of Danish seine vessels in the southern waters of Korea as an application of a PC based ECDIS system. Tracking of fishing process was performed for the large scale Danish seine vessel of G/T 90 and 350 PS class using the fishing gear which the length of net, ground rope, head rope and sweep line including warp in both sides were 86m, 104m, 118m and 3,200m, respectively. Tracking information for net setting and hauling process was continuously recorded for 23 fishing operations performed on November and December, 2003. All measurement data, such as trawl position, heading, towing course and past track which was individually time stamped during data acquisition, was processed in real time on the ECDIS and displayed simultaneously on the ENC chart. The results indicated that after the separation of a marker buoy from Danish seiner, the averaged running speed of vessel and the averaged setting period while shooting the seine on the course of diamond shape to surround the fish school in the 23 fishing operations were 8.3 knots and 13.1 minutes, respectively. And with the maker buoy taken on board, the averaged running speed of vessel and the averaged towing period while closing the seine on the straight route was 1.0 knots and 47.0 minutes, respectively. After the closing stage of hand rope, the hand rope was towed by the averaged speed of 2.2 knots during the 13.0 minutes. The average area for route of diamond shape swept by sweep lines of the seine in 23 fishing grounds was $709,951.6m^2$. Further investigation is also planed to provide more quantitative tracking information and to achieve more effective surveillance and control of Danish seine vessels in EEZ fishing grounds.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 알파형 반수석고를 활용한 PHC 파일 콘크리트의 역학적 특성을 평가하였다. 알파형 반수석고의 치환율이 증가할수록 응결시간이 급격히 빨라졌으며, 특히 20 % 이상 치환 시 급격한 수화반응으로 응결시간이 단축되어 작업 시간 확보가 불가능하였다. 알파형 반수석고의 치환율이 증가할수록 ettringite와 Gypsum 피크가 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, ettringite 피크 증가로 인해 콘크리트의 수축량이 감소하는 것으로 판단된다. 알파형 반수석고 치환율 5~15 %에서는 OPC 대비 압축강도가 증가하거나 동등 수준으로 나타났으나 20 % 치환 시 급격한 응결로 인한 작업성이 저하되어 5~15 % 범위의 사용이 적절하다고 판단된다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제19권37호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1996

The amount of safety stock is decided from various information such as the forecasted demand, the lead time, the size of the order quantity and the desired service level. There are two cases to consider the problem of setting safety stock when both the demand in a period and the lead time are characterized as random variables: the first case is the parameters of the demand and lead time distributions are known, the second case is they are unknown and must be estimated. The objective of this study is to present the procedure for setting safety stocks in the case the parameters of the demand and lead time distributions are unknown and must be estimated. In this study, a simple exponential smoothing model is used. to generate the estimates of demand in each period and a discrete distribution of the lead time is developed from historical data, and the optimal service level is used which determined to consider both of a backorder and lost sale.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.103-104
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• 2021

This study attempted to confirm the possibility of estimating condensation time and initial compressive strength with five types of estimation needles in the existing Durometer D type. In order to determine the surface finishing operation time and develop a method for estimating the initial age compression strength, an estimation needle capable of complexly measuring the estimation time and the initial age compression strength based on the Durometer D type was derived as 1.5, 2.0mm.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2022

In this study, by analyzing the examination time for each procedure, the appropriate workload of radiologic technologist is analyzed based on the actual examination time in the current clinical setting by comparing with the examination time in the radiology field setting of the health insurance review and assessment service. In addition, this result is introduced into the calculation of relate value units; it was attempted to provide accurate and objective evidence in the field of radiology. From May 2020 to December 2021, the study retrospectively investigated the examination times recorded in the electronic medical record and picture archiving and communication system at 5 tertiary general hospitals and 1 general hospital. The total of 16 examination parts are applied in this study, including the head, sinuses, chest, ribs, abdomen, pelvis, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, femur, knee, and ankle. The minimum number of images that could be obtained per radiation generator was 3.6 images for one hour, and the maximum was 6.4 images. When 50% median of procedure time is calculated, the minimum number of images that could be obtained was 16.7 images and maximum was 35.3 images; in addition, minimum examination time is 1.7 minutes, and maximum time is 3.6 minutes. In conclusion, it is judged that there will be insufficient explanation time for basic infection instructions such as hand hygiene during the examinations in current clinical practice. It is believed that radiologic technologists will contribute to providing higher-quality of radiation examination services to the public by complying with guidelines for work and setting appropriate workload on their own.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1996

방울토마토 잠액 수경재배에 육묘단계를 생략한 재배기술을 확립하기 위하여 ‘Pico’, ‘Pepe’ 및 ‘Koko’ 3품종의 측지를 육묘상에서 15일간 육묘한 것과 양액 재배상에 바로 정식하고 양액의 농도를 표준과 50% 농도의 2수준으로 처리하여 생육상태와 수량을 조사하였다. 1. 직접정식이 육묘정식보다 초기 생육단계에서 초장이 길었고, 엽수가 많았으며 엽면적이 넓었다. 수확시기는 직접정식이 육묘정식보다 6일 정도 빨랐고 품종간에는 ‘Pepe’가 다른 2품종보다 빨랐으며 양액 농도간에는 차이가 없었다. 2. 과일 1개당 평균 무게는 정식묘가 양액의 농도에 따른 영향은 없었고 품종간에는 ‘Pepe’가 적었다. 그리고 수량은 표준농도의 양액에 직접 정식한 ‘Pepe’에서 가장 많았다. 3. 과즙의 당도는 직접 정식한 구가 육묘 정식한 구보다 높았고 품종간에는 ‘Pepe’가 높았다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.344-352
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• 2010

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 glass ionomer cement (GIC)와 혼합한 mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)의 경화 시간, 압축 강도, 용해도, pH를 평가하고 이것을 MTA, GIC, IRM, SuperEBA와 비교하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 경화 시간과 압축 강도는 ISO 9917, 그리고 용해도는 ISO 6876 기준에 따라 측정하였다. pH는 고체시편 전용 전극이 연결된 pH meter를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: GIC와 혼합한 MTA의 경화시간은 MTA보다 유의하게 짧았으며 압축 강도는 7일간 모든 시점에서 다른 재료보다 유의하게 낮았다. GIC와 혼합한 MTA 중에서 1 : 1과 2 : 1 시편의 용해도는 다른 실험군보다 유의하게 높았다. 또한 GIC와 혼합한 MTA의 pH는 혼합직후 2-4의 범위에서 1일 후 5-7 사이로 증가하였다. 결론: GIC와 혼합한 MTA의 경화시간은 MTA에 비해 개선되었으나 압축강도 및 pH와 같은 다른 성질들은 MTA에 비해 오히려 열등한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 임상적 사용이 가능하려면, MTA의 기존 장점을 저해하지 않으면서 단점을 개선하기 위한 적절한 혼합비를 찾아내고 생체친화성을 평가하는 추가적인 연구가 필수적이다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.344-353
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 mineral tiroxide aggregate의 긴 경화시간과 치아변색 등의 단점으로 인해 이를 대체하고자 최근 주목받고 있는 재료인 tricalcium silicate를 기반으로 한 치수복조제 중 Biodentine의 미세누출과 최종수복제로 가장 많이 쓰이는 composite resin간의 전단결합강도에 대하여 경화시간에 따른 차이를 비교 평가하는 것이다. 미세누출 평가를 위해 소 치아 70개를 이용하여 순면에 와동을 형성한 후 Biodentine을 충전하고 무작위로 10개씩 하위 군으로 나누어 12분, 45분, 24시간, 48시간, 1주일, 2주일, 1개월로 경화시간을 달리한 후 상방에 composite resin을 적용하여 시편을 제작하였다. 미세누출 평가를 위해 표본을 24시간 동안 0.5% fuchsin 용액에 침적한 뒤, 수세하고 건조하여 각 표본을 수주 하 디스크를 이용해 절반으로 나누어 20배의 비율로 실체현미경(Olympus SZ61, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan)을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 전단결합강도 평가를 위해 중심구를 가진 아크릴 레진 블록을 210개를 제작하고 중심구에 Biodentine을 채운 후 각각 30개씩 7개 군으로 나누어 12분, 45분, 24시간, 48시간, 1주일, 2주일, 1개월 경화시간 경과 후 상방에 composite resin을 적용하여 시편을 제작하였다. Universal testing machine을 이용하여 경화시간에 따른 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 연구결과, 미세누출에 있어서 24시간 이상 Biodentine 경화 후 상방에 composite resin 수복을 시행한 경우 미세누출을 최소화 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전단결합강도에 있어서도 Biodentine의 경화시간이 24시간 이상일 경우 composite resin의 중합수축을 상쇄할 수 있는 전단결합강도가 측정되었다. composite resin 수복 전 Biodentine을 24시간 이상 경화시키는 것이 임상적으로 더 나은 결과를 나타낼 것이다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.245-250
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• 2001

Ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV) is a useful tool for examining the property of early-age mortar or concrete. Thus, UPV has been used for a long time to characterize setting and hardening of cementitious materials. In this study, in order to investigate the characteristics of setting for mortar, UPV was measured using automatic monitoring system up to 3 days after casting. Test results show that UPV of high water to binder ratio(w/b) mortar remained constant at the beginning of hydration and then abruptly began to increase. However, UPV of low w/b mortar gradually increase due to setting retard caused by use of superplasticizer. Furthermore, the development of UPV for mortar with fly ash is slower than that of mortar without fly ash. It was concluded that the property change of mortar or concrete, such as setting and hardening can be assessed by monitoring of UPV.