• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2009

Antibody-detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine whether the absorbance value of ELISA is influenced by the different serum storage conditions of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Flounder antiserum to bovine serum albumin was stored at -80, -20, 4 and 20${^{\circ}C}$ for 1, 30, 69 and 124 days, respectively. In addition, the flounder antisera were frozen at -80 and -20${^{\circ}C}$, respectively and then repeated 1, 5 and 10 thaw-freeze cycles. No significant difference was shown in ELISA optical density (O.D.) values of sera, which were stored at the above mentioned storage conditions during 124 days. ELISA O.D. values of unfrozen serum samples, which were previously stored at 4${^{\circ}C}$, were almost similar to those of sera undergoing 1, 5, and 10 freeze-thaw cycles after stored at -80 or -20${^{\circ}C}$. In conclusion, the ELISA O.D. values of flounder sera were not affected by various storage conditions: different temperatures (-80, -20, 4 and 20${^{\circ}C}$), durations of storage (1, 30, 69 and 124 days), and repeated thaw-freeze cycles (1, 5, and 10 times).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2007

The present study was performed to elucidate the recovery effect of needle-acupuncture (needle-AP) and moxibustion treatments at Gan Shu (BL18) on $CCl_4$ induced hepatic injury in dogs, Total 9 clinically healthy experimental dogs (1 to 2 years old, 2.3-5.3kg body weight) were divided into control (3 dogs), needle-AP (3 dogs) and moxibustion (3 dogs) groups, respectively. Hepatic iniw was induced by intraperitoneal injection with $CCl_4$ (olive oil : $CCl_4=1:1,\;1ml/kg$, once/day). As far the treatments in each group, control group was not treated at all after induction of the hepatic injury till the end of experiment. Needle-Af group was treated by AP at BL18 (once/day, 20 minutes) from the next day of induction of the hepatic injury for 11 days. Moxibustion group was also treated with commercial moxa at BL18 (once/day, 20minutes) for 11days. The changes of the serum alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities were investigated on pre, 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 11 days after hepatic injury, respectively. Histopathological changes were also investigated in the liver tissues on day 11 in experimental and control groups. The results obtained in the present study were as follows. In needle-AP group, they showed significant lower values on the 1st (p<0.05) and $3^{rd} day (p <0.05)$ in serum ALT activities, and the $11^{th}$ day in serum GGT activities, compared with those of control group, respectively. However, the significances were not detected in serum AST activities of needle-AP group by comparison with those of control group. In moxibustion group, they showed significant low values on the $1^{st}(p<0.05)$, 3rd day (p<0.05) and $5^{th}$ day (p<0.05) in serum ALT activities, compared with those of control group, respectively. However, significances were not detected in serum GGT and AST activities of moxibustion group by comparison with those of control group. Among the experimental groups, the significant low values were found on $1^{st}\;and\;3^{rd}$ day in serum ALT activities (p<0.05), and $3^{rd}\;and\;5^{th}$ day in serum GGT activities (p<0.05) in needle-AP group, compared by those of moxibustion group, respectively. In addition, the marked recovery findings of histopathological changes in experimental groups were found, compared by those of control group: mild vacuolar degeneration and necrosis findings in needle-AP group, and moderate vacuolar degeneration and necrotic findings in moxibustion group were found, in contrast to severe changes such as accumulation of bile juice, vacuolar degeneration and necrotic findings observed in control group. In conclusion, needle-AP and moxibustion treatments at BL-18 were effective for the recovery for $CCl_4$ induced hepatic injury and needle-AP was more effective than that of moxibustion in dogs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.404-415
• /
• 1978

The present study was carried out to develop the better measures for safety of open heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation (ECC) with Heart-Lung-Machine by preventing changes in the concentrations of serum electrolytes during and after ECC. For this purpose, the cocentrations of serum electrolytes were measured before, during, and after ECC in 21 patients with congenital and acquired heart diseases who received open heart surger, - under ECC using Heart-Lung-Machine. Also considered was the development of safety measured by which changes in serum electrolyte concentrations were prevented during and after open heart surgery under ECC. The mean values for serum sodium levels were observed to be ; $13.14{\pm}0.47$mEq./L. for the samples obtained before ECC. $139.59{\pm}0.68$mEq./L. for the samples obtained 10 minutes after ECC and $138.0{\pm}0.68$mEq./L. for the samples obt"ined 24 hours after ECC. These results indicate that serum sodium concentrations were \\'ithin normal range during and until 24 hours after ECC. 2) The concentrations of serum chloride were found to be $105.38{\pm}0.70$105.38$\pm$0. 70 mEq./L. for the samples collected before ECC, $105.07{\pm}1.01$mEq./L. for the Simples collected 24 minutes aiter ECC and $101.95{\pm}1.09$mEq./L. for the samples collectect 24 hours afte ECC. As was tile case with serum sodium levels, no significant changes were observed in serum chloride levels during and 24 hours after ECC. 3)With proper provisions of potassium chloride solution during ECC, the concentrations of serum potassium were found to be $4.22{\pm}0.06$mEq./L. for the samples removed before EeC, $4.06{\pm}0.14$mEq./L. for the samples removed 10 minutes after ECC and $4.39{\pm}0.07$ mEq./L. for the samples removed 24 hours after ECC. 4)The concentrations of serum calcium were also maintained within normal during and after ECC; $9.15{\pm}0.14$mg/dl for the serum collected before ECC, $8.36{\pm}0.21$mg/dI for the serum collected 10 minutes after ECC and $8.47{\pm}0.14$mg/dl 21 hours after ECC. The maintenance of serum calcium level within normal throughout ECC was achieved by parenteral administrations of calcium gluconate as frequent as required. 5) As were the cases with serum potassium and calcium, the concentrations of plasma bicarbonate was regulated within normal range during and after ECC, only when sodium bicarbonate solution was admini"tered parenterally as it was required; $23.7{\pm}0.50$mEq./L. for the serum collected before ECC. $22.33{\pm}1.09$mEq.lL. for the serum collected 10 minutes after ECC and $25.3{\pm}0.96$mEq./L. for the serum collected 24 hours after ECC. The above results indicate tha t during and after ECC serum sodium and chloride levels remined unchanged without any provision of normal saline, while serum potassium, calcium, and bicarbonate concentrations were kept within normal limits only when these ealectrolytes were administered through parenteral routes. With these results it can be concluded that serum potassium, calcium, and bicarbonate levels should be determined as often as possible during and after ECC and that in order to maintain serum electrolyte levels within normal these electrolytes in the forms of potassium chloride, calcium gluconate, and sodium bicarbonate shou'd be given parenterally as they were found to be required.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation of nutrients intake and copper status between nonvegetarian female college students and lacto-ovo-vegetarian female college students. The height, weight and serum copper concentrations were determined. Food nutrients analysis procedure was made by computer using food composition table. The results was summarized as followed; 1) Mean values of weight & height were respectively 53.581$\pm$1.68kg.157.051$\pm$1.43cm in nonvegetarians and 51.23$\pm$1.45kg.156.65$\pm$1.24cm in facto-ovo-vegetarians. 2) The average intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, Ca, P, Fe and Vit. C were above the RDA in the two groups, but those of calories was below the RDA in non-vegetarians. Especially, fiber and icon intakes were significant in the two groups(p< 0.01, p< 0.05). 3) The percentage of iron absorption was 7.64% in nonvegetarians and 5% in facto-ovo-vegetarians. 4) Mean serum copper values of nonvegetarian and vegetarian were 107.08$\pm$14.39ug/100m1 and 113.31$\pm$20.86ug/100ml, respectively.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2007

The possible mechanism of decreased catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in cholestatic rat liver was studied. Hepatic and serum COMT activities were determined from the experimental rats with choledocho-caval shunt (CCS). The Michaelis-Menten constants in this hepatic enzyme was also measured. The activities of cytosolic, mitochondrial and mircosomal COMT as well as their $V_{max}$ values were found to be decreased significantly in CCS plus taurocholic acid (TCA) injected group than in the control group, such as CCS alone groups. However, their $K_m$ values in the experimental groups did not vary. Seru4m COMT activity increased slightly in the CCS plus TCA injerted group than in the control group. The above results suggest that TCA represses biosynthesis of the COMT in the liver, The elevated activity of the serum COMT is believed to be caused by the increment of membrane permeability of hepatocytes upon TCA mediated liver cell necrosis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.309-315
• /
• 1996

As part of our search for less toxic antimicrobial agents from natural resources, antimicrobial activity of rutin isolated from Sophora japonica was tested in vitro against four kinds of gram positive bacteria and four kinds of gram negative bacteria by serial broth dilution method. Among eight kinds of bacteria tested, the antimicrobial activity of rutin was the most potent against Mycobacterium smegmatis showing MIC of $375\;{\mu}g/ml$. The acute toxicity of rutin was examined in mice and rats. and $LD_{50}$ value administered intraperitoneally in mice was 650 mg/kg(Confidence limit: 894-1,473 mg/kg). There were no significant changes in serum biochemical values and histopathological changes as compared with those of control after intraperitoneal administration with rutin in rats.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of the developed exercise prescription program by utilizing PRECEDE(Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation} model on adult's knowledge related to health, attitudes, behaviors and serum lipoprotein values. This study employed 20 males(40-47 yrs) without any apparent physical defects, who did not experience such physical activities. They were divided into experimental groups and control groups, each group consisted of 10 subjects who performed Jogging. The experimental design of the study utilized “two-way ANOVA Design” conducted by the repeated measurement two time(pre and post-test). As the results of the data, the conclusions were as follows: 1. There were statistically significant effects of the health module exposed to the experimental groups on the higher means of knowledge score in the experimental groups than those in the control groups. 2. There were statistically significant effects of the module exposed to the experimental groups on the positive changes of their attitudes. 3. There were significant changes on the behaviors of the health by doing the health program. Therefore the developed health program formed the improved knowledge about the health and the desirable attitudes and behaviors. 4. There were statistically significant effects of the exercise prescription program exposed to the experimental groups on the reduction of the resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure. 5. There were statistically significant effects of the exercise prescription program exposed to the experimental groups on the positive changes of their plasma TC / HDL-C ratio and triglycerides.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.23 no.7
• /
• pp.504-512
• /
• 1990

In experiment 1, dietary self-selection of the 3 macronutrients, protein, fat, and carbohydrate were examined in male rats given 3 food cups of 80% carbohydrate, 80% protein, and 70% fat diets simultaneously. All the rats showed normal growth pattern and organ weight, which means they have ability to select just right kinds and amounts of nurients in order to support their growth and development. Mean values of caloric intake, body weight gain, serum lipid values and empty carcass compositions were not significantly differ between the upper and lower quartile groups of fat proportion of empty carcass compared to the lower quartile group(LF). Same feeding design was employed in experiment 2 where the effect of mild electric stress on food selection was studied. The rats in both control and electric stress group revealed a normal growth curve and organ weights. The rats in both control and electric stress group revealed a normal growth curve and organ weights. The stress group showed higher caloric intake and body weight gain than control group, but no significant effects of stress on serum and empty carcass components was found. Even though normal rats seemed to select macronutrients according to their physiolosical needs, there were individual differences in food selection whether they were exposed to stress or not. Therefore life long individual food selection pattern may have a great influence on nutritional status and chronic degenerative diseases of eldery, and on aging process.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.220-224
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the dose dependent antifibrotic effects of polysaccharide from mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum. The experimental hepatic cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/S) in rats. BDL/S rats in each group were dosed 0.5 mg, 2.0 mg, 5.0 mg or 10.O mg/rat/day orally for 4 weeks after the operation. Antifibrotic effects were evaluated by serum biochemical values, hydroxyproline contents, and light microscopical histology. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Hydroxyproline contents in liver of 5.0 and 10.0mg polysaccharide-treated BDL/S rats were significantly reduced 2) In serum test, ALT, AST, ALP values in polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum-treated group were lower than BDL/S control group 3) The hepatic damage such as hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation, bile duct proliferation and fibrosis was less severe in the livers of 2.0 mg and 5.0 mg polysaccharide-treated rats. These results suggest that polysaccharide from mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum to be a promising agent for the inhibition of hepatic cirrhosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.496-505
• /
• 1991

Underweight patients were studied with respect to changes in their nutritional status before and after administration of nutritional beverage. Patients with renal hepatic or endocrine disease gastrectomy malabsorption and weight gain over past 6 months were excluded. Ten patients were participated as controls and were allowed to eat ad libitu, Twenty patients were served as case and were administered in addition to their usual diet 400ml of nutritio-nal beverage(Greenbia) high in calorie and protein for 8 weeks. In the beginning of the study most underweight patients showed depressed nutritional status in terms of calorie intake quality of protein intake and the levels of visceral protein status and serum micronut-rients. The controls consumed less amounts of calories proteins vitamins and minerals while those given the nutritional beverage exceeded their estimated energy requirement(105%) and consumed a mean of 96g protein per day. Those given nutritional beverage for 8 weeks showed significant increase in body weight(3%) hemoglobin(3.2%) hematocrit(5.4%) serum transferrin(19.4%) iron(30.1%) and zinc(20.9%) In the controls however significant improvement was not observed in any parameters compared with initial values. significant improvement was not observed in any parameters compared with initial values. This study suggests that patients with underweight can show mild nutritional deprivation nutritional support can improve their unbalanced status and prevent severe malnutrition.