• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.51.1-51.8
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• 2019

Purpose: It has been reported before that the amount of pharyngeal airway space (PAS) significantly decreases following mandibular setback (MS) surgery in patients with mandibular prognathism (MP). Further, MP patients with an anterior open-bite (AOB) presentation may show a larger decrease in PAS compared with those without AOB. However, studies on postoperative PAS changes in MP patients with AOB remain rare. This study sought to evaluate changes in PAS and hyoid bone positioning following MS surgery in MP patients with and without AOB. Patients and methods: Twenty patients who underwent two jaw surgery involving MS movement were included. Patients were divided into a non-AOB group (n = 10; overbite > 2 mm) and an AOB group (n = 10; overbite < - 4 mm). Three-dimensional changes in PAS and hyoid bone positioning were compared and statistically evaluated pre- and postoperatively using computed tomography (CT). Results: The mean magnitude of MS was 6.0 ± 2.8 mm and 5.6 ± 3.2 mm in the non-AOB group and AOB group, respectively. The oropharyngeal volume and upper hypopharyngeal volume were significantly reduced after surgery in both the groups (p = 0.006 and p = 0.003), while the retroglossal cross-sectional area was significantly reduced only in the AOB group (p = 0.028). Although the AOB group showed a larger decrease in PAS, the difference was not statistically significant between the groups. The position of the hyoid bone showed significant posterior and inferior displacement only in the AOB group, while the vertical displacement of the hyoid bone showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: PAS was significantly decreased after MS in both the groups, while only the AOB group presented a statistically significant reduction in the retroglossal cross-sectional area. Vertical displacement of the hyoid bone showed a statistically significant difference between the groups, while the PAS change was not. Surgeons should be aware of potential postoperative airway problems that may arise when performing MS surgeries.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2006

After orthognathic surgery in skeletal class III patients, the hyoid bone position and the upper airway dimension could be changed due to mandibular setback. There has been many studies about airway dimension of the patients with skeletal class II malocclusion or obstructive sleep apnea. but not with skeletal class III. The purpose of this study was to examine the change of position of the hyoid bone and the consequent change of airway space as the result of retrusion of mandible after orthognathic surgery in skeletal Cl III malocclusion patients. It is also to apply this results in predicting, diagnosing and treating the subsequent obstructive sleep apnea. Forty patients who were diagnosed as skeletal Cl III maloccusion, received orthoganthic surgery of both jaws including mandibular setback, and were followed up post-operatively for more than 6 months were selected. There were 10 male patients 30 female patients. The preoperative and postoperative lateral cephalograms were traced and the distances and angles were measured. The nasopharyngeal space increased postoperatively while the oropharyngeal space decreased. Except for the change of oroparyngeal space, the changes in male patients were greater than female patients. The hyoid bone moved in the posterior-inferior direction, and the change was greater in males than in females. If the postoperative mandibular setback is great, then a significant decrease of airway space and posterior and inferior movement of the hyoid bone were observed. This can result in symptoms related to obstructive sleep apnea. This result should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthognathic surgery patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2010

Introduction: To evaluate the skeletal stability after a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) setback of the mandible fixed with a biodegradable internal fixation device or metal internal fixation device. Materials and Methods: Thirty consecutive patients underwent mandibular setback via BSSO. Fifteen patients were fixed with a biodegradable internal fixation device or metal internal fixation device respectively. Posteroanterior (PA) and lateral cephalograms were taken preoperatively and at two days, 5.5 months and 14.5 months postoperatively. The relevant skeletal points were traced and digitized to evaluate the skeletal changes postoperatively. The relapse rates were analyzed and compared statistically. Results: There was no statistically significant differences in postoperative stability between the two groups.(P<0.05) Conclusion: The biodegradable internal fixation device may make an effective device alternative to a metal internal fixation device for setback BSSO.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2009

Cleft lip and palate patients show midface hypoplasia, maxillary hypoplasia due to scar of previous surgery, and manifest as a class III malocclusion, retruded midface and shallow palate. These deformities have been treated with traditional orthognathic surgery. Although conventional Le Fort I osteotomy was performed on most cleft patinets with midface hypoplasia, it showed limited amount of maxillary advancement and high relapse tendency. Recently, when great amount of advancement are required in severe maxillary hypoplasia, distraction osteogenesis using RED system is widely used. But, several months of consolidation period is needed after distraction osteogenesis, occlusal relationship is not stable until mandibular setback surgery has done in mandibular hyperplasia cases and during these period, patients may feel discomfort. We present clinical cases of immediate rigid internal fixation after completion of maxillary distraction using RED system and simultaneous mandibular setback procedure in adult cleft and lip patients who show both maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular prognathism.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2017

Objectives: This paper proposes Han's ratio as an objective and quantitative comparative result obtained from pre and postoperative data in patients with a mandibular angle reduction. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients, 12 men and 18 women, who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery with the chief complaints of skeletal mandibular prognathism and prominent mandibular angle were selected. The subjects were classified into 3 groups according to the types of surgical procedures involved. Group A consisted of patients who underwent mandibular angle resection and mandibular setback. Group B was comprised of patients with mandibular angle resection, mandibular setback and genioplasty. Group C consisted of patients with mandibular angle resection, mandibular setback, Le Fort I osteotomy, and genioplasty. The landmarks placed in pre and postoperative frontal photographs were used to obtain the Han's ratio in each group. The Han's ratios were compared pre- and postoperation and according to the surgical techniques applied. Results: Of the 3 groups who had undergone a mandibular angle resection, all showed a statistically significant increase in Han's ratio. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference based on the surgical techniques used. Conclusion: The ratio of the lateral lower face proposed in this study is a potential indicator of postoperative esthetic enhancement in mandibular angle reduction surgery.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.15.1-15.7
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• 2017

Background: This study constructed a partial-least-square path-modeling (PLS-PM) model and found the pathway by which the postsurgical vertical dimension (VD) affects the extent of the final mandibular setback on the B point at the posttreatment stage for the skeletal class III surgery-first approach (SFA). Methods: This study re-analyzed the data from the retrospective study by Lee et al. on 40 patients with skeletal class III bimaxillary SFA. Variables were obtained from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-generated cephalograms. Authors investigated all variables at each time point to build a PLS-PM model to verify the effect of the VD on the final setback of the mandible. Results: From PLS-PM, an increase in $VD_{10}$ was found to decrease the absolute value of the final setback amount of the mandible, which reflects the postsurgical physiological responses to both surgery and orthodontic treatment, which, in turn, can be interpreted as an increase in postoperative mandibular changes. Conclusions: To resolve the issue of collinear cephalometric data, the present study adopted PLS-PM to assess the orthodontic treatment. From PLS-PM, it was able to summarize the effect of increased postsurgery occlusal vertical dimension on the increased changeability of the B point position at the posttreatment stage.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1542-1548
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• 1999

아밀로오스 함량이 서로 다른 7가지(수원조, 수원 232. BG276-5, IR44, IR41999-139, 수원230, 용주벼) 쌀품종에 대해 입자크기$(106-425\;{\mu}m)$에 따른 쌀가루의 일반성분, 아밀로그램 특성, 수분흡수지수 및 수분용해지수 등을 조사하였다. 아밀로오스 함량은 수원조가 27.1%로 가장 높았고, 용주벼는 17.2%로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 단백질 함량은 수원조가 11.4%로 가장 높았고 IR44가 6.8%로 가장 낮았다. Pin mill을 이용하여 일정한 조건에서 분쇄한 쌀가루의 입자크기에 따른 단백질 함량은 입자크기가 감소함에 따라 감소하였다. 모든 품종에서 입자크기가 감소함에 따라 백색도는 증가하였으며 b값 및 ${\Delta}E$값은 감소하였다. 입자크기에 따른 아밀로그래프 특성은 모든 품종에서 입자크기가 감소할수록 호화개시온도는 감소하였으나 최고점도, 냉각시의 점도, breakdown 및 total setback은 증가하였다. 그러나 setback의 값은 입자크기에 따라 일정치 않았다. 최고 점도는 품종별로 입자크기가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 정도가 많은 차이를 보여주었다. 수분흡수지수 및 수분용해지수는 입자크기가 감소하고 온도가 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 품종간에도 차이를 보여주었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.733-741
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• 1997

하악전돌증 환자의 하악골 후퇴수술로 골격적인 변화뿐 아니라 연조직에서의 변화가 동시에 일어나는데, 외부적으로 나타나는 안모 연조직의 심미적 변화와 더불어 구강내의 가동성 및 비가동성 연조직에도 영향을 미친다. 전북대학교병원 치과교정과에 하악전돌증을 주소로 내원한 환자중 수술전 교정치료를 받고 하악골만 양측성 하악지시상골절단술로 후퇴시킨 환자 38명의 수술전, 수술직후, 수술 약 1년후의 측모 두부계측방사선 사진의 투사도를 작성하고 FH plane과 pterygoid vertical plane(PTV)을 reference plane으로 사용하여 연속된 측모 두부계측방사선 사진을 중첩시켰다. 수술후 변화된 인두부 깊이와 혀, 연구개, 설골 등의 위치 변화를 위한 길이측정과 구인두부 기도공간 면적을 측정하기 위해 각 경계선을 디지타이저(Kurta digitizer XGT, Kurta Co., USA)로 컴퓨터에 입력하고 AutoCAD 프로그램으로 계측하였다. 하악골 후퇴수술이 구인두부 기도공간에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였으며 구강내 각 구조물들의 위치변화와 각 항목들의 상호관계성을 조사하였다. 1. 구인두부 기도공간은 하악전돌증 환자의 하악골 후퇴수술후 감소되며 연속적으로 감소를 유지하고 있다(p<0.05). 2. Xi 점과 제2경추 수준에서 인두의 깊이는 수술전과 비교해 수술후 유의하게 감소되었으며 감소된 채로 유지된다(p<0.05). 이 수준에서의 인두부 깊이 감소는 구인두부 기도공간과 밀접한 관련이 있다(p<0.01). 3. 제3경추와 제4경추 수준의 인두부 깊이는 수술후와 연속되는 관찰기간에도 유의하게 감소하지 않았다. 4. 설골은 수술후 하방으로 이동하였으나(p<0.05), 연속되는 관찰기간 동안 원래의 위치로 회귀되는 경향을 보였다. 5. 혀의 길이와 높이 그리고 후두개 기저의 위치는 유의하게 변화하지 않았다. 6. 연구개는 수술후 후방으로 변위하며 혀의 후방변위로 연속적으로 후방위치된 채 남아 있다(p<0.05). 연구개의 변위는 구인두부 기도공간의 면적과 유의한 상관관계를 가지며 인두후벽과의 거리는 감소되었다(p<0.01). 7. 구인두 기도공간의 감소는 후두개첨 상방부에서 수술에 의한 혀의 후방변위에 기인하며 계속 감소가 유지되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.343-355
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• 2000

본 연구는 과도한 하안면 고경을 동반하는 하악전돌증 환자의 악교정수술시 하악골후퇴 술과 이부 감소 성형술을 동시에 시행한 경우의 경조직과 연조직의 변화에 대해 살펴보고, 그 상관성을 평가하여 향후 진단시 보조자료로서 사용하고자 시행되었다. 골격성 III급 부정 교합으로 진단되어 술전 교정치료를 받고 하악골 후퇴술만을 시행한 성인 환자 20명을 대조군(A군)으로, 안모의 수평적 및 수직적 부조화가 심한 골격성 III급 부정교합으로 진단되어 술전 교정치료를 받고 하악골 후퇴술과 이부 감소 성형술을 함께 시행한 성인 환자 20명을 실험군(B군)으로 하였다. 두 군의 경조직 변화에 대한 연조직 변화 양상과, 경조직 변화에 따른 연조직의 이동 비율을 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. A, B군 모두에서 경조직의 후방 이동과 하안면 하부 2/3의 연조직(Ils, Pog', Me')의 수평적 변화는 높은 상관성을 보였으며, B군에서는 A군에서보다 Ls, Stm, Li의 수평적 변화에도 중등도 이상의 상관성을 보였다. 2. B군의 경조직의 수직 이동에 따른 연조직의 수직적 변화의 상관성은 Point B-Ils, Me-Me'을 제외하고는 A군보다 적은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 경조직의 변화에 대한 연조직의 변화율을 비교해 보면, B군의 경우Pog'의 후방이동 비율이 A군에서보다 적게 나타났고, B군의 Ils, Pog', Me'의 상방이동 비율은 각각 32%, 54%, 60%로 나타났다. 4. 안면의 수직 고경에 대해서는 A, B군 모두에서 하안면 고경의 유의한 감소로 전안면 고경에 대한 하안면 고경의 비율이 감소하였으나, B군에서는 하안면 상부 1/3(Sn-Stm)의 비율은 변화 양상이 유의성있게 나타나지 않았다. 5. 이부 감소 성형술은 하악후퇴술과 함께 시행시 하안면 상부 1/3(Sn-Stm)의 안모비율에 대한 변화가 적고, 하안면 하부 2/3(St-Me')의 고경을 감소시킬 수 있는 술식이다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.908-918
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• 2007

To prepare ready-to-use rice flour as de novo material for processed rice foods, glutinous(W) and normal rice grains (N) were soaked for 1, 8, and 12 hours prior to processing. One half (DG) was air-dried and milled, and the other (WG) was milled and air-dried. General, morphological and pasting properties of the flours (NDG, NWG, WDG, WWG) were compared to those of a control (raw milled rice without soaking). The general compositions of the rice flours varied with soaking. Crude ash was considerably decreased at the beginning of soaking (1 hour). With the soaking, the rice flour, having polygonal shaped particles and a layered surface, acquired particles with smooth edges, which were then uniformly distributed. Additionally, the WG flour was lighter and had a lower ${\Delta}E$ value than the DG flour, due to a higher L and less +b as a result of soaking. Compared to the control, the WBC of the normal rice flour was decreased significantly with soaking, and the WG flour had significantly lower WBCs than the DG flour. Stirring number (SN), an indicator of ${\alpha}-amylase$ activity, was highly and significantly correlated with WBC (r=-0.85, p=0.0001) in the normal rice flour. At $80^{\circ}C$, the SP and solubility of all the soaked rice flours were much higher than those of the control. Positive (r=+0.85, p=0.0001) and negative (r=-0.61, p=0.02) correlations between the SP and solubility of the normal and glutinous rice flours were found, respectively. Using RVA, the pasting temperature of NDG was lower than that of NWG (p<0.0001). The peak viscosities of all the soaked flours were significantly decreased with soaking (p<0.0l), with the highest viscosity in the normal rice flour soaked for 8 hrs. Total setback, indicative of retrogradation, was lower in NDG than in NWG, with the lowest setback at 8 hrs of' soaking. Based on these finding, the NDG flour with 8 hrs of soaking was less damaged, and had a lower total setback and lower pasting temperature, which would make it an appropriate rice flour for commercial mass production.