• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.131-139
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• 2001

The use of fracture mechanics has traditionally concentrated on crack growth under an opening mechanism. However, many service failure occur from cracks subjected to mixed mode loadings. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the fatigue behavior under mixed mode loading. Under mixed mode loading conditions, not only the fatigue crack propagation rate is of importance, but also the crack propagation direction. The mode I and II stress intensity factors of CTS specimen were calculated using elastic finite element method. The propagation behavior of the fatigue crack of the STS304 steeds under mixed mode loading condition was evacuated by using stress intensity factors $K_I$ and $K_II. The MTS criterion and effective stress intensity factor were applied to predict the crack propagation direction and the fatigue crack propagation rate.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.126-142
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• 2021

Purpose - This study discusses the effects of human capital in the formation of GVC linkages. We also investigate GVC intensity between Korea and ASEAN. Design/methodology - To solve the doubling-counting problem in evaluating comparative advantage, RCA has been re-computed using domestic value-added (henceforth RCA_VA) at the country-sector level instead of value of trade. The impact of human capital on GVC intensity was empirically analyzed by establishing a panel data set with four industries (ISIC Rev. 4) in eight ASEAN countries from 2005 to 2015 from OECD-TiVA and WDI. Findings - The empirical results show that human capital has a negative effect on GVC intensity in the agriculture and manufacture industries, while it has a positive effect in the service and information industries. The results do not mean that low human capital is a barrier and inefficient to GVC linkages. Low Value-added activities may be more profitable to some emerging countries. These findings suggest that it is important to accurately identify the competitive elements to increase gains from trade under the GVC. Also, it shows that comparative advantages can be misled by an RCA index evaluated in trade volume under the GVC. Originality/value - This study highlights the importance of human capital as a factor for the efficient formation of Global Value Chain (GVC). This study has different from the literature in analyzing the role of human capital in formation of linkage of the GVC. And we clarify the changing patterns of trade by removing the double-counting problem under the GVC.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.476-481
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• 2019

Background: Mystery shopping is a method in which a company monitors quality of service and employee conduct and compliance with regulations using an evaluator posing as a customer. It is a typical tool of customer-centered bureaucratic control insofar as it provides overall and standardized evaluation of intangible elements of customer service as well as physical elements of service environments. The purpose of this study is to examine how mystery shopping is related to the health status of service workers in South Korea. Methods: Data from semistructured interviews with 15 workers were collected from January to April 2019 to obtain information on service worker experiences with mystery shopping. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method. Results: Mystery shopping limits worker autonomy and stiffens the workplace environment by standardizing and monitoring labor processes for service workers. In addition, mystery shopping heightens work stress through increased labor intensity. Five mechanisms by which mystery shopping affects service worker health are identified and comprise (1) multifaceted and multilayered surveillance, (2) evaluator subjectivity and irrational requirements, (3) standardized rules combined with high pressure to achieve sales, (4) self-esteem degradation because of evaluator results, and (5) musculoskeletal disorders because of strict adherence to labor processes based on evaluator results. Conclusion: Mystery shopping as an evaluation method should be reconsidered not only in terms of health problems but also in terms of organizational efficiency and issues of human rights.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effect of an integrated care service which included a combination of oriental and western care on health outcomes in elderly patients with degenerative arthritis. Methods: A prospective comparative design was used. Data were collected from May 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009 from 85 elderly patients with degenerative arthritis in the lower extremities who were followed in a hospital out-patient department for 8 weeks. The integrated care service group (n=36) received a combination of physical therapy, acupuncture, western medicines or herbal medicines, and the western care group (n=49) received physical therapy or western medicines. Functional independence, walking speed, rotation balance, pain intensity, service satisfaction and total medical costs for the two groups were compared at 8 weeks. Results: Functional independence (t=2.14, p=.036) and walking speed (t=2.51, p=.014) improved significantly in the integrated care group while pain intensity improved significantly in the western care group (t=3.35, p=.002). The integrated care group reported higher scores for service satisfaction (t=2.09, p=.041) and higher medical costs than the western care group (t=2.15, p=.035). Conclusion: The results suggest that integrated care services are effective modalities to improve mobility and quality of life for elders with degenerative arthritis.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.83-103
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of customer-contact employees support on service recovery efforts. Service companies should try to prevent the service failure situation from occurring, but it is realistic that the service failure occurs due to the characteristics of the service. Service recovery efforts of service providers are important because effective responses to service failures can enhance customer satisfaction despite service failures. Social support for customer-contact employees needs to improve service recovery efforts. Specifically, this study focuses on the mediation roles of job burnout and customer orientation in relationship between social support for customer-contact employees and service recovery efforts. Social exchange theory was used as the theoretical underpinning of the research model. Based on reciprocity principle, this paper suppose that support for customer-contact employees and service recovery effort are a kind of social exchange relationship. Social supports for customer-contact employees are categorized into internal and external organization. Internal organization is POS(perceived organizational support) and external organization is customer support. The research model was tested with the data gathered from the flight attendants whose emotional labor intensity was relatively high and the service failure frequently occurred. As a result of analysis, social supports for customer-contact employees classified into organizational support, supervisor support, and customer support are found to have differential impacts on job burnout and customer orientation. It has been found that job burnout of service providers is negatively affecting service recovery efforts. On the other hand, customer orientation of service providers has a positive influence on service recovery efforts. Based on the results of the analysis, we provide practical implications for effective service recovery efforts in service failure situations, and suggest the theoretical implications to explain the process of service recovery effort. Finally, limitations of the study and directions for future research are suggested.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.278-284
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• 2021

Background: Osteoporosis is a disease that affects the quality of life and imposes a high socioeconomic burden. Studies have reported that statins, a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, have a positive or negative effect on osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between statins and osteoporosis risk. Methods: We used the total patient sample data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA-NPS-2018). We analyzed the prevalence of osteoporosis in adult patients of Korea who were diagnosed with dyslipidemia and were prescribed statins at the same time. The odds ratio (OR) according to the intensity and type of statin was used to confirming the prevalence. Results: Among the 1,138,899 patients included in the study, 143,895 patients used statins and 27,524 patients (19.13%) were diagnosed with osteoporosis in the statin group. The OR value of statin group was 0.96 (95% CI 0.94-0.98), confirming that the prevalence of osteoporosis decreased, and a significant decrease was seen in all statin intensity. Some of the moderate-intensity statins rather increased the prevalence of osteoporosis, but atorvastatin and rosuvastatin obtained positive results at both medium- and high-intensity doses, and lovastatin, a low-intensity statin, showed the greatest reduction in the prevalence of osteoporosis. Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of osteoporosis was reduced in the statin group, and there was a constant correlation regardless of gender or age. However, a large, prospective, double-blind and randomized study is needed for a long period of time to demonstrate the effectiveness of statins.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.181-187
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• 2005

This paper proposes and implements a service model to transfer messages safely for PDA on CDMA wireless network and a secure massage transfer protocol which considers characteristics of PDA. Proposed service uses SMS(Short Message Service) connect to a off-line client device with the wired network for data communication. After receiving SMS message, client device processes the SMS message and creates a data channel through RAS(Remote Access Service), then the data of the server can be pushed to clients. The implemented security protocol can provide safe data transmission on each communication line through two way channels(SMS and data). Also, by using security nonce table, this protocol can reduce a number of transmissions for exchanging a safe session key, so intensity of encryption can be increased.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.101-123
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• 2011

In this study, we examined the effects of high-performance work system(HPWS) on healthcare staffs' patient orientation and perceived service quality. To investigate the causalities of the factors such as HPWS, patient orientation, and perceived service quality, we collected national wide samples of 721 healthcare staffs from 144 hospitals. We deployed reliability analysis(Cronbach ${\alpha}$) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) for the factors. With 4 proposed hypotheses, we fabricated a structural equation model with AMOS 7.0 and examined the validity of the hypotheses. Followed were findings of this study. First, the healthcare staffs' perceptions of HPWS in hospital settings were positively linked to the perceived service quality. Second, the intensity of HPWS also influenced the healthcare staffs' patient orientation. Third, the perceptions of patient orientation were positively linked to the perceptions of service quality. Fourth, HPWS were linked to healthcare staffs` perceptions of service quality both directly and indirectly through their perceptions of patient orientation. These findings implied that HPWS would be a way of survival in drastically changing hospital environments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2012

Rainfall is widely recognized as a major landslide-triggering factor. Most of the latest landslides that occurred in South Korea were caused by short-duration heavy rainfall. However, the relationship between rainfall characteristics and landslide occurrence is poorly understood. To examine the effect of rainfall on landslide occurrence, cumulative rainfall(mm) and rainfall intensity(mm/hr) of serial rain and antecedent rainfall(mm) were analyzed for 18 landslide events that occurred in the southern and central regions of South Korea in June and July 2011. It was found that all of these landslides occurred by heavy rainfall for one or three days, with the rainfall intensity exceeding 30 mm/hr or with a cumulative rainfall of 200 mm. These plotted data are beyond the landslide warning criteria of Korea Forest Service and the critical line of landslide occurrence for Gyeongnam Province. It was also found that the time to landslide occurrence after rainfall start(T) was shortened with the increasing average rainfall intensity(ARI), showing an exponential-decay curve, and this relation can be expressed as "T = $94.569{\cdot}exp$($-0.068{\cdot}ARI$)($R^2$=0.64, p<0.001)". The findings in this study may provide important evidences for the landslide forecasting guidance service of Korea Forest Service as well as essential data for the establishment of non-structural measures such as a warning and evacuation system in the face of sediment disasters.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1689-1694
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• 2008

The ability to detect Salmonella spp. is essential in the prevention of foodborne illness. This study examined a Salmonella spp. detection method involving the application of immunomagnetic separation and immunoliposomes (IMS/IL) encapsulating sulforhodamine B (SRB), a fluorescent dye. A quantitative assay was conducted by measuring the fluorescence intensity of SRB that was produced from an immunomagnetic bead-Salmonella spp.-immunoliposome complex. The results indicated detection limits of $2.7{\times}10^{5}$ and $5.2{\times}10^{3}$ CFU/ml for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Salmonella enterka subsp. enterka serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), respectivley. The signal/noise ratio was improved by using 4% skim milk as a wash solution rather than 2% BSA. In addition, higher fluorescence intensity was obtained by increasing the liposome size. Compared with the conventional plating method, which takes 3-4 days for the isolation and identification of Salmonella spp., the total assay time of to h only including 6 h of culture enrichment was necessary for the Salmonella detection by IMS/IL. These results indicate that the IMS/ IL has great potential as an alternative rapid method for Salmonella detection.