• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.309-318
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Data regarding the effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) on sleep status are limited. This study aimed to test whether γ-PGA and vitamin B₆ (VitB6) supplements improve sleep duration and quality. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A factorial randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study included 47 adults (25 men and 22 women) who were free of chronic disease. Stratified randomized allocation considered age and gender for three interventions, group A (supplementation with γ-PGA 600 mg; n = 16), group B (supplementation with VitB6 100 mg; n = 14), and group C (dual supplementation of both γ-PGA 600 mg and VitB6 100 mg; n = 17). Participants underwent a 1-mon intervention period, followed by a 1-mon washout period, and then a second 1-mon intervention period. Differences (mean ± SD) in nighttime sleep status before and after supplementation were compared between the placebo and intervention groups using nonparametric tests. RESULTS: Significant changes in sleep duration (0.27 ± 0.98 h, P < 0.05) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score (-0.52 ± 1.58, P < 0.05) indicating improved sleep status were observed in the intervention compared with the placebo of group C while no significant changes were observed in groups A and B. No statistical significance was detected between the intervention and the placebo; however, there was a greater increase in the group C intervention (4.59 ± 38.5 ng/mL) in serum serotonin concentrations than the groups A and B interventions. No side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these findings, the dual supplementation of γ-PGA and VitB6 may be effective as functional food components to improve nighttime sleep status.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.865-873
• /
• 2002

The primary cause of tooth loss after 30 years of age is periodontal disease. Destruction of alveolar bone by periodontal disease is done by bone resorbing activity of osteoclasts. Understanding differentiation and activation mechanism of osteoclasts is essential for controling periodontal disease. The purpose of this study is to identify the possible effects of Vitamin D and cytokines affecting osteoclasts and its precursor cells. Four to six week-old mice were killed and humerus, radius, tibia and femur were removed aseptically and washed two times with Hank's solution containing penicillin-streptomycin and then soft tissue were removed. Bone marrow cells were collected by 22 gauge needle. Cells were cultured in Hank's solution containing 1 mg/ml type II collagenase, 0.05% trypsin, 41mM EDTA. Supernatant solution was removed 5 times after 15 minutes of digestion with above mentioned enzyme solution, and remained bone particles were maintained in alpha-MEM for 15 minutes and $4^{\circ}C$ temperature. Bone particles were agitated for 1 minute and supernatant solution containing osteoclast precursor cells were filtrated with cell stainer. These separated osteoclast precursor cells were dispensed with 100-mm culture dish by $1{\times}10^7$ cells unit and cultured in ${\alpha}$- MEM containing 20 ng/ml recombinant human M-CSF, 30 ng/ml recombinant human soluble osteoclast differentiation factor and 10% fetal calf serum for 2 and 7 days. Total RNA of osteoclast precursor cells were extracted using RNeasy kit. One ${\mu}g$ of total RNA was reverse transcribed in $42^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes using SuperScriptII reverse transcriptase. Expression of transcribed receptors of each hormone and cytokine were traced with 1 ${\mu}l$ of cDNA solution by PCR amplification. Vitamin D receptor WAS found in cells cultured for 7 days. TNF-${\alpha}$ receptor was found in cells cultured for 2 days and amount of receptors were increased by 7 days. IL-1 type I receptor was not found in cells cultured 2 and 7 days. But, IL-1 receptor type II was found in cells cultured for 2 days. TGF-${\alpha},{\beta}$type I receptor was found in cells cultured 2 and 7 days, and amount of receptors were increased by 7 days of culture. These results implies Vitamin D and cytokines can affect osteoclasts directly, and affecting period in differentiation cycle of osteoclasts is different by Vitamin D and cytokines.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.32 no.7
• /
• pp.787-792
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to estimate the iron availability and to analyze dietary factors which influence hematological indices of 130 female adolescents with iron deficiency anemia. Intakes of iron and other nutrients were estimated using a self-administrated questionnaire combined with the 24-hour recall mehtod and iron availability was calculated by Monsen's method. Mean daily intakes of calorie, protein and vitamin C were 1631.0kcal(77.7% of RDA), 54.7g(84.2% of RDA) and 45.7mg(83.0% of RDA), respectively. In terms of iron, mean daily intake was 8.7mg(48.3% of RDA) and heme iron intake was 3.0mg which correspond to 34% of total iron intake. The amount of total absorbable iron was 1.5mg and the estimated bioavailability of dietary iron was 17.2%. In summary, intake of several nutrients for most of the subjects were under RDA. Dietary factors affecting hematological indices were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. Intake of vitamin C was a major determinant of Hb level, while both intake of enhancing factor and iron availability were major determinants of serum ferritin level. In conclusion proper nutritional education and guidance for iron deficiency anemic female adoalescent needs to be developed and to improve their iron storage should be increased intakes of enhancing factors, female adoalescents.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.389-396
• /
• 2003

Maternal nutritional status has been shown to influence pregnancy outcomes. And the elevated maternal plasma homocysteine concentrations have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We investigated the effects of maternal serum levels of B vitamins and homocysteine, and the C677T MTHFR (5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) polymorphism on pregnancy outcomes. In 177 pregnant women of 24-28 wks of gestation, the MTHFR gene mutation, serum B vitamins and homocysteine concentrations were measured, and their pregnancy outcomes were investigated from medical records. The birth length, and 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of neonates in the T/T mothers were 45.4 $\pm$ 9.3 cm, 7.6 $\pm$ 3.2 and 8.5 $\pm$ 3.8, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the C/T (48.6 $\pm$ 3.3 cm, 9.0 $\pm$ 0.2, 10.0 $\pm$ 0.2) or the C/C mothers (49.4 $\pm$ 1.9 cm, 9.0 $\pm$ 0.2, 10.0 $\pm$ 0.0). The birth weight, birth length and the gestational age of neonates at delivery from hyperhomocysteinemic mothers whose homocysteine levels higher than 15 $\mu$ mol were 2.5 $\pm$ 1.3 kg, 43.9 $\pm$ 9.0 cm, 35.4 $\pm$ 6.3 wk, respectively, which were significant lower than those from normohomocysteinemic mothers (3.1 $\pm$ 0.6 kg, 48.8 $\pm$ 3.6 cm, 38.5 $\pm$ 2.5 wk). The birth weight and birth length of neonates in mothers whose PLP levels were below the median were significantly lower than those from mothers with the PLP levels above the median. The 1- and 5-min Apgar scores of neonates were lower in mothers with the T/T MTHFR genotype than those with the C/T or C/C only when the serum PLP levels were below the median. The 1-, 5 min Apgar scores and birth length of neonates were lower in mothers with the T/T MTHFR genotype than those with the C/T or C/C only when the serum FMN levels were below the median. In conclusion, maternal B vitamin status, homocysteine and the C677T MTHFR genotype seem to have played an important role on pregnancy outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 1996

Correlations of adolescents' blood pressure with dietary factors and blood or urinary electrolytes were investigated in this study. Through the screening for blood pressures of 960 middle school students aged 13-16 years, 30 students with the mean value of SBP and DBP above 96th percentile(high blood pressure group) and the other 30 with the mean blood pressure between 48th and 52th percentiles(normal blood pressure group) were selected as the subjects. SBP/DBP of the high and talc normal blood pressure groups were $141.8{\pm}9.0$ / $83.6{\pm}5.1$ mmHg and $116.4{\pm}3.5$ / $69.8{\pm}3.7 mmHg$, respectively. The average values of age, weight, height, BMI, degree of relative crude physical activity, and family income were not different between two groups. Among nutrients for which intakes were determined by 24 hour-recall and expressed as percent RDA, intakes of total and animal calcium were lower in the high blood pressure group compared to the normal, and were negatively correlated with both SBP and DBP even when the effects of related general and other dietary factors were excluded. Whereas energy, total, animal and vegetable protein, total and animal lipid, and riboflavin were higher in intake in the high blood pressure group than in fille normal, and they were in positive correlations with SBP and/or DBP. Vitamin A and ascorbic acid intakes were also negatively correlated with DBP, though ascorbic acid intake was not different between two groups. High blood pressure group preferred higher concentration of thin rice gruel than normal group and talc preferred salt concentrations was ill positive correlation with SBP. Serum and urinary levels of Ca, Mg, Ca/Mg ratio, Na, K and Na/K ratio did not show any differences between two groups. However serum Ca/Mg retio was in negative and se겨m Mg was ill positive correlations with SBP, and urinary Na excretion was negatively correlated with SBP. Calcium intake showed negative correlation with serum Ha and Na/K ratio. Our data indicated that dietary intake of Ca, energy, protein, lipid, vitamin A and C as well as salt preference were associated with blood pressure in adolescents. It might be assumed that Ca lowered blood pressure by increasing serum Ca/Mg ratio and decreasing serum Ca/K ratio though urinary excretion of Na.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2003

Dietary counseling is undoubtedly important for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Several dietary counseling methods have been developed and used in Japan to promote healthier diets. However, in Japan, few studies have established effective counseling methods. We developed a computer-assisted tailored dietary counseling system with self-administered diet history questionnaire (DHQ) to assess nutrient intakes and the feedbacks for counseling. We examined the effectiveness of the system in three studies , two among mildly-hypercholesterolemic and one among healthy subjects. We observed significant changes in intakes of targeted nutrients in all three studies. We also observed favorable changes in the corresponding serum and urinary biomarkers in two studies, i.e., non-significant change in serum cholesterol, serum carotene and vitamin C, and a significant change in 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium. In addition, one of the studies observed a significant modified dietary habit for one-year after the intervention was completed. No unfavorable change was observed for non-targeted nutrients in all three studies. The dietary counseling system with DHQ was concluded to be effective among motivated high-risk and healthy subjects. The system's application to other diseases and populations such as children, adolescents, and elderly, should be examined further. (J Community Nutrition 5(2) : 112-119, 2003)

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2022

X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets are the most common form of familial hypophosphatemic rickets resulting from hypophosphatemia caused by renal phosphate wasting, which in turn is a result of loss-of-function mutations in PHEX. Herein, we report a 39-year-old female with short stature and skeletal deformities and 12-month-old asymptomatic daughter. The female has a history of multiple surgical treatments because of lower limb deformities. Her biochemical findings revealed low serum phosphorus levels with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity and normal serum calcium levels, suggesting presence of hypophosphatemic rickets. To identify the molecular causes, we used a multigene testing panel and found a mutation, c.667dup (p.Asp223GlyfsTer15), in PHEX gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel mutation. A heterozygous form of the same variant was detected in daughter, who showed no typical symptoms such as bow legs, frontal bossing, or waddling gate, but presented early signs of impaired mineralization in both X-ray and biochemical findings. The daughter was initiated onto early medical treatment with oral phosphate supplementation and an active vitamin D analog. Because the daughter was genetically diagnosed based on a family history before the onset of symptoms, appropriate medical management was possible from early infancy.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.150-156
• /
• 2011

Few studies have shown the correlation between metabolic syndrome and bone mineral density (BMD). The main pathogenic mechanisms of metabolic syndrome rely on chronic low-level inflammatory status and oxidative stress. There are few studies that examine the gender-specific effects of inflammation and antioxidants on BMD. In this study, we evaluated the relative contribution of these factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 67 men and 46 postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome; metabolic syndrome was defined as having three or more metabolic syndrome risk factors. BMD, body fat mass, and lean body mass were evaluated. We also examined the levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, vitamin E, and C in serum. Log-transformed hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in lumbar spine osteoporotic subjects than in normal subjects for women but not for men. There was no significant difference between the normal group and the osteoporotic group in other inflammatory markers. Stepwise regression analyses for BMD of the lumbar spine showed that lean body mass and vitamin E were significant determinants in men. Lean body mass and log-transformed hs-CRP were significant determinants in women Analysis for BMD of the femoral neck showed that lean body mass was a significant determinant for both men and women. There was no significant factor among the inflammatory markers or antioxidant vitamins affecting the femoral neck BMD for either gender. In conclusion, while hs-CRP is an independent predictor of the BMD of the lumbar spine in women, vitamin E showed profound effects on BMD in men but not women with metabolic syndrome.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.58-64
• /
• 2004

This study investigated the effects of carnitine and/or ${\gamma}$ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplementation on lipid profiles and some immune related nutrient in mice. Balb/c male mice were orally treated with either an AIN-76 diet (Con), a control diet plus carnitine (CS, 0.5 g/kg bw), a control diet plus GABA (GS, 0.5 g/kg bw) or a control diet plus carnitine plus GABA (CGS, 0.25 g/kg bw, respectively) for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in feed consumption, energy intake, body weight gain or feed efficiency ratio among the groups during the experimental period. However, abdominal fat deposits were smaller in CS, GS and CGS groups compared with the Con group. Serum and liver triglycerides also were lower in CS, GS and CGS and serum total cholesterol was significantly lower in the CGS group compared with the Con group. Serum LDL cholesterol was lower in the CGS group and liver HDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the CS group compared with Con group. In serum, stearic acid and selecholeic acid were lower, but arachidic acid was higher in the CS group. Liver stearic acid was higher but oleic acid lower in CGS group compared with Con group. In carnitine supplemented groups, serum and liver nonesterified carnitine (NEC), acidsoluble acylcarnitine (ASAC), total carnitine (TCNE) concentrations were higher in only the CS group, not CGS group. Serum vitamin A and E concentrations were not different among the groups. These results may suggest that carnitine and/or GABA supplementation improves lipid profiles in mice, but did not affect the immune-related nutrients that we measured under the experimental conditions of this study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.365-374
• /
• 2018

This study investigated the relationship between Vitamin D levels and indices related to cardiovascular disease in Korean adults aged ${\geq}19years$. The data for analysis were obtained from the sixth Korea National Health Nutrition Examination Survey in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that the incidence of Vitamin D deficiency was 73.1% among Korean adults and that indices related to cardiovascular disease showed an increasing trend (55.6% of Korean adults). The relationship between Vitamin D levels and indices related to cardiovascular disease with controlled physical activity status was also studied. The odds ratios (ORs) for age were 1.72 for the 4-62 years age group (95% CI, 1.53-1.93) and 2.05 for the ${\geq}65years$ age group (95% CI, 1.71-2.45). For blood pressure, the OR for pre-hypertension was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.15-1.47) and that for hypertension was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.11-1.54). For body mass index (BMI), the OR was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.11-1.66) and that for waist circumference (WC) was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.11-1.66). For fasting blood sugar (FBS), the OR for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was 1.37 (95% CI, 1.21-1.55) and that for diabetes mellitus (DM) was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.05-1.65). The OR for total cholesterol (TC) was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.11-1.52) and that for triglycerides (TG) was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.04-1.37) in Korean adults. There was a significant relationship between Vitamin D and indices related to cardiovascular disease in Korean adults with respect to age, blood pressure, FBS, BMI, TC and TG. Confirmation of a causal relationship between Vitamin D and indices related to cardiovascular disease may require further research consisting of more systematic cohort studies.