• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.5-13
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• 2010

Objectives : Herniated lumbar intervertebral disc is common reason causing back pain. Lumbar stabilization exercise prevent back pain recurrence by strengthening lumbar muscles. Sling Exercise Therapy(SET) is a system for spinal muscle stabilization and strengthening using fixed string and mobile band. The purpose of this study is to investigate and measure the effectiveness of SET and oriental medicine for Herniated lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods : The subjects for this study are 40 patients suffering from Herniated lumbar intervertebral disc in our clinic. They were measured and compared by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), 4 grades of recovery degree and sex, age, period of disease, disc herniation type, times of exercise. Results : In the above index, the score(VAS, 4 grades of recovery degree) improved after treatments. But they make no difference between sex, age, period of disease, disc herniation type and times of exercise. Conclusions : These results suggest that SET may be used for Herniated lumbar intervertebral disc for pain management and muscle strengthening as an essential treatment regardless of sex, age, period of disease and disc herniation type.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.333-336
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• 1999

Current season's shoots on 2-year-old branches of 'Fuji' and 'Jonagold' apple trees were heading back pruned to 5 leaves from early May to mid July at about 12-day intervals. The summer heading back pruning induced regrowth on the pruned shoots with different responses between the two cultivars. Generally, greater regrowth occurred on the pruned shoots of 'Fuji' trees than on those of 'Jonagold', irrespective of the time of the heading cut. The shoots of 'Fuji' trees pruned in late May or in June exhibited greater regrowth compared with those pruned in early May or in July, whereas the summer heading back pruning in June resulted in the greatest regrowth for 'Jonagold'. The heading cut induced terminal flower bud formation on the pruned shoots, the percentage of which was higher in 'Fuji' than in 'Jonagold'. The highest percentages of terminal flower bud formation for 'Fuji' and 'Jonagold' were obtained with the heading cut in late May and in mid June, respectively. Percent flowering of the buds was similar in both cultivars, but percent fruit set was slightly higher in 'Fuji' than in 'Jonagold'. The time of the heading cut did not affect percent fruit set in both cultivars. Our results demonstrate that summer heading back pruning of current season's shoots induces regrowth and terminal flower bud formation therefrom when done at appropriate time, but the specific responses to the heading cut are cultivardependent.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.85-111
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• 2016

Global semiconductor companies is investing enormous capital worldwide. And direct investment in China is increasing greatly these days, Especially, global semiconductor companies are setting up a factory in China due to expanding market rather than utilizing low labor cost. Therefore, this study is trying to analyze the background and process of direct investment from global Korean and Taiwanese semiconductor companies in China. Firstly, In 1996, Samsung semiconductor established a back end process factory in Suzhou. And in 2014, Samsung semiconductor set up a front and back end factory in Xian. Secondly, In 2006, SK Hynix built a front and back end factory in Wuxi. and SK Hynix set up a back end factory named Hitech semiconductor with Chinese company in 2009. Later in 2015, SK Hynix established a back end factory in Chongqing. Thirdly, In 2004, TSMC started to operate a factory in Shanghai, and in 2018, TSMC is going to establish a factory in Nanjing. Lastly, UMC bought a stock to produce product in Chinese local company named HJT, and at the end of 2016, UMC is going to finish building a factory in Xiamen. As a result, it was proved that most companies hoped to expand the chinese market by setting up a factory in china. In addition, Samsung expected to avoid a risk by setting up a factory in china, and SK Hynix wanted to avoid a countervailing duty by setting up a factory in china. Based on the result of this study, this study indicates some implications for other semiconductor companies which are very helpful for their future foreign direct investment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.265-276
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• 2004

The purpose of this study,was to find out health status, characteristics related to working conditions, occurrence of low back pain and its related factors among dental hygienists working in dental clinics, and, thus, to provide basic information necessary to set up some plans for preventing the occurrence of low back pains and improving working conditions for dental hygienists. The data were collected from 310 dental hygienists working at dental clinics in Pusan and Kyungnam area, including Masan, Changwon, Jinhae and Jinju, with a self-administered questionnaire and were analyzed finally for 295 records with SPSS for Windows(7.52K) program. The results were as follows : Working condition was considered to be fair by 562% of dental hygienists were thought to threaten their health in the dental clinics. About seventy percent of dental hygienists worked over ten hours a day and 72.8% were standing while working over 7 hours, 65% considered working hours too long. Health status was thought be more than average for 82.3% while more than half perceived certain degree of stress frequently. The rate of complaining low back pains among dental hygienists was 87.8% with pains more than medium level for 39.3%. The variables significantly related to the degree of low back pains were height, uncomfortable postures, type of working postures and the height of working table, while some variables including height, hours of working on the feet, the presence of hazardous work environment, uncomfortable postures, the presence of hazardous works, the amount of working hours, type of working postures and work-associated stresses, were significantly related to the number of symptoms for low back pains. Multiple regression analysis showed that occurrence of low back pains was significantly influenced by 5 factors such as subjective status of health, work-related stresses, the degree of perception to work environment, the degree of perception to the amount of working hours and age. In conclusion, it might be necessary to manage working conditions effectively by reducing working hours, making good postures while working and removing stressful conditions in order to reduce risk factors for the occurrence of low back pains among dental hygienists. Therefore good working postures, assignment of appropriate rest time and some programs for early detection, care and education of low back pains should be provided for the dental hygienists.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.459-469
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between body-types and skirt-patterns by analyzing various fitting conditions of the skirt patterns in relation to the body-types. To achieve this, fitting tests were done on six types of skirt-patterns. The tests included four body-types selected according to the existing classification of the types of under part of the body. Sensory tests were performed on the existing patterns and new drafting method based on the results of the fitting tests. The results of the fitting tests and sensory test are as follows. 1. The existing skirt-patterns were relatively well-fitted except for certain parts in standard somatotype (body-type A). 2. The new drafting method, designed on the basis of the fitting test on the existing patterns, scored high on all of the eighteen items included in the test This signifies the excellence of the new drafting method. 3. In the case of the allocation between the front and the back, which is the difference between the educational patterns and industrial patterns, the best silhouette was achieved when the hip-line and the waist-line were same sized both in the back and in the front. However, in the case of body-type D it was better when there was a 1cm difference between the back and the front. 4. The number of darts that best fits young persons were found to be eight, to keep their side hip-curve smooth. Further, it is desirable to set the center line of the dart as the vertical waist-line. 5. The best length of the darts were determined to be 12.5cm, 11ch in the back, and 11cm, 9.5cm in the front. Adjustments would be made according to the differing body-types in the range of 0.5cm. 6. The lowerness of the back waist-line for the normal was determined at 1.5cm, with some variations in other body-types. 7. The front waist-line was needed to be 1cm lowered in the case of body-type B, whereas, in the case of body-type D, it was needed to be 1cm raised.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

Objectives : This study is planned to classify different biomechanics of men and women, from the comparison of normal range and hip internal rotation angle in chronic low back pain patients. Methods : We measured the hip internal rotation angle of the 30 men and 30 women patients with low back pain that has been over 3 months in BuCheon Jaseng Hospital of Oriental medicine. We set 35-45 degrees as normal range, and found the patients with exceeding normal range, the patients with normal range, and the patients with under normal range. Results : Men appeared to have less hip internal rotation angle than women. Especially, the men's left hip internal rotation angle was less than normal range. On the other hand, women's right hip internal rotation angle was often larger than normal range which was stastically significant. Conclusions : Contraction of hip external rotation muscle including gluteus maxius muscle and piriformis muscle in men, or relaxation of posterior gluteus medius, gluteus maxius and piriformis muscle with contraction of tensor fasciae latae, a part of hip internal rotation muscle, in women seems to be the basis for biomechanics of chronic low back pain.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.705-711
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• 2013

In this paper, we introduce an design of multi-output fuzzy neural networks based on Interval Type-2 fuzzy set. The proposed Interval Type-2 fuzzy set-based fuzzy neural networks with multi-output (IT2FS-based FNNm) comprise the network structure generated by dividing the input space individually. The premise part of the fuzzy rules of the network reflects the individuality of the division space for the entire input space and the consequent part of the fuzzy rules expresses three types of polynomial functions with interval sets such as constant, linear, and modified quadratic inference for pattern recognition. The learning of fuzzy neural networks is realized by adjusting connections of the neurons in the consequent part of the fuzzy rules, and it follows a back-propagation algorithm. In addition, in order to optimize the network, the parameters of the network such as apexes of membership functions, uncertainty factor, learning rate and momentum coefficient were automatically optimized by using real-coded genetic algorithm. The proposed model is evaluated with the use of numerical experimentation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2007

The new insecticidal active molecules from the based on the holographic quantitative structure-activity relationships (HQSAR) between a series of $1-(R_1)-2-(n-octyl)-3-(R_2)$, $3-(R_3)-pseudothiourea$ derivatives and their insecticidal activities against Diamond-back moth (Plutella Xylostella Linnaeus) were designed and discussed quantitatively. The most active molecule from the based graphical analyses of atomic contribution maps with the optimized HQSAR C-1 model ($q^2=0.764$ & $r^2{ncv}=0.942$) was 1-(n-butyl)-2-(t-butyl)-3,3-diisopropylpseudothiourea (P1: $pI_{50}=5.30$, $IC_{50}=1.397ppm$). Therefore, it is suggested that the new designed molecule would increased the activity as much as 23.5 times as compared to X=n-octyl substituent 17($pI_{50}=4.00$, $IC_{50}=32.86ppm$) which was the highest active molecule in training set compounds.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2003

Temperature and humidity forecasting have been performed using artificial neural networks model(ANN). We composed ANN with multi-layer perceptron which is 2 input layers, 2 hidden layers and 1 output layer. Back propagation algorithm was used to train the ANN. 6 nodes and 12 nodes in the middle layers were appropriate to the temperature model for training. And 9 nodes and 6 nodes were also appropriate to the humidity model respectively. 90% of the all data was used learning set, and the extra 10% was used to model verification. In the case of temperature, average temperature before 15 minute and humidity at present constituted input layer, and temperature at present constituted out-layer and humidity model was vice versa. The sensitivity analysis revealed that previous value data contributed to forecasting target value than the other variable. Temperature was pseudo-linearly related to the previous 15 minute average value. We confirmed that ANN with multi-layer perceptron could support pollutant dispersion model by computing meterological data at real time.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.3B
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• pp.199-206
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• 2006

In this paper, we analyzed the weakness of the Back-door type private network which was effective method of system security and transmission speed in the same area without firewall system, and presented the solution to improve it. To prove the effect of this solution, Windows based systems and UNIX based systems are set up in same area, data transmission was tried. According to the result, this solution can maintain the advantage of the Back-door type private network and can have the advantage of removing file server and increasing operation efficiency by reducing the number of operation.