• Title/Summary/Keyword: serum zinc

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Effect of Dietary Zinc Levels on Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats (식이성 아연 수준이 카드뮴 중독에 미치는 영향)

  • 조수열;김명주
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.574-580
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    • 1994
  • The effect of dietary zinc(Zn) levels on cadmium (Cd)-induced hepatotoxicity was studied in serum and liver of rats. Adult male Spraque-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing one of three levels of zinc carbonate(0, 56, $560\mu\textrm{g}/kg$ diet) and Cd-treated groups were administrated oral intubation with cadmium chloride 95.0 mg/kg of body weight) at the sametime once a week. Net weight gain (NWG), feed intake (FI) and feed effciiency ratio (FER) in Zn deficiency groups significantly decreased as compared to that of control and excessive groups. Cd oral intubation caused a decrease in NWG and FI but an increase in Zn deficiency group in FER. GSH-Px, GST and catalase activity showed significant decrease in Zn deficiency and Zn excessive group. LPO content in liver significantly increased in Zn deficiency group. Cd oral intubation increased the content of LPO in Zn deficiency group as compared to control. GSH content and GST activity of hepatic tissue significantly decreased in Zn deficiency and excessive group. The activity of AST and ALT in serum were markedly increased in Zn deficiency, Zn excessive and Cd-treated groups. LDH and ALP activities significantly increased in Cd-treated group while ALP activity decreased by Zn deficiency. It was observed that the livers of rats exposed to Cd and Zn excessive group showed a marked increase of hepatic enzyme as compare to only Cd-treated in rats.

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Effectiveness of zinc protoporphyrin/heme ratio for screening iron deficiency in preschool-aged children

  • Yu, Kyeong-Hee
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.40-45
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    • 2011
  • Hemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) tests are commonly used to screen for iron deficiency, but little research has been done to systematically evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of these two tests. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of zinc protoporphyrin/heme (ZPP/H) ratio as a point-of-service screening test for iron deficiency among preschool-aged children by comparing the sensitivity and specificity of hemoglobin, ZPP/H ratio, and serum ferritin (SF). Also completed were assessments for the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with indicators of ferritin models. This study was carried out with 95 children ages 3 to 6 y. Anthropometric measurements were assessed and blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin, SF, transferrin saturation (TS), and ZPP. Anemia was common and the prevalences of anemia, ID, and IDA were 14.7%, 12.6%, and 5.2%, respectively. The ZPP/H ratio was strongly and significantly correlated with hemoglobin. And ZPP/H ratio was a more sensitive test for ID than hemoglobin or SF measurement, correctly identifying more than twice as many iron-deficient children (sensitivity of 91.7%, compared to 41.7% for hemoglobin and SF). However, ZPP/H ratio had lower specificity (60.2%, compared to 89.1% for hemoglobin or 96.4% for SF) and resulted in the false identification of more subjects who actually were not iron deficient than did hemoglobin or SF. Low hemoglobin concentration is a late-stage indicator of ID, but ZPP/H ratio can detect ID at early stages and can be performed easily at a relatively low cost. Therefore, ZPP/H ratio can serve as a potential screening test for pre-anemic iron deficiency in community pediatric practices.

Dispersion Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Ionic and Non-ionic Isotonic Solution (이온성 및 비이온성 등장액 용매에서 산화아연나노입자의 분산 특성)

  • Choi, Jonghye;Kim, Hyejin;Park, Kwangsik
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.57 no.4
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    • pp.282-288
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    • 2013
  • Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are widely used in a variety of products and cosmetic products including paper, paints, plastics and sunscreen. However, information on the safety of ZnONPs are not enough and many publications suggest possible toxic effects on environmental and human health. Furthermore, physico-chemical characteristics of nanoparticles makes it hard to test toxicity using the test guidelines of chemicals adopted by regulatory bodies. In this study, stability of ZnONPs was investigated using different types of isotonic solution, which is important in the toxicity study of intravenous route. Precipitation, aggregation, size, zeta potential and morphology of ZnONPs were evaluated with different times and concentrations. Precipitation of ZnONPs were observed in ionic isotonic solution including phosphate-buffered saline, Kreb's-Ringer solution, physiological salt solution and cell culture media of DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) with 10% fetal bovine serum. On the other hand, they were stable without precipitation in non-ionic isotonic solution such as 5% glucose and 2% glycerol, respectively, which are biocompatible for intravenous injection. The average size of ZnONPs in 5% glucose and 2% glycerol was stably maintained, which is less than 30 nm and very similar as that in water dispersion of ZnONPs, provided by the manufacturer. The stability was maintained during the experimental period of 5 days and diluted state up to 15,000 ppm. These data suggest that 5% glucose and 2% glycerol solution can be used for the vehicles of ZnONPs in the toxicity study of intravenous injection route.

Dietary Intakes, Serum Concentrations, and Urinary Excretions of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr of Korean Young Adult Women (일부 젊은 성인여자의 Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo 및 Cr의 식사섭취, 혈청농도 및 소변배설)

  • Kim, Kyune-Hee;Lim, Hyeon-Sook
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.39 no.8
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    • pp.762-772
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to investigate dietary intakes, serum concentrations, and urinary excretions of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr) of Korean young adult women. A total of 19 apparently healthy young adult women aged in their twenties or thirties participated voluntarily. One-tenth of all foods they consumed for 3 consecutive days were collected, all urine excreted for the same 3 days was gathered, and fasting venous blood was withdrawn for the trace mineral analyses. Of the food, blood, and urine samples, the contents of Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and that of Fe by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) after wet digestion. The intake of Fe, $6.94{\pm}2.18mg$, did not meet the estimated average requirement (EAR) for Korean women aged 20-29 years old. On the contrary, the intakes of Zn ($9.35{\pm}4.95mg$), Cu ($1.18{\pm}0.26mg$), and Mn ($3.69{\pm}0.69mg$) were sufficient for each respective EAR. However, some of the subjects did not take the EAR for Zn. The Se intake, $41.93{\pm}9.28{\mu}g$, however, was almost similar to the EAR for Se. Although there are no references for Mo and Cr, the intakes of these minerals ($134.0{\pm}49.1\;and\;136.5{\pm}147.9{\mu}g$, respectively) seemed to be excessively sufficient. Serum Fe concentration, $88.7{\pm}36.8{\mu}g/dL$, seemed to be a little bit lower than its reference median but within its normal range. Approximately one-fourth of the subjects were in anemic determined by Hb and Hct and below the deficiency serum level of Fe, $60{\mu}g/dL$. In addition, serum Se concentration, $3.73{\pm}0.60{\mu}g/dL$, was also below its reference median and normal range. However, serum concentrations of Zn ($99.6{\pm}30.6{\mu}g/dL$) and Mo ($0.25{\pm}0.10{\mu}g/dL$) were fairly good compared to each reference median. The status of Cu could be determined as good although its serum concentration ($91.6{\pm}14.6{\mu}g/dL$) was slightly below its reference median. Since there are no decisive reference values, it was not easy to evaluate serum concentrations of Mn ($0.93{\pm}0.85{\mu}g/dL$) and Cr ($8.60{\pm}7.25{\mu}g/dL$). But Mn and Cr status seemed to be adequate. Urinary Fe excretion, $4.48{\pm}1.98{\mu}g/dL$, was pretty much lower than its reference and that of Se, $2.45{\pm}1.17{\mu}g/dL$, was also lower than its average. On the other hand, those of Zn ($42.95{\pm}20.47{\mu}g/dL$) and Cu ($5.68{\pm}1.50{\mu}g/dL$) were flirty good. In case of Mn, urinary excretion, $0.31{\pm}0.09{\mu}g/dL$, was much greater than its reference. Urinary excretions of Mo ($7.48{\pm}2.95{\mu}g/dL$) and Cr ($1.37{\pm}0.41{\mu}g/dL$) were very higher compared to each reference. The results of this study revealed that Korean young adult women were considerably poor in Fe status, a bit inadequate in Se status, partly inadequate in Zn status, and flirty good in Cu, Mn, Mo and Cr status. However, there was a problem of excessive intakes of Mo and Cr. It, therefore, should be concerned to increase the intakes of Fe, Se and Zn but to decrease Mo and Cr consumption for young adult women.

The Effects of Dietary Cadmium, Zinc, Iron and Copper Concentrations of Tissues and Hair in Rats (사료내 카드뮴 첨가가 체조직과 피모의 카드뮴, 아연, 철 및 구리함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Keun-woo;Lee, Hyun-beom
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.361-383
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    • 1987
  • This thesis was designed to find out whether the cadmium content of hair in living animals reflects the status of cadmium accumulation in internal organs or muscles so that this status can be used as a diagnostic method. Forty-five rats were divided into 4 experimental groups and one control group. The control group received a basal diet which contained zinc $100{\mu}g/g$, iron $80{\mu}g/g$ and copper $135{\mu}g/g$. The experimental group received experimental diets sllpplemented with 1, 10, 100 or $1,000{\mu}g/g$ cadmium as cadmium sulfate. Rats were dissected on the 28th or 56th day of experimental periods and tissues, blood and hair samples were taken, dried and burned to ash and analysed. The cadmium, iron zinc and copper concentrations were measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In addition feed efficiency and hematological changes were observed. The results obtained can be summerized as follows: A marked decrease in feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency were observed from 1 or 2 weeks of experimental periods, which was in accordance with the dosage and periods. The cadmium contents of kidney, liver, spleen and muscle were significantly increased in all experimental rats; the accumulation was marked in kidney and liver tissues. It was shown that the cadmium contents of hair reflects the cadmium accumulation in internal organs and muscle; the higher the cadmium levels of diet and of rat tissues, the higher the cadmium content of hair. In the $100{\mu}g/g$ group of rats erythrocyte counts and. hemoglobin concentrations were decreased. A significant(p<0.01, p<0.05) increase in iron contents of kidney, liver and muscle was observed in 10, 100, $1,000{\mu}g/g$ groups of rats on the 28th day of experiment. A significant (p<0.01, p<0.05) increase in zinc contents of kidney, liver and muscle was observed in all experimental rats. On the other hand, serum zinc concentration was decreased. A significant(p<0.01) increase in copper contents in the liver was observed on the 28th day in $100{\mu}g/g$ and $1,000{\mu}g/g$ groups of rats. From these results it may be concluded that the analysis of hair for cadmium is a useful diagnostic approach for the cadmium status of internal organs and muscle in living animals.

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Effect of Nutritional Support on Underweight Patients (저체중 환자를 대상으로한 영양보충 효과에 관한 연구)

  • 백인경
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.496-505
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    • 1991
  • Underweight patients were studied with respect to changes in their nutritional status before and after administration of nutritional beverage. Patients with renal hepatic or endocrine disease gastrectomy malabsorption and weight gain over past 6 months were excluded. Ten patients were participated as controls and were allowed to eat ad libitu, Twenty patients were served as case and were administered in addition to their usual diet 400ml of nutritio-nal beverage(Greenbia) high in calorie and protein for 8 weeks. In the beginning of the study most underweight patients showed depressed nutritional status in terms of calorie intake quality of protein intake and the levels of visceral protein status and serum micronut-rients. The controls consumed less amounts of calories proteins vitamins and minerals while those given the nutritional beverage exceeded their estimated energy requirement(105%) and consumed a mean of 96g protein per day. Those given nutritional beverage for 8 weeks showed significant increase in body weight(3%) hemoglobin(3.2%) hematocrit(5.4%) serum transferrin(19.4%) iron(30.1%) and zinc(20.9%) In the controls however significant improvement was not observed in any parameters compared with initial values. significant improvement was not observed in any parameters compared with initial values. This study suggests that patients with underweight can show mild nutritional deprivation nutritional support can improve their unbalanced status and prevent severe malnutrition.

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Maternal Nutritional Status at the End of Pregnancy, and Correlation among Pregnancy Weight Gain, Birth Weight and Serum Leptin Levels (산모의 임신말기 영양상태와 임신 중 체중증가, 출생체중과 혈청 렙틴 농도와의 상관관계에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Jin-Hee;Kim, Seung-Bo;Cho, Kum-Ho;Choue, Ryo-Won
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.467-475
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    • 2006
  • The necessity of adequate pregnancy weight gain for optimal pregnancy outcome has been recognized. However, the specific components of pregnancy weight gain that might be critical for fetal growth and development have not been elucidated clearly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of pregnancy weight gain and birth weight with serum leptin levels in women delivered newborns. The subjects were recruited from K university hospital. The subject's characteristic data (age $32.1\;{\pm}\;4.3\;y$, gestational age $39.5\;{\pm}\;1.1wk$, pre-pregnancy weight $58.0\;{\pm}\;8.6\;kg$, pregnancy weight gain $12.7\;{\pm}\;5.5\;kg$, newborn's birth weight $3.5\;{\pm}\;0.5\;kg$) were gathered. Maternal dietary assessment was carried out at the end of pregnancy. After delivery, blood samples were collected from 20 mother-newborn pairs. Serum levels of various lipids and leptin were analyzed. Maternal daily consumption of iron, zinc, folate were lower than the RDA of each nutrient and index of nutritional quality was less than 1 showing that the quality of maternal diet was low. The levels of serum leptin of mothers and infants were $10.2\;{\pm}\;6.7\;ng/ml$ and $1.7\;{\pm}\;0.6\;ng/ml$, respectively. The serum leptin concentrations of male infants $(1.9\;{\pm}\;0.7\;ng\;ml)$ were not different from that of females $(1.7{\pm}0.5\;ng/ml)$. A negative correlation was found between the maternal pre-pregnant BMI and weight gain during pregnancy (r = -0.54, p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the pregnancy weight gain and the newborn's birth weight (r=0.59, p < 0.01 There were also positive correlation between newborn's birth weight and newborn's serum leptin levels (r = 0.57, p < 0.01). No correlations were found between maternal serum leptin levels and that of newborn's. Efforts should be made to attain adequate diet and weight gain during the pregnancy to reduce the likelihood of low or over birth weight of newborns.

Variation of Urinary and Serum Trace Elements (Ca, Zn, Cu, Se) in Bladder Carcinoma in China

  • Guo, Kun-Feng;Zhang, Zhe;Wang, Jun-Yong;Gao, Sheng-Lin;Liu, Jiao;Zhan, Bo;Chen, Zhi-Peng;Kong, Chui-Ze
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.2057-2061
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    • 2012
  • Backgrounds: Deficiency or excess of trace elements can induce body metabolic disorders and cellular growth disturbance, even mutation and cancerization. Since there are few studies of the effect of trace elements in bladder carcinoma in China, the aim of this study was thus to assess variation using a case control approach. Methods: To determine this, 81 patients with bladder carcinoma chosen as a study group and 130 healthy persons chosen as a control group were all assayed for urinary and serum trace elements (calcium [Ca], zinc [Zn], copper [Cu], selenium [Se]) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the results were analyzed by independent sample t tests. The correlative factors on questionnaires answered by all persons were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The results showed urinary Ca, Zn and serum Cu levels of the study group to be significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of he control group. Serum Ca and Se levels of study group were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of control group. Conclusion: There were higher urinary Zn and serum Cu concentrations in bladder carcinoma cases. Bladder carcinoma may be associated with Ca metabolic disorder, leading to higher urinary Ca and lower serum Ca. Low serum Se and smoking appear to be other risk factors for bladder carcinoma in China.

Effect of Growell on Performance, Organ Weight and Serum Trace Element Profile of Broilers

  • Kalorey, D.R.;Kurkure, N.V.;Sakhare, P.S.;Warke, Subhangi;Ali, Murtuza
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.677-679
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    • 2001
  • Effect of Growell a herbomineral premix was evaluated on performance, organ weight, humoral immune response, tissue and serum trace element profile of boilers. Day old 50 Babcock broiler chicks were randomly divided in two groups (C and T) and reared on deep litter system for 6 weeks of age. Chicks from group C were given basal diet while chicks from T group were fed basal diet supplemented with Growell at the rate 0.35 g/Kg. The chicks were vaccinated with Lasota strain of NCDV at $4^{th}$ and $28^{th}$ day of age. The birds receiving Growell treatment had higher body weight with better feed conversion ratio as compare to that of control chicks. Growell treatment had significantly reduced per cent weight of spleen and kidney, whereas that of bursa was increased. There was no effect of treatment on relative weight of thymus. HI antibody titer against NCDV in Growell treated chicks were higher as compare to untreated chicks indicating better humoral immune status. Growell treatment had no effect on serum Fe and Zn concentration. Dietary supplementation of Growell had significantly increased iron content of liver, kidney and muscle; zinc content of kidney and muscle; copper content of kidney and muscle and Mn content of kidney. Growell treatment improved the body weight, FCR and humoral immune status of broilers. Similarly, deposition of trace minerals in various organs was also increased in comparison to control.

Effect of water scarcity during thermal-humidity exposure on the mineral footprint of sheep

  • Nejad, Jalil Ghassemi;Lee, Bae-Hun;Kim, Ji-Yung;Park, Kyu-Hyun;Kim, Won-Seob;Sung, Kyung-Il;Lee, Hong-Gu
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.33 no.12
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    • pp.1940-1947
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    • 2020
  • Objective: Combination of two stressors on alteration of mineral footprints in animals needs due attention to meet maximum production and welfare, particularly in grazing sheep. This study tested whether ewes (Ovis aries) exposed to water deprivation and thermal-humidity stressors had altered mineral footprints in their wool, serum, urine, and feces. Methods: Nine ewes (age = 3 years; mean body weight = 41±3.5 kg) were divided among a control group with free access to water, and treatment groups with water deprivation lasting either 2 h (2hWD) or 3 h (3hWD) after feeding. Using a 3×3 Latin square design, animals were assigned to treatment groups for three sampling periods of 21 days each (n = 9). Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture. Wool was collected at the end of periods 2 and 3. Metabolic crates designed with metal grated floors were used for urine and feces collection. We measured sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), chloride (Cl), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). Results: The wool mineral levels did not differ between the treatment groups, although K was marginally lower (p = 0.10) in the 2hWD group. The serum and urine mineral levels did not differ between the treatments (p>0.05). Fecal K was significantly lower in the 2hWD group than in the other groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, water deprivation and thermal-humidity exposure altered the excretion of K, but not of other minerals, in the wool, urine, feces, or serum of ewes. Thus, no additional mineral supplementation is needed for water deprived ewes during thermalhumidity exposure.